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    Effect of Culture Conditions on Mycotoxin Production and Inhibition of Mycotoxin by Coculture

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์–‘ํ•™๊ณผ, 2016. 8. ์ง€๊ทผ์–ต.Ochratoxin A์™€ aflatoxin์€ ํ†ต์ œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํšจ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ํ’ˆ์ด ๊ณฐํŒก์ด ๋…์†Œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด์— ์˜ค์—ผ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด ๋…์†Œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ท ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ณ„์—†์ด ๋ฐœํšจ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜ starter๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฒ€์ถœ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Ochratoxin A์€ ๊ตญ์ œ์•”์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ(IARC)์—์„œ group 2B์˜ ๋ฐœ์•”๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์ง€์ •๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค. aflatoxin B1์€ ์•…์„ฑ ์ข…์–‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” group 1์˜ ๋ฐœ์•”๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋ฉฐ ํƒœ์•„์˜ ๊ธฐํ˜•์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด ๋…์†Œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹ํ’ˆ๊ณต์ „์— ํ—ˆ์šฉ์–‘์ด ์ •ํ•ด์ ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” Aspergillus usamii FMB S999 (A. 999), A. awamori FMB S983 (A. 983), A. flavus FMB S41403 (A. 41403), A. oryzae FMB S46471 (A. 46471) ์„ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๊ณฐํŒก์ด ๋…์†Œ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ LAB์™€ S. cerevisiae๋ฅผ A. 41403๊ณผ ๊ณต๋™๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜์—ฌ aflatoxin ์–ต์ œ์— ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ท ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. A. 999, A. 983๋Š” potato dextrose agar (PDA), czapek yeast extract agar (CYA) ๋ฐฐ์ง€์—์„œ 10โ„ƒ, 20โ„ƒ, 30โ„ƒ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ 10์ผ, 20์ผ, 30์ผ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Aflatoxin ์ƒ์‚ฐ์—๋Š” potato dextrose broth(PDB), czapek yeast extract broth (CYB)๋ฐฐ์ง€๋ฅผ pH 4.0, pH 6.0, pH 8.0์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  A. 41403์™€ A. 46471๋ฅผ ์ ‘์ข…ํ•˜์—ฌ 10โ„ƒ, 20โ„ƒ, 30โ„ƒ์—์„œ 10์ผ, 20์ผ, 30์ผ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 23๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ Lactobacillus ์† ๋ฐ S. cerevisiae๋ฅผ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•œ de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth ์— A. 41403๊ณผ ๊ณต๋™ ์ ‘์ข…ํ•˜์—ฌ 30โ„ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. A. 46471๋Š” ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ aflatoxin์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. A. 999, A. 983๋Š” 30โ„ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ochratoxin A๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. A. 999๋Š” CYA๋ฐฐ์ง€์—์„œ ochratoxin A๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ A. 983์€ PDA ๋ฐฐ์ง€์—์„œochratoxin A๋ฅผ ๋” ์ ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Aflatoxin ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์—ญ์‹œ 30โ„ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 40โ„ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜ ์ƒ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—†์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋…์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต๋™ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•œ 23๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ท ์ฃผ ์ค‘ 20๊ฐ€์ง€์—์„œ aflatoxin์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. LAB ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” S. cerevisiae์—์„œ ๋” ๋†’์€ ์ €ํ•ด์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ S. cerevisiae KCTC 7904์™€L. acidophilus KCTC 3142 ๊ท ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ochratoxin A์™€ aflatoxin์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณฐํŒก์ด ๋…์†Œ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ท ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Ochratoxin A and aflatoxin may be detected from naturally fermented foods due to the contamination of the mycotoxin-producing molds or un-prudential use of the mycotoxin producing starter strains during the fermentation. This study was carried out to analyze the production of ochratoxin A and aflatoxin, and inhibition of aflatoxin by coculture with LAB and S. cerevisiae. For the experiment, the effect of different temperature, culture media, and fermentation time on the production of ochratoxin A by Aspergillus usamii FMB S999 and A. awamori FMB S983. Additionally, the production of aflatoxin was assessed under the various temperature, initial pH, fermentation time and culture media during fermentation time by A. flavus FMB S41403 and A. oryzae FMB S46471. The levels of ochratoxin A and aflatoxin were analyzed by HPLC. The result showed that the production of mycotoxin and colony diameter was greatly affected by the fermentation temperature. A. oryzae FMB S46471 did not produce aflatoxin. All of the mycotoxin producing strains showed the highest level of mycotoxin at 30โ„ƒ. Although the experimented Aspergillus grew well, they did not produce mycotoxin at 40โ„ƒ. A. usamii FMB S999 showed low level of ochratoxin A in CYA media in 30โ„ƒ. However, A. awamori FMB S983 produced lower level of ochratoxin A in PDA media than CYA media in 30โ„ƒ. Lactobacillus sp. and S. cerevisiae were show to inhibit the growth and aflatoxin production of A. 41403. S. cerevisiae had a better inhibition ability then LAB. This study showed that the most proper strains were S. cerevisiae KCTC 7904 and L. acidophilus KCTC 3142. The results of the present study may be useful for the reduction of ochratoxin A and aflatoxin in various foods and reference for selecting coculture strains.1. ์„œ๋ก  1 2. ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 5 2.1. ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ท ์ฃผ 5 2.2. ๋ฐฐ์ง€ ์ œ์กฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์กฐ๊ฑด 6 2.3. ์ƒ์žฅ ๋ถ„์„ 7 2.4. ๊ณฐํŒก์ด ๋…์†Œ ์ถ”์ถœ 8 2.5. Ochratoxin A์™€ aflatoxin ์ •๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„ 9 2.6. ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 10 3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 14 3.1. ๋ฐฐ์–‘์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ochratoxin A์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜ ์ƒ์žฅ 14 3.2. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ A. 41403์˜ ๋…์†Œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด์กฐ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ 24 3.2. A. 41403๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ณต๋™ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ 36 4. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  44 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 46 Abstract 51Maste

    ์ž์Œ์กฐํ™”์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋Š” ํƒ€๊ฒŸ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์„ฑ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์–ธ์–ดํ•™๊ณผ ์–ธ์–ดํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2016. 2. ์ „์ข…ํ˜ธ.Consonant harmony refers to non-local assimilation between consonants: for instance, in Kera, /kษ™-dร :rษ™อ€/ friend becomes [gษ™-dร :rษ™อ€], in which a nominalizing prefix /k-/ takes on the voicing of the following stem-initial voiced stop /d/. As seen in Kera, there are triggers that cause other sounds to change, and the targets that undergo the change, under the influence of triggers. The present study investigates restrictions on the type of target and trigger consonants. Suppose that A and B are potential target consonants. If A undergoes consonant harmony (Aโ€ฆB โ†’ Bโ€ฆB) whereas B doesnt (B... A โ†’ Bโ€ฆA, not * A โ€ฆ A), A would be considered a preferred target (or B would be a preferred trigger). This kind of target asymmetry is observed in consonant harmony whereby only certain types of consonants are preferred as targets. This study concerns a question of whether and why target asymmetries exist in consonant harmony typology. In order to address this question, I conducted a cross-linguistic survey. From the survey results, I found target asymmetries in the following three types of consonant harmony: sibilant, retroflex, and nasal consonant harmony. In sibilant consonant harmony whereby place assimilation occurs between alveolar sibilants ([s, z, ts, tz]) and palatal sibilants ([โˆซ, ส’, tโˆซ, dส’]), it is observed that alveolar sibilants are more likely to be targets, whereas palatal ones are more likely to be triggers. Of 25 languages in my survey, 15 languages reveal the target asymmetry in which only alveolar sibilants are targets, to the exclusion of palatal sibilants (e.g. Sarcee, /siฬ€-tสƒoฬgoฬ€/ โ†’ [สƒiฬ€tสƒoฬgoฬ€] my flank, but /siฬ-tสƒiฬz-aฬ€ส”/ โ†’ [สƒiฬtสƒiฬdzaฬ€ส”], *[siฬtziฬdzaฬ€ส”] my duck (Hansson 2001)). On the other hand, the rest 10 languages show symmetric harmony in which both alveolar and palatal sibilants are equally targeted (e.g. Navajo, /si-dส’eฬ:ส”/ โ†’ [สƒidส’eฬ:ส”] they lie (slender stiff objects), and /j-iสƒ-mas/โ†’ [jismas] Im rolling along (Hansson 2001)). Significantly, however, the opposite case of asymmetric situation whereby only palatal sibilants are targeted is not attested in any language in the survey. Similar kind of target asymmetry is also observed in retroflex and nasal consonant harmony. In retroflex consonant harmony, non-retroflex consonants such as dental or alveolar stops and nasals (/d, t, n/ and /dฬช, tฬช, nฬช/) are more likely to be targets, whereas their retroflex counterparts (/ษ–, สˆ, ษณ/) are more likely to be triggers. In nasal consonant harmony, non-nasal consonants such as plain stops (/b, d, g, p, t, k/) and liquid consonants (/l, r/) are more likely to be targets, while nasal consonants (/m, n, ล‹/) are more likely to be triggers. Based on these survey results, I conclude that the observed target asymmetries should be expressed as the following implicational statements: i) If palatal sibilants are targets of consonant harmony, so are alveolar sibilants. ii) If retroflex consonants are targets of consonant harmony, so are non-retroflex consonants. iii) If nasal consonants are targets of consonant harmony, so are non-nasal consonants. Inspired by phonetically-based Optimality Theory (Hayes, Kirchner and Steriade 2004), I investigate perceptibility variation in contexts where consonant harmony typically occurs. Based on this investigation, I argue that the target asymmetries are perceptually motivated and can be well understood under P-map hypothesis (Steriade 2001, 2009). The upshot of P-map is that perceptually prominent phonological change is avoided. In Optimality-Theoretic terms, faithfulness constraints preventing more prominent perceptual change invariably outrank those prohibiting less perceptual change. In line with P-map, I claim that consonant harmony is a process preferring less perceptual modification. Various phonetic research show that some phonological features have prolonged phonetic cue spanning over multi-segmental domains, among which the features relevant to palatal, retroflex, and nasal consonants are included. I assert that consonants with prolonged phonetic cue (i.e. more likely triggers of consonant harmony) may weaken perceptibility of the relevant features in nearby consonants and make them less perceptible. This means that phonetic cue of relevant phonological features is weaker before the consonants with long cue (i.e. palatal sibilants, retroflex consonants, and nasal consonants) than before the consonants without long cue. Reflecting this contextual perceptibility variation, constraints for the corresponding contexts are projected and universally ranked by P-map. The faithfulness constraints prohibiting phonological change before alveolar sibilants, non-retroflex consonants, and non-nasal consonants universally outrank those prohibiting change before palatal sibilants, retroflex consonants, and nasal consonants, respectively. To take an example of sibilant consonant harmony, ID-IO (anterior/__s) is universally ranked above ID-IO (anterior/__โˆซ), explaining a cross-linguistic tendency that faithfulness for anteriority is weaker before palatal sibilants than before alveolar sibilants. Moreover, language-specific consonant harmony patterns are also explained by interaction of these constraints with IDENT-CC, which induces consonant harmony. When IDENT-CC dominates the two ID-IO faithfulness constraints, consonant harmony occurs all the time, regardless of the type of triggers and targets. When it is ranked between the two ID-IO faithfulness constraints, only the alveolar sibilants are targeted, revealing target asymmetry patterns. Finally, when IDENT-CC is dominated by the two ID-IO faithfulness constraints, consonant harmony do not occur at all. The target asymmetries in retroflex and nasal consonant harmony are similarly analyzed: ID-IO (anterior/_d) โ‰ซ ID-IO (anterior/_ษ–), and their interaction with IDENT-CC in retroflex consonant harmony, and ID-IO (nasal/_d) โ‰ซ ID-IO (nasal/_n), and their interaction with IDENT-CC in nasal consonant harmony. Note that this analysis predicts the absence of the pattern in which palatal sibilants, retroflex consonants, and nasal consonants are exclusively targeted in consonant harmony. The analysis accounts for all and only the attested patterns of consonant harmony typology. Both universal and language-specific patterns are explained in terms of proposed constraint interaction.1. Introduction 1 2. Typology 4 2.1. Overview of the survey 4 2.2. Patterns with target asymmetries 4 2.2.1. Sibilant consonant harmony 6 2.2.2. Retroflex consonant harmony 10 2.2.3. Nasal consonant harmony 14 2.2.4. Summary 18 2.3. Patterns with no target asymmetries 19 2.3.1. Non-sibilant coronal consonant harmony 20 2.3.2. Dorsal consonant harmony 22 2.3.3. Secondary articulation consonant harmony 24 2.3.4. Liquid consonant harmony 27 2.3.5. Stricture consonant harmony 32 2.3.6. Laryngeal consonant harmony 37 2.3.7. Summary 39 3. Phonetic and Perceptual Basis 40 3.1. Phonetic grounding: contextual perceptibility variation 41 3.2. Asymmetry in perceptibility of phonological features 44 3.3. Summary 46 4. Analysis 48 4.1. Preliminaries 48 4.1.1. Correspondence-based approach 49 4.1.2. P-map 54 4.2. Proposal 57 4.3. Summary 65 5. Conclusion 66 References 67 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 70Maste

    ์ผ๊ฐœ ๋„์‹œ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ†ต์ œ์œ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ(๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™์ „๊ณต),2008. 8.Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ข…๊ตํ•™๊ณผ,1998.Maste

    Comparative study of infection,admission and death according as hemodialysis patients used arteriovenous fistula or central venous catheter at their initial hemodialysis

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ(๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2011.8. ๊น€ํ˜ธ.Maste

    Significance of Protestant Discourses on Culture in Contemporary Korea

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    ๋ฌธํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋– ๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 21์„ธ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ผ์ปฌ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์ณ๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ข…๊ต์˜ ์˜์—ญ๋„ ๋ณ„๋ฐ˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์•„์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ข…๊ต๋“ค์ด ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ข…๊ต๋ฌธํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…๊นŒ์ง€ ์ถœํ˜„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ํŒ๋‹จ ํ•˜์—, ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต์˜ ๋ฌธํ™” ๋‹ด๋ก ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„๋Œ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข…๊ต๋‹ค ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต์˜ . ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์ด๋ฉฐ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹ ํ•™์  ๋‹ด๋ก ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต ์‹ ํ•™์—์„œ ๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ๋ณต์Œ์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ตฌ์›ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณต์Œ์€ ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฌธํ™” ์†์—์„œ ์‹คํ˜„๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ œ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ๋ณต์Œ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณต์Œ์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š๋ƒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณต์Œ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ๋ณต์Œ์„ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์žฅ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต์ธ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค ์†์—์„œ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.This article analyzes Protestant discourses about culture to elucidate its significance. As the use of the term culture became predominant, Protestantism has constructed and justified its religiosity in relation with culture. Traditionally, culture was a very important subject in Protestantism, and therefore it has the long-standing theological discourses. This paper first examines the ways in which the Western theology have considered the relation between Protestantism and culture. Then it focuses on how Protestant discourses about culture emerged and developed in Korean history. Scholars of Protestantism in the 1960s made efforts to define the culture of Korean Protestantism, which included the studies of indigenization and Cultural Theology. The 1990s saw the emergence of Protestant discourses about popular culture that insisted on transformation of popular culture. The Protestant discourses about culture presuppose a binary distinction between Christianity and culture, which claim that both traditional and popular cultures are negative and they should be overcome. However, such discourses entail the risk of a lack of communication only to ghettoize the religion

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํฌ๋ก ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ธ์‹, ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ จ ์ง€์‹, ์ž๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ๋„๋œ ์„œ์ˆ ์  ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. 2017๋…„ ์„œ์šธ ์†Œ์žฌ์˜ ์ผ ์ƒ๊ธ‰์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์†Œํ™”๊ธฐ๋‚ด๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ž˜์— ๋‚ด์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž 96๋ช…์„ ํŽธ์˜ํ‘œ์ง‘ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ธ์‹์€Weinman, Petrie, Moss-Morris, & Horne(1996)์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ Broadbent, Petriee, Main & Weinman(2006)์ด ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•œ Brief illness perception questionnaire๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์—ฐ์‹ค๊ณผ ์ด์˜ํœ˜(2011)๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์•ˆํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ จ ์ง€์‹์€ Yoon ๋“ฑ(2017)์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜ ์ง€์‹ ๋„๊ตฌ(Inflammatory bowel disease-related knowledge)๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๋ฐ ์›น ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์™€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” SPSS 24.0 ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋นˆ๋„, ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ, ํ‰๊ท , ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson's correlation์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋‚จ์„ฑ(70.8%), ๋ฏธํ˜ผ(62.5%), ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์กธ์—…์ž ์ด์ƒ(77.1%)์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ‰๊ท  ์—ฐ๋ น์€ 33.64ยฑ10.47์„ธ์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ ํ›„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ํ‰๊ท  8.69ยฑ6.13๋…„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํฌ๋ก ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ž…์› ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋Š” 79.2%, ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋Š” 44.8%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ํ™œ๋™๋„๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ด€ํ•ด๊ธฐ(65.6%) ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ค‘์ธ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์€ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์ ˆ์ œ 55.2%, ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ œ์ œ 51.0%, ํ•ญ์—ผ์ฆ์ œ 34.4%, ์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์ œ 9.4%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 2. ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ธ์‹์€ ์ด 80์  ๋งŒ์ ์— 38.48ยฑ6.47์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ํ•˜์œ„ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์  ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ(timeline) 8.01ยฑ1.98์ , ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ(identify) 7.59ยฑ2.12์  ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ์น˜๋ฃŒ์  ์กฐ์ ˆ(treatment control)์€ 1.88ยฑ1.66์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ค‘ ๋™๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ, ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์กธ์—… ์ง‘๋‹จ, ์ž…์› ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ, ์ž…์› ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 5ํšŒ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ, ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ํ™œ๋™๋„๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋“ฑ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ค‘์ฆ ํ™œ๋™๋„ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ธ์‹ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. 3. ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ จ ์ง€์‹์€ ์ด 21์  ๋งŒ์ ์— ํ‰๊ท  14.40ยฑ3.50์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์ƒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์œ„ ์˜์—ญ ์ค‘ ์ˆ˜์ˆ (86.5%), ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…(81.3%) ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋‹ต๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ์ž„์‹ ๊ณผ ์ถœ์‚ฐ(44.8%)์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ •๋‹ต๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ค‘ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์กธ์—… ์ด์ƒ ์ง‘๋‹จ, ์ž…์› ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 5ํšŒ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ์ง‘๋‹จ, ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ จ ๊ต์œก ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ, ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์‹์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. 4. ์ž๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ์ด 88์  ๋งŒ์ ์— 61.26ยฑ8.59์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์œ„ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ์˜์—ญ 3.62ยฑ0.45์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ์ด์–ด์„œ ๊ธˆ์—ฐ ์˜์—ญ 3.61ยฑ0.90์  ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ง€์ง€ ์˜์—ญ์€ 1.72ยฑ0.57์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜์œ„ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์กธ์—… ์ด์ƒ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์šด๋™, ๊ธˆ์—ฐ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ , ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ จ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์šด๋™ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. 5. ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์ž๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ–‰์œ„์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€์  ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค(r=-.208, p=.042). 6. ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ จ ์ง€์‹์€ ์ž๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ–‰์œ„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์–‘์  ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ จ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์ž๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ–‰์œ„์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์˜์—ญ์ธ ๊ธˆ์—ฐ(r=.220, p=.032), ์•ฝ๋ฌผ(r=.202, p=.048), ๊ธˆ์ฃผ(r=.204, p=.046), ์šด๋™(r=.285, p=.005), ์‹์ด(r=.203, p=.047), ์ง€์ง€(r=.218, p=.033)์™€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์–‘์  ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ํฌ๋ก ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ž๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ–‰์œ„ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ จ ์ง€์‹์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ์ค‘์žฌ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ถ”ํ›„ ํฌ๋ก ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํฌ๋ก ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ด€ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.open์„

    The Discourses of Orthodoxy and Heresy in Modern Korean Christianity

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    ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„๊ต์—์„œ ์ „๊ฐœ๋˜๋Š” ์ •ํ†ต๊ณผ ์ด๋‹จ ๋‹ด๋ก ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ข…๊ตํ•™์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„๊ต๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ข…๊ต์‚ฌ์  ์ „๊ฐœ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ, ์ด๋‹จ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •ํ†ต์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์™”๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋งˆ ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ข…๊ต๋กœ ๊ธ‰๋ถ€์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ œ๋„์ข…๊ต์˜ ๊ธฐํ‹€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„๊ต๋Š” ๊ณต์˜ํšŒ(Council)์˜ ๊ฒฐ์˜๋กœ ์ •ํ†ต ๊ต๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•ด ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ”๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋‹จ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์†์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ์ด๋‹จ์€ ์˜ˆ์ „์˜ ๊ตํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ทœ์ •ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ด๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋‹ฎ์€๊ผด์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ™œํ•œ ์ด๋‹จ์„ ๋ช…๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„๊ต์˜ ์ข…ํŒŒ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ, ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต๋Š” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์„ ์‹ ์•™์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต๋Š”, ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ข…๊ต์  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ถŒ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ƒ๋ถ€ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์—†๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ถŒ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์น˜ ํ•˜์— ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•ด์„์„ ์—ฟ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตํŒŒ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •ํ†ต์ด ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฎ๊ฐœ ์•„๋ž˜ ํฌ์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋„๊ต์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…ํŒŒ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ •ํ†ต๊ณผ ์ด๋‹จ์˜ ๋‹ด๋ก ์—์„œ ๋” ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ข…๊ต ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ •ํ†ต๊ณผ ์ด๋‹จ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต๊ฐ€ ์ ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ๊ณผ์–ธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต์˜ ์ด๋‹จ ๋‹ด๋ก ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ์ด๋‹จ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํƒ€์ž ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ •ํ†ต์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต์˜ ์ด๋‹จ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”, ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต ์‹ ํ•™ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์™”๋‹ค. ์‹ ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์„์‚ฌ ํ•™์œ„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ํ•„๋‘๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์‹ ํ•™์ž ๋ฐ ์ด๋‹จ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋‹จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ—ค์•„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถ•์ฒ™๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ ์ธ ํŒ๋‹จ ์ „์ œ ํ•˜์— ์ด๋‹จ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ข…๊ตํ•™์˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋Š” ์ •์ง„ํ™์˜ ใ€Œ์ •ํ†ต๊ณผ ์ด๋‹จ์˜ ๋…ผ์˜ใ€, ์ด์ง„๊ตฌ์˜ ใ€Œํ•œ๊ตญ์ข…๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต๊ณ„ ์‹ ์ข…๊ตใ€, ์กฐํ˜„๋ฒ” ใ€Œ์‚ฌ์ด๋น„ ์ข…๊ต๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ฐฐ: ์ง„์งœ ์ข…๊ต, ๊ฐ€์งœ ์ข…๊ตใ€ ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ํŽผ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต์˜ ์ •ํ†ต ์ด๋‹จ ๋‹ด๋ก ์ด ํ•œ ์ข…๊ต์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž„์„ ์ง€์ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธ€์€ ์ข…๊ตํ•™ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต์™€ ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต๊ณ„ ์‹ ์ข…๊ต๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹ด๋ก  ์ „๊ฐœ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. This paper aims to analyze the discourses of orthodoxy and heresy in modern Korean Christianity, particularly in Protestantism, to understand the characteristics. Protestantism agrees on the authority of the Bible but it has no single standard to decide orthodoxy and heresy, which has resulted in the rise of many denominations and diverse interpretations of the Bible. However, the Protestant Church in Korea has been making continuous arguments about heresy, and Korean society has accepted the decisions made by the Protestant Church. Thus, heresy is not merely a religious idea but a social idea. Although various organizations distinguish heresy from orthodoxy in different ways, they have a common list of heretical groups. The genealogy of heresy is based on historical affinity and religious similarity: the former means the generalization that heresy come from heresy, and the latter means that heretical groups share similar dogmatic explanations and mystical experiences with each other. Therefore, many Protestant churches educate their members on the dangers of heresy in order to protect their members against heresy and to prevent heresy from their churches, For the Protestant Church in Korea, heresy is not an object of reflection but the infectious virus causing diseases. Meanwhile, in the place of heretics, heresy is a disgraceful title but it is also a meaningful ordeal in terms of religion. New religions names heresy by Protestants use strategies to remove their notoriety. For example, they raise questions about the authority of orthodoxy with powerful demonstrations. They focus on the overseas missionary work because their propagation is less restricted in some foreign countries than in Korea. Thus, they try to have systematic organizations of authority like the orthodox Protestantism
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