14 research outputs found

    A Study on Hypersensitivity of Korean Farmers to various Agrochemicals 1. Determination of Concentration for Patch Test of Fruit-tree Agrochemicals and Hypersensitivity of Orange Orchard Farmers in Che-ju Do. Korea

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    ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ์•ฝ 40%๊ฐ€ ๋†์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ฆ์‚ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋†์•ฝ์ด ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋†์•ฝ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์ž์—ฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์˜ค์—ผ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ณตํ•ด์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, EHํ•œ ๋†๋ฏผ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์—๋„ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ƒ์˜ ๋ถ€์ฃผ์˜์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ ์ค‘๋…์‚ฌ๊ณ ์™€ ํŠน์ • ๋†์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ณผ๋ฏผ๋ฐ˜์‘์ธ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์งˆํ™˜์ด๋ฉฐ, Hjorth ๋“ฑ(1968), Kleinman(1960), Matsushida(1980) ๋ฐ ์•ˆ ๋“ฑ(1980)์€ ๋†์•ฝ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์งˆํ™˜๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ๋ฏผ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์งˆํ™˜์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๋†์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ž‘์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๋†์•ฝ๊ณผ ์ ‘์ด‰์„ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋†์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‚˜, ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์ €์ž๋“ค์€ ๋†์•ผ๊ฒก ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ์ž‘๋œ ๋†๋ฏผ์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒฉํฌ์‹œํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž„์ƒ์— ์‘์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ฝ”์ž ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ „๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ค‘์ธ 180์—ฌ์ข…์˜ ๋†์•ฝ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๊ณผ์ˆ˜์šฉ ๋†์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ 14์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒฉํฌ์‹œํ—˜ ์ ํ•ฉ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ์ฃผ๋„ ๊ฐ๊ทค ์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋†๋ฏผ์˜ ๋†์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ž‘์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋‹ค

    The Limits of Hierarchical Hylomorphism

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ธ๋ฌธ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ(์„œ์–‘์ฒ ํ•™์ „๊ณต),2020. 2. ํ•œ์„ฑ์ผ.์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๋Œ€์ƒ ํ˜น์€ (๋ฌผ์งˆ์ ) ์‹ค์ฒด์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ˜•์ด์ƒํ•™์  ์ด๋ก ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ์‹ค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์„ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๋œ ๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” (์‹ค์ฒด์ ) ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ์ด๋ก ์—์„œ ํ˜•์ƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์‹ค์ฒด์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ, ์ง€์†์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๊ณผ๋ ฅ์˜ ์›์ฒœ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์  ์—ญํ• ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์  ์ด๋ก ๋“ค์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ† ๋งˆ์Šค์ฃผ์˜์  ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ๊ณผ ๊ณ„์ธต์  ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์˜ ๋‘ ์ง„์˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ์ง„์˜์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ค์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ง„๋ถ€๋ถ„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ž…์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋†“์—ฌ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ† ๋งˆ์Šค์ฃผ์˜์  ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ฒด๋Š” ์ œ์ผ์งˆ๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋–ค ์‹ค์ฒด๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ค์ฒด๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ ์ง„๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ณ„์ธต์  ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ฒด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ค์ฒด๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ค์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๋˜๋‹ค์‹œ ์งˆ๋ฃŒ-ํ˜•์ƒ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ์—, ์‹ค์ฒด๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๊ณ„์ธต์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์ธต์  ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์—์„œ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์ƒ์€ ํ† ๋งˆ์Šค์ฃผ์˜์  ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์—์„œ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์ƒ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์  ์—ญํ• ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๊ณ„์ธต์  ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์„ ์˜นํ˜ธํ•  ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„์น˜ ์•Š์Œ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์ธต์  ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ธ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ•œ๊ณ„๋“ค์„ ์ง€์ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ณ„์ธต์  ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ „์ฒด๋ก ์  ๋‹จ์ˆœ์ž๋“ค์„ ์งˆ๋ฃŒ-ํ˜•์ƒ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ์—, ๊ทธ ์ด๋ก ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ค์ฒด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ผํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์  ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ˜•์ƒ์ด ๋ณธ์งˆ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ค์ฒด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์ธต์  ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์งˆ๋ฃŒ-ํ˜•์ƒ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์‹ค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ค์ฒด๋“ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์–ด๋–ค ์‹ค์ฒด๋„ ๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‹ค์ฒด์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ „์ฒด๋ก ์  ๋‹จ์ˆœ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ณ„์ธต์  ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์—์„œ ํ˜•์ƒ์€, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋ฅผํ…Œ๋ฉด ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ์กด์žฌ๋ก ์  ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์˜ ์กด์žฌ์ž๋กœ์„œ ํ™˜์›์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ, ์‹ค์ฒด์˜ ์ง€์†์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กด์žฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์ง€์†์ด ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹ค์ฒด์˜ ์ง€์†์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ณ„์ธต์  ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์—์„œ ํ˜•์ƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์‹ค์ฒด์˜ ๋น„์ž‰์—ฌ์  ์ธ๊ณผ๋ ฅ์˜ ์›์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์ธต์  ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์‹ค์ฒด๋“ค์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ „์ฒด๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ํ•ฉ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ด๋ก ์ด ๊ณผ์ž‰๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ด๋ก ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณตํ•ฉ์  ์‹ค์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์€ ์ธ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ž‰์—ฌ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ท€๊ฒฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ํ•œ๊ณ„๋“ค์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณ„์ธต์  ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜จ๋‹นํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ž…์€ ๊ณ„์ธต์  ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ† ๋งˆ์Šค์ฃผ์˜์  ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก  ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.Hylomorphism holds that substances are compounds of matter and form. The main motivation for advocating hylomorphism is to account for substantial changes. However, form plays other important explanatory roles in the hylomorphism, such as being the ground for the nature, the principle of continuity, and the source of causal powers of the substance which has the form. I classify contemporary hylomorphic theories into two camps: Thomistic hylomorphism and hierarchical hylomorphism. The key difference between the two camps lies in their different commitment as to whether or not one substance can compose another distinct substance, i. e., be a proper part of it. According to Thomistic hylomorphism, substances are compounds of prime matter and form, and no substance has other substances as their parts. According to hierarchical hylomorphism, by contrast, substances are compounds of other substances and form, and those substances are matter-form compounds in the same way. Hence the compositional structures are hierarchical in hierarchical hylomorphism. I argue that form invoked in hierarchical hylomorphism has significant limits in fulfilling the theoretical roles which form invoked in Thomistic hylomorphism is able to fulfill, and consequently there is not enough motivation for advocating hierarchical hylomorphism. In this thesis, I point out three limits of hierarchical hylomorphism. First, Since mereological simples cannot be considered asย matter-form composites, hierarchical hylomorphism does not provide a single general hylomorphic model for all substances. In other words, the claim that form is the base of the essence is not generallyย applicable to all substances. According to hierarchical hylomorphism, the matter of a substance is other substances. However, it is inconsistent with the case of mereological simple, a substance which does not have any other substance as its part. Second, forms do not satisfactorily fulfill their role as the principle of persistence of substances in hierarchical hylomorphism, as long as the forms are reductively understood as entities of a more familiar ontological category, such as relation. Those entities like relations are hardly guaranteed to persist on their own, making it difficult to act as the principle of the persistence of substances. Third, in hierarchical hylomorphism, forms do not seem to play a role as the source of non-redundant causal powers of the substances having them. According to hierarchical hylomorphism, when the parts of each substance make up the whole, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. This makes it difficult for the theory to avoid the problem of overdetermination whereby the forms of some complex substances are causally inert or redundant. If pointing out these limits is pertinent criticism of hierarchical hylomorphism, then a more appropriate options open to us are, rather than accepting hierarchical hylomorphism, accepting Thomistic hylomorphism or rejecting hylomorphism altogether.๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ง 1 ์ œ 1 ์žฅ ๋‘ ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก  6 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์‹ค์ฒด์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก  6 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์งˆ๋ฃŒ: ์ œ์ผ์งˆ๋ฃŒ vs. ์‹ค์ฒด๋“ค 9 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ํ˜•์ƒ: ์ „๋ฉด์  ๊ฐœ์ž… vs. ํ™˜์›์  ์ดํ•ด 14 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์‹ค์ฒด: ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ์„ฑ vs. ๊ณ„์ธต์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 17 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ณธ์งˆ 21 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ์ด๋ฃธ์˜ ํผ์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ 21 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ์ด๋ฃธ์˜ ํผ์ฆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ๋งˆ์Šค์ฃผ์˜์  ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์˜ ๋‹ต๋ณ€ 28 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ ๊ณ„์ธต์  ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์˜ ๋‹ต๋ณ€๋“ค 32 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ „์ฒด๋ก ์  ๋‹จ์ˆœ์ž์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์€? 41 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์‹ค์ฒด์˜ ์ง€์† 46 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์‹ค์ฒด์˜ ํ†ต์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ๋™์ผ์„ฑ์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ 46 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์กด์Šคํ†ค์˜ ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก : ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ 48 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ํŒŒ์ธ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก : ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ณผ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ 59 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์ฝ”์Šฌ๋ฆฌํ‚ค์˜ ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก : ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ์กด์žฌ๋ก ์  ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ 65 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๋น„์ž‰์—ฌ์  ์ธ๊ณผ๋ ฅ 68 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ธ๊ณผ์  ๊ณผ์ž‰๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ 68 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ณ„์ธต์  ์งˆ๋ฃŒํ˜•์ƒ๋ก ์—์„œ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ์ธ๊ณผ์  ๋ฌด๋ ฅํ•จ 74 ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ง 82 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 85 Abstract 92Maste

    ์ €์‚ฐ์†Œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ํ™œ์„ฑ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ข… ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํฌ๋„๋‹น ๊ฒฐํ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ์œ ๋„๋˜๋Š” ์•”์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ ์–ต์ œ

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    Dept. of Medicine/์„์‚ฌOvercoming metabolic stress is a critical step for solid tumor growth. However, the underlying mechanisms of cell death and survival under metabolic stress are not well understood. In this study, we observed that hypoxia-exposed cancer cells showed increased survival under glucose deprivation accompanied by reduced SAPK/JNK signaling pathway, high NADPH/NADP ratio compared with glucose-deprived cells under normoxic condition. Since antioxidant NAC (sodium acetyl cysteine) rescued glucose deprivation-induced cell death, we measured ROS level of hypoxia-exposed cells under glucose deprivation. Glucose-deprived cells showed drastic increase of ROS production in normoxia whereas hypoxia-exposed cells showed moderate increase of ROS after glucose deprivation although basal ROS production is higher in hypoxic cells under normal glucose condition. These data indicate that hypoxic cells are resistant to glucose deprivation-induced cell death probably through regulating redox balance.ope

    A Comparative Study on the Dermal Reactions in Leprosy Patients to the Cell Wall Antigens of Mycobacterium Leprae and other 9 Species of Mycobacteria

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    The present study was carried out to investigate the specificity of cell wall antigen of M. leprae and to access the degree of association in the dermal reactions of leprosy patients to the cell wall antigens. of 10 species of mycobacteria including M. leprae. The cell wall antigens were prepared from M. leprae, M. kansasii, M. vaccae. M. marinum, M. scrofulaseum, M. tuberculosis, M. fortuitum, M. phlei, M. smegmatis and Bacillus Calmette Guerin by passing 5 timesthrough a French Pressure Cell Press at 18,000 lbs/ inch", The mycobacterial cell wall antigens were injected intradermally on 124 leprosy patients(77 lepromatous. and 47 tuberculoid) and the results of the early(Feยท rnandez) and the late (Mitsuda) reactions were recorded 72 hours and 28 days later, respectively. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The deficiency of the early(Fernandezl and the late (Mitsuda) reactivity in lepromatous type patients to mycobacterial cell wall antigens was species specific for M. leprae. 2. The reactivities of lepromatous type patients tocell wall antigens of 10 species of mycobacteria' were generally lower than those of tuberculoid' patients. 3. In the early(Fernandez) reaction of 124 leprosy patients to cell wall antigens, M. leprae showed' significant association (p<0.05) with M. kansasii, M. VQccae, M. smegmatis, M. phlei, M. marinum and M. fortuitum. And in late (Mitsuda) reaction, M. leprae showed significant associationtp-C 0.05) with M. phlei, M. f'ortuitum and M. kansasii, Of the mycobacteria, which showed significant association in the early (Fernandez) and in the late (Mitsuda) reactions, M. f'ortuitum showed the highest sensitivity and M. kansasii the highest specificity
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