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    The burden of disease associated by hypertension and cost-effectiveness analysis of adding non-pharmaceutical interventions with medications to control blood pressure

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    Background: Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases and the number of people suffering from it is steadily increasing in South Korea. Hypertension patients experience incidence of chronic disease, such as cardiovascular disease (โ€œCVDโ€), that increase both medical and economic burdens. There are a variety of intervention programs that increase patient awareness of and control over their blood pressure to manage hypertension. However, no studies have compared such programs and analyzed their cost-effectiveness. Therefore, this study identified the burden of CVD among hypertensive patients and determined whether adding non-pharmaceutical intervention is acceptable to patients to control their blood pressure using cost-effectiveness analysis. Methods: The sample population in this study was hypertensive patients at least 30 years old. Cardiovascular disease was defined as cerebrovascular disease (I60-69), heart failure (I50), myocardial infarction (I21-24) and chronic kidney disease (N18). To determine the disease burden of hypertension, the YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were calculated. The incidence-based method to calculated YLDs was used. DALYs were used to calculate the burden of CVD caused by hypertension. This study examined the cost-effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions for controlling blood pressure using a Markov model. The definitions and effects of the intervention program were established by citing previous studies. We selected self-monitoring, education, and reminder service as interventions to control blood pressure. The most cost-effective alternative was selected and the analysis was set to the limited social perspective. One-year and lifetime analysis periods were used in this study and QALY was an effectiveness variable. The costs were intervention program budgets and the medical and non-medical costs of hypertension and CVD. Results: The incidence and mortality of CVD in hypertensive patients were the highest in cerebrovascular disease at the age-standardized rate (male: 29.77 person-year/1,000 persons (incidence), 3.71 person-year/1,000 persons (mortality); women: 34.91 person-year/1,000 persons (incidence), 3.47 person-year/1,000 persons (mortality)). Cerebrovascular disease DALY of hypertensive patients was the highest in both men and women; Male: cerebrovascular disease 345,613.88 person-year, HF 51,200.68 person-year, MI 60,054.97 person-year, CKD 154,978.85 person-year; Women: Cerebrovascular diseases 275,955.68 person-year, HF 63,844.58 person-year, MI 28,474.15 person-year, CKD 106,402.20 person-year. In this study, YLLs due to premature death were the majority of DALYs. In the cost-effectiveness analysis of the intervention program for blood pressure control, the ICER was 12,781,508 KRW when the reminder service was combined with the medication treatment. This has led to the same results, even though various uncertainty analyses have been conducted. Conclusion: This study showed that the burden of cerebrovascular disease among hypertensive patients was high and the YLLs to premature death were significantly high. Reminder service with medication was the most cost-effective methods for controlling blood pressure. In other words, it can be interpreted as sufficient to introduce additional reminder services to hypertensive patients. The results of this study can be used as a basis hypertension and CVD management and prevention policy. This study faced some limitations so its results should be interpreted carefully and further research on the subject should be conducted. ์„œ๋ก : ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์œ ๋ณ‘ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ด€๋ จ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์€ ๋‹จ์ผ์ƒ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฌ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ฌ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ด€๋ จ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ๋กœ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€์œจ, ์กฐ์ ˆ์œจ ๋ฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์œจ์„ ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ์˜ ๋น„์šฉํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌดํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ํ˜ˆ์•• ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋น„์šฉํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•: ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜๊ณต๋‹จ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ •๋ณด๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ์ƒ๋ช…ํ‘œ ๋“ฑ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ 30์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ํ™˜์ž(I10)๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ฌ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜์€ ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜(I60-69), ์‹ฌ๋ถ€์ „(I50), ์‹ฌ๊ทผ๊ฒฝ์ƒ‰(I21-24), ๋งŒ์„ฑ์‹ ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜(N18)์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์‹ฌ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜์˜ YLL, YLD, DALY๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์•• ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋น„์šฉํšจ๊ณผ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ์ฝฅ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ •์˜์™€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋กœ๋Š” ๋น„์•ฝ๋ฌผ์  ์š”๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ๊ต์œก, ๋ฆฌ๋งˆ์ธ๋” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋กœ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น„์šฉํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ถ„์„ ๊ด€์ ์€ ์ œํ•œ์  ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1๋…„์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์™€ ํ‰์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” QALY๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น„์šฉ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„, ๋น„์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์šฉ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ฌ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์€ ์—ฐ๋ นํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”๋น„์œจ๋กœ ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค (๋‚จ์„ฑ: 29.77์ธ๋…„/1,000๋ช…(๋ฐœ์ƒ), 3.71์ธ๋…„/1,000๋ช…(์‚ฌ๋ง); ์—ฌ์„ฑ: 34.91์ธ๋…„/1,000๋ช…(๋ฐœ์ƒ), 3.47์ธ๋…„/1,000๋ช…(์‚ฌ๋ง)). ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์‹ฌ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜ DALY๋กœ๋Š” ๋‚จ๋…€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. (๋‚จ์„ฑ: ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜ 221,938.98์ธ๋…„, HF 37,127.45์ธ๋…„, MI 41,197.93์ธ๋…„, CKD 114,429.18์ธ๋…„; ์—ฌ์„ฑ: ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜ 186,096.67์ธ๋…„, HF 40,521,86์ธ๋…„, MI 17,882.92์ธ๋…„, CKD 99,575.16์ธ๋…„) ํŠนํžˆ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋ถ€๋‹ด์— ์žˆ์–ด ์กฐ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ง์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ YLL์ด DALY์—์„œ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ์•• ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋น„์šฉํšจ๊ณผ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์š”๋ฒ•๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฆฌ๋งˆ์ธ๋” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ICER๊ฐ’์€ 12,781,508์›์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์Œ์—๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก : ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ, ์กฐ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ง์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฆฌ๋งˆ์ธ๋” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋น„์šฉํšจ๊ณผ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฆฌ๋งˆ์ธ๋” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์งˆํ™˜์ž์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜ˆ์•• ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ค‘์žฌํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๋น„์šฉํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์— ํฐ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ๋ฐ ์‹ฌ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•  ๋•Œ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ ํ•ด์„์— ์žˆ์–ด ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ œํ•œ์ ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.open๋ฐ•

    Evaluation of skeletal maturity of the cervical vertebrae and the hand-wrist depending on vertical facial types

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    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๊ต์ • ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ฐœ์œก ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ต์ •์น˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ธก๋ชจ๋‘๋ถ€๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์™„๋ถ€๊ณจ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ง์  ์•ˆ๋ชจ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณจ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฒฝ์ถ”๊ณจ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์™„๋ถ€๊ณจ ๊ฐ„ ๊ณจ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ์  I๊ธ‰ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” 7-9์„ธ์˜ ์—ฌ์•„ 59๋ช…์„ ๋‘๊ฐœ์ €์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•˜์•…ํ‰๋ฉด๊ฐ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ low angle group(33.0ยฐ๋ฏธ๋งŒ), normal angle group(33.0ยฐ์ด์ƒ 41.0ยฐ๋ฏธ๋งŒ), high angle group(41.0ยฐ์ด์ƒ)์˜ ์„ธ ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๊ตฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณจ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์™„๋ถ€๊ณจ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ SMI(skeletal maturity indicators)์™€ TW(Tanner-Whitehouse)3๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ณจ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ธก๋ชจ๋‘๋ถ€๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ CVMI(cervical vertebrae maturation indicators)๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์ˆ˜์™„๋ถ€๊ณจ ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ SMI์™€ TW3 bone age ๋ชจ๋‘ high angle group์—์„œ low angle group๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(p 0.05). 3. ํ•˜์•…ํ‰๋ฉด๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ณจ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„(SMI, TW3, CVMI)๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์•ฝํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค(r =0.391, 0.333, 0.259). ์ˆ˜์ง์  ์•ˆ๋ชจ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๊ณจ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„ ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์•ฝํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์™„๋ถ€๊ณจ ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€์‹œ high angle group์—์„œ low angle group๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณจ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์ง์  ์•ˆ๋ชจ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์ถ”๊ณจ ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง์  ์•ˆ๋ชจ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ฐœ์œก์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์‹œ ์ˆ˜์™„๋ถ€๊ณจ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ถ”๊ณจ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณจ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.open์„

    Effect of Health Insurance Benefit Extension for Cardiovascular and Cerebral Disease Patients on Equity in Utilization and Payment

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ, 2015. 2. ๊ถŒ์ˆœ๋งŒ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์‹ฌ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ธˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์ค‘์ฆ์งˆํ™˜ ๋ณด์žฅ์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์ •์ฑ…์ด ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„๋ถ€๋‹ด ๋ฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ๋น„๊ธ‰์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ง€์ถœ๋‹จ์œ„์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๊ณผ๋ถ€๋‹ด์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์†Œ๋“๊ณ„์ธต๋ณ„๋กœ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๋ฏธ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. 2010๋…„ 1์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œํ–‰๋œ ๋ณธ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜๋ฃŒํŒจ๋„ 2009๋…„๊ณผ 2010๋…„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ •์ฑ… ์ „ํ›„๋กœ ์‹ฌ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ๊ฐ„์งˆํ™˜ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ถ”์ค„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์› ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ด์ค‘์ฐจ์ด๋ถ„์„(DID)๊ณผ ์‚ผ์ค‘์ฐจ์ด๋ถ„์„(DDD)๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ •์ฑ… ์‹œํ–‰ ์ดํ›„ ์ž…์›์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์™ธ๋ž˜์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๊ณผ๋ถ€๋‹ด์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ž…์›์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์†Œ๋“์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‹ฌ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ธˆ์ด ์†Œ๋“์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์€ ํ™˜์ž์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋œ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ์ธ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ธˆ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋‡Œํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜ ๋ณด์žฅ์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์ •์ฑ…์ด ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž…์›์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†Œ๋“์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์€ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฌ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์ œ์–ธํ•œ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  3 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 5 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 5 1. ๋ณด์žฅ์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์ •์ฑ… 5 2. ๋ณด์žฅ์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 5 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 8 1. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 8 2. ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  15 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 17 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ์› 17 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๋Œ€์ƒ 17 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 19 1. ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 19 2. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์„ค์ • 20 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 25 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 27 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„ I โ€“ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 27 1. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 27 2. ์˜๋ฃŒ์ด์šฉ์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋“๊ณ„์ธต๋ณ„ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ฐจ์ด 34 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„ II โ€“ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ณผ๋ถ€๋‹ด์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 42 1. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 42 2. ๊ณผ๋ถ€๋‹ด์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ๋ฏธ์นœ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋“๊ณ„์ธต๋ณ„ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ฐจ์ด 47 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 53 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 53 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  58 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  59 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 61 ๋ถ€๋ก 65 Abstract 67Maste

    ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก : ์ดˆ๋“ฑ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ํ˜‘์ƒ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ์—ฌ์„ฑํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2020. 8. ๊น€์ˆ˜์•„.2018๋…„ 21๋งŒ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋™์˜๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๊ต์œก ์˜๋ฌดํ™” ์ฒญ์›์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์ฆ๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์ƒ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋ถ€์žฌํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•™๊ต ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์‹ค์‹œ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ์˜์ง€์— ์˜์กดํ•ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋œป ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์— ํ•œํ•ด ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰๊ป ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋“ฑ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ํ˜‘์ƒ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ 2010๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ์žฌ๋ถ€์ƒ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„ ์†์—์„œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ์ •์ฒดํ™” ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ฒญ๋…„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค๋กœ์„œ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์„ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์‹ค๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ•™๊ต ์–‘์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ถˆ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…, ์  ๋” ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์„ ๋‚ฏ์„ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ด ์ ์ฐจ ์  ๋”๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ฑ์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ž„ํŒŒ์›Œ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋“ค์€ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ต์œก๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ƒํ™œ์ง€๋„์™€ ํ•™๊ธ‰๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋“ฑ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ , ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ์‹ค์ฒœ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ต์œก๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž ์žฌ์  ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๊ต ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฒœ๋“ค๊ณผ, ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์„ ๊ฐ€์ •์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ์—ญ์‹œ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ์˜ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์€ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ์ƒ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ๋“ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ์ดˆ๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ํŽ˜๋‹ค๊ณ ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฆ„์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ต์œก ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ฒดํ—˜๊ณผ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋•๊ณ , ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํƒ€์ž์˜ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•™์Šต์˜ ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ๋ชธ๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฒดํ˜„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์œกํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ต์‹ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ์ฒด๋“ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธด์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ณค๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์ด ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ์ œ๋„์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜‘์†Œํ•œ ์ดํ•ด, ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฑ๋ž˜์‰ฌ, ์„ฑ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž ํ˜์˜ค์™€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์„ฑ์  ์ฃผ์ฒด๋กœ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ณด์ˆ˜์  ์„ฑ๋‹ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์š”์ธ๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต ํ˜„์žฅ์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ •๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋ถ€์žฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด ์ค„ ์ œ๋„์  ์•ˆ์ „๋ง์ด ๋ถ€์žฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์€ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์„ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ํ•™๊ต ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์€ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ, ๊ณผํ•œ, ํŽธํŒŒ์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฏผํ•œ, ์œ ๋‚œ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๊ณค ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ธ์‹์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์œ„์ถ•์„ ๋‚ณ์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์งˆ์  ์ œ์žฌ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Š” ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ณ  ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜‘์—…ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉฐ, ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์ด ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์  ์‹ค์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ๋กœ๋Š”, ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏผ์›์ด๋‚˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์†์—์„œ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ง€์†ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „๋žต์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์ „๋ฉด์— ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜จ๊ฑดํ•œ ์šฉ์–ด๋‚˜ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„, ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋‹ด์•„๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”, ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋™ํ™”์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋“ฑ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์„  ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์œกํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋žต์„ ์ทจํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋ฐ ๋™๋ฃŒ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์Œ“๊ณ  ํ˜‘์ƒ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์–ธ๊ถŒ์„ ํš๋“ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „๋žต๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ์ œ์•ฝ ์†์—์„œ๋„ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ง€์†ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ํ™•์žฅํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์น˜์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ๋„์  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ œ๋„์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ดˆ๋ž˜๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€๋“ค์„ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์  ํ˜‘์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ŒํŒŒํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ œ๋„์  ๊ฐœ์ž…๊ณผ ์ค‘์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์ •์ฑ… ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค.As spotted in the 2018 petition for mandatory feminism education, the societys interest and requests for gender equality education have recently increased. However, specific regulations or standards related to gender equality education are absent in the curriculum. As a result, the content and implementation of gender equality education in schools currently rely on individual teachers' perspectives and wills and is conducted at their discretion by some able teachers. Therefore, based on the experience of elementary school teachers who are conducting gender equality education, this study sought to examine the contents and methods of gender equality education in elementary schools and unravel the difficulties and negotiations experienced by teachers in the course of gender equality education. The participants were young women who became to self-identify themselves as feminists through the feminism reboot, giving meaning to gender equality education as a part of feminist practice. They realized the need for gender equality education from the problems they encountered at school sites. The participants have been attempting new content and methods of gender equality because the schools existing *gender equality education was not enough or inadequate to solve these problems. Their gender equality education consists of the following. First, it starts by making students unfamiliar with gender stereotypes and dichotomy that they took for granted, gradually going on to recognizing gender inequality in reality. Second, empowering boys who don't conform to normative masculinity and girls. These contents are taught through formal classes based on the reconstruction of the curriculum from a feminist point of view, but also through indirect and micro-practices such as life guidance and class management. Practices to transform the school culture which functions as a potential curriculum into a more gender-equal direction and efforts to expand gender equality education into the family can also be seen as part of gender equality education. In short, gender equality education, in reality, consists of various aspects of practices that are not limited to the contents of the curriculum or textbooks. The following feminist pedagogy is being implemented in elementary gender equality education as a combination of the teachers feminist reflection and characteristics of elementary education. First, the teacher needs to be wary of injecting correctness in one direction, and aim for an educational method where students realize by themselves through questions and conversations. Second, allow such realization to happen through specific experiences and activities, as well as providing the experience of viewing the world in the objects place. Third, use everyday experiences as a resource for learning. Fourth, the teacher needs to indirectly educate by embodying feminist values through their own body and behaviour. Fifth, allow students to naturally acquire gender-equal perspectives and attitudes by composing a gender-equal classroom environment and culture. In the course of providing gender equality education, teachers experience various tensions and difficulties, which stem from the social and institutional context in which current gender equality education lies. Social factors such as a narrow understanding of the gender equality concept, backlash against feminism, aversion of sexual minorities and conservative gender discourses that do not view students as sexual subjects have influences on site. Meanwhile, the lack of regulations and standards for gender equality education and the lack of an institutional safety net to protect teachers who conduct gender equality education is operating as an institutional factor against gender equality education. Accordingly, teachers experience the following difficulties in providing gender equality education. First, they experience the gap between what you want to say and what you can say, struggling to coordinate the fine line between. Second, gender equality education is considered 'unnecessary, excessive, biased education within schools, and teachers who provide gender equality education are often considered sensitive, overreacting people. This negative perception not only leads to psychological atrophy but also practical sanctions on gender equality education. It also makes it difficult for teachers who provide gender equality education to reveal their interests in schools and to collaborate or interact with each other-thus gender equality education is only conducted in their respective classrooms as an individual practice. Third, individual teachers have to anticipate and respond to expected complaints or external attacks when providing gender equality education. Under these circumstances, teachers are using the following strategies to continue gender equality education. First, instead of directly exposing feminism, they try to include feminist perspectives in moderate terms and ways of speech. Second, in the case of 'sensitive' topics, rather than directly explaining them, the teacher takes a strategy of indirectly educating them within acceptable lines, such as showing related photos or pictures and reading fairy tales. Third, make additional efforts to build trust in relationships with parents and fellow teachers to gain bargaining power and the right to speak. These strategies can be seen as efforts to create and expand gaps to continue gender equality education under various limitations and constraints. At the same time, this study result shows that despite the need and value of gender equality education, there is no institutional basis for stable implementation. The reality is that teachers must overcome difficulties arising from institutional and social contexts through individual negotiations. Thus, institutional intervention and long term policymaking are required for gender equality education to be more stable and qualitatively developed.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 4 1. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  4 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 7 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 8 1. ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ํŽ˜๋‹ค๊ณ ์ง€ 8 2. ์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋‚ด์—์„œ์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ 12 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž 13 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ์„ ์ • 13 2. ์˜ˆ๋น„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž ๋ชจ์ง‘๊ณผ์ • 15 3. ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด์ ‘ 17 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก 18 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜๊ณผ์˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ 18 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ 22 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ: ์  ๋”๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ, ์ž„ํŒŒ์›Œ๋จผํŠธ, ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณ€ํ™” 29 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์ดˆ๋“ฑ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ํŽ˜๋‹ค๊ณ ์ง€ ์‹ค์ฒœ 33 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 33 1. ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์„ฑ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์ธ์ง€ 34 2. ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ต๊ณผ ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ด€์  ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ 41 3. ์ž„ํŒŒ์›Œ๋จผํŠธ์™€ ์‹ค์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ 48 4. ์„ฑ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ํ•™๊ต ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ธฐ 52 5. ๊ฐ€์ •์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ 55 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ดˆ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก์—์„œ์˜ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ํŽ˜๋‹ค๊ณ ์ง€ ์‹ค์ฒœ 57 1. ์‚ฐํŒŒ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ์™€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ 58 2. ์ฒดํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ 61 3. ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ 64 4. ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฒดํ˜„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๊ต์œก 68 5. ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ต์‹ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ฌธํ™” ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ 71 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์•ˆ์—์„œ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ํ•˜๊ธฐ 74 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์™€ ๊ธด์žฅ 74 1. ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ 76 2. ํ•™๊ต ๋‚ด ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ดํ•ด์ง€์ง€ ๋ถ€์กฑ 83 3. ์‹ค์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ˜‘๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐˆ๋ง 90 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ 'ํ•™๊ต ์•ˆ์—์„œ ํŽ˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ํ•˜๊ธฐ' ์ „๋žต 95 1. ์˜จ๊ฑดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง ๊ฑธ๊ธฐ 96 2. ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์„  ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์œกํ•˜๊ธฐ 101 3. ์‹ ๋ขฐ ์Œ“๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ 104 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ์ œ์–ธ 110 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก ์˜๋ฌดํ™” 110 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ต์‚ฌ์™€ ์˜ˆ๋น„๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ฑ์ธ์ง€ ๊ต์œก ๊ฐ•ํ™” 113 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก ๊ด€๋ จ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํ‚น ์žฅ๋ ค์ง€์› 116 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  122 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 122 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ํ›„์†์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ 126 ์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ 129 Abstract 135Maste

    ๋ณ‘์› ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ€๋Œ€์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ

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    ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์›/์„์‚ฌ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›๊ธ‰ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ€๋Œ€์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์—…์—ฐ๊ด€๋ถ„์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ€๋Œ€์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์œ ๋ฐœํšจ๊ณผ, ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜์œ ๋ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋…ธ๋™์œ ๋ฐœํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์œ ๋ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  2014๋…„ ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์ง€์ •ํ•œ ๋ณ‘์›๋ถ€๋Œ€์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํŽธ์„ฑํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ€๋Œ€์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๋ณ‘์›๊ธ‰ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์†์ต๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ€๋Œ€์‚ฌ์—… ์ด ๊ทœ๋ชจ์•ก์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ํ–‰์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•œ โ€œ์‚ฐ์—…์—ฐ๊ด€ํ‘œโ€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์œ ๋ฐœํšจ๊ณผ, ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜์œ ๋ฐœํšจ๊ณผ, ์ทจ์—…์œ ๋ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์šฉ์œ ๋ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ€๋Œ€์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์œ ๋ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ œ์กฐ์—…๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ „์ฒด ์‚ฐ์—…, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์‚ฐ์—…, ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์‚ฐ์—…๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€์น˜์œ ๋ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์‚ฐ์—…, ์ œ์กฐ์—…, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์‚ฐ์—…, ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ฑด์‚ฐ์—…๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ€๋Œ€์‚ฌ์—…์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ทจ์—…์œ ๋ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ€๋Œ€์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์ „์ฒด ์‚ฐ์—…, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์‚ฐ์—…, ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์‚ฐ์—…์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ์šฉ์œ ๋ฐœํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ€๋Œ€์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์‚ฐ์—…๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ „์ฒด ์‚ฐ์—…, ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์‚ฐ์—…๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ€๋Œ€์‚ฌ์—…์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ณ‘์›์ด ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ ์ž์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ‘์› ์ˆ˜์ต๊ฐœ์„ ์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์„ ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ€๋Œ€์‚ฌ์—… ๊ทœ์ œ ์™„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณ‘์›๋„ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํƒˆํ”ผํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ต ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.ope

    Meta-Analysis on the effects of writing therapy

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ(๊ต์œก์ƒ๋‹ด์ „๊ณต), 2014. 2. ๊น€๋™์ผ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํšจ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์ธ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ต์  ์งง๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ฒ˜์น˜๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ๋“ฑ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์™”๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ €๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ผ๊ด€๋œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ๊ทธ ํ‰๊ท  ํšจ๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ธ๋“ค์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ํšจ๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ธ(๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ณ€์ธ, ์ฒ˜์น˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ณ€์ธ, ์ธก์ • ๋ณ€์ธ)์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 18ํŽธ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ 210๊ฐœ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ท  ํšจ๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์ธต๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ํšจ๊ณผํฌ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ธ๋“ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ํšจ๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” .34๋กœ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ, ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์œ ํ˜•, ํšŒ๊ธฐ ๋‹น ์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜ธ์†Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ (์ค€)์ž„์ƒ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋‚˜ ์™ธ์ƒ ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊นŠ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋Š๋‚Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค, ๊ฐ ํšŒ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ์™€ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ํ˜•์‹์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™” ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ๊ธฐ ๋‹น ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์ˆ˜๋ก ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ํ•™๋ น, ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ํšŒ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, ์ธก์ • ์˜์—ญ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ • ์‹œ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํšจ๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์–ด ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฆ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ณ€์ธ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ๋„ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ž… ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ƒ๋‹ด์  ๊ฐœ์ž…์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์ ์šฉ์— ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ถœ๊ฐ„๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋งŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ถ„์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ์— ํšจ๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ํšŒ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜, ํšŒ๊ธฐ ๋‹น ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์ง„ํ–‰ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ์„ ํ˜• ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ , ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ฒ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์š”ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์ถœ๊ฐ„๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ถ•์ ๋œ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š”, ์‹ค์ œ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ž„์ƒ๊ตฐ๋งŒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 5 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 6 1. ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ 6 1) ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ •์˜ 6 2) ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ 7 3) ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ 9 2. ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ณ€์ธ 12 1) ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ณ€์ธ 12 2) ์ฒ˜์น˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ณ€์ธ 15 3) ์ธก์ • ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ณ€์ธ 17 3. ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ถ„์„ 18 1) ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ํŠน์ง• 18 2) ํšจ๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ 20 3) ๋‹ค์ธต๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ถ„์„ 20 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 22 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 22 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๊ณผ ์„ ์ • 23 1) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 23 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์„ ์ • 24 3) ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ฝ”๋”ฉ 25 4) ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ 25 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 29 1. ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 29 2. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ†ต๊ณ„ 30 3. ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ํšจ๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ 32 4. ํšจ๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ธ 34 1) ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ณ€์ธ 35 2) ์ฒ˜์น˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ณ€์ธ 36 3) ์ธก์ • ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ณ€์ธ 37 4) ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ณ€์ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์  ๋ชจํ˜• ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 38 โ…ค. ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 41 1. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 41 1) ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ํ‰๊ท  ํšจ๊ณผ ํฌ๊ธฐ 41 2) ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ณ€์ธ 43 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  45 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  ๋ฐ ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ 47 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 49 ๋ถ€๋ก 57 ABSTRACT 60Maste

    GSK-3ฮฒ ์–ต์ œ์ œ์ธ CT99021์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ C57BL/6 ์ƒ์ฅ์—์„œ์˜ ํ–‰๋™ํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋‡Œ์ธ์ง€๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ, 2013. 8. Graham Leon Collingridge.๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝ”๊ฒ์ƒ์„ฑํšจ์†Œ์ธ์‚ฐํ™”ํšจ์†Œ3 (GSK-3ฮฒ)๋Š” ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ์™€ ์กฐ์šธ์ฆ, ์ •์‹ ๋ถ„์—ด, ๋‹ค์šด์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™๊ธฐ์ „๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, GSK-3ฮฒ ์˜ ์–ต์ œ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์˜จ๊ฐ– ํ•ด๋กœ์šด ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์ค‘์กฐ๋ช…์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์™”๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํŠน์ด์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” GSK-3ฮฒ ์–ต์ œ์ œ์ธ CT99021๋ฅผ C57BL/6 ์ƒ์ฅ์— ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•ด ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ–‰๋™์‹คํ—˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” CT99021์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘ ํŠนํžˆ ๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ˆ˜์ค‘๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต๋Šฅ๋ฅ ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ GSK-3ฮฒ์˜ ์–ต์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ธฐ์–ต์˜ ์Šต๋“์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, CT99021์˜ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ฑดํ™”๋œ ๊ณตํฌ๊ธฐ์–ต์€ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ทœ์น™์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ, GSK-3ฮฒ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ธฐ์–ต์˜ ํ•™์Šต์„ ๋Šฆ์ถ”๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, GSK-3ฮฒ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด CT99021๋กœ ์ €ํ•ด๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ํ•™์Šต๋Šฅ๋ฅ ์ด ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” GSK-3ฮฒ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ์ด ์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•™์Šต, ๊ธฐ์–ต๊ณผ์ •, ํ–‰๋™์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ์„ ๋•๋Š”๋‹ค.Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3ฮฒ) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and Downs syndrome. Consequently, inhibition of this molecule has been considered as a treatment against the harmful effects or deficit seen in these diseases. One inhibitor of GSK-3ฮฒ, CT99021, known to be highly specific and potent has been assessed behaviorally in C57BL/6 mice in this study. We found that inhibition of GSK-3ฮฒ by CT99021 treatment during training enhances acquisition of spatial memory in particular by increasing the learning rate during the hidden platform session of the Morris water maze task. CT99021 treatment also enhanced precise memory of the location of the platform. However, the treatment of CT99021 did not enhance contextual fear memory, and did not alter behavioral flexibility in the Morris water maze or the delayed match to place task in the T-maze. Taken together, we hypothesis that activation of GSK-3ฮฒ may act as an impediment during spatial memory acquisition and that when the activity of GSK3ฮฒ is inhibited by CT99021, learning rate and precise spatial memory can be enhanced. This finding gives an insight into how GSK-3ฮฒ, which is involved in synaptic plasticity, can affect learning processes and behavior.Abstractโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ5 Introductionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ7 Methodsโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ10 Resultsโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ17 Figure 1โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ18 Figure 2โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ20 Figure 3โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ22 Figure 4โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ26 Figure 5โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ28 Figure 6โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ32 Figure 7โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ36 Discussionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ38 Referenceโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ43 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋กโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ48Maste

    The Effects of Multiple Intelligence Education Program on Career Development: Multilevel Meta-analysis

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ธต๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๋‹ค์ค‘์ง€๋Šฅ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์ดˆใƒป์ค‘ใƒป๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ง„๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ณ€์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1)๋‹ค์ค‘์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ง„๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ „์ฒดํ‰๊ท  ํšจ๊ณผํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€? 2) ๋‹ค์ค‘์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ง„๋กœํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด 18ํŽธ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ 88๊ฐœ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋‹ค์ค‘์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ง„๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ „์ฒดํ‰๊ท  ํšจ๊ณผํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” .63์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์ค‘์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ง„๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์ดˆใƒป์ค‘ใƒป๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ง„๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ์ค‘๊ฐ„ํšจ๊ณผํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋‹ค์ค‘์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ง„๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์ดˆใƒป์ค‘ใƒป๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ง„๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„œ๋กœ ์ด์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ณ€์ธ์„ 2์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ชจํ˜•์— ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํšจ๊ณผํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํฐ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋‹ค์ค‘์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ง„๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ํ•™๋…„์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚จ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋‹ค์ค‘์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ง„๋กœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ํšŒ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผํฌ๊ธฐ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ณ€์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ๊ณผ ์ถ”ํ›„์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.This study gathered previous studies on the effects of multiple intelligence education program on career development in Korea in order to investigate the average effect size as well as the prediction factors that influence the effect sizes. For this, a multilevel meta-analysis was conducted from 88 effect sizes of 18 studies. As a result, the average effect size of multiple intelligence education program on career development appeared at .630, which means these programs have a moderate effect. In addition, effects size turned out heterogeneously by study. For finding major factors that influence effect size, 2-level analysis was conducted. The effect size was significantly larger for middle school students group than elementary students group. Although there was no statistically significant difference appeared between middle school student group and high school student group, effect size for high school students group were larger. Thus, the effect of multiple intelligence programs on career development is getting larger as program participants school year increase. And the number of sessions also identified as a prediction factor that influence the effect sizes. Further implications and suggestions for future studies were discussed

    CURRENT SUPPLYING APPARATUS GENERATING CURRENT USING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE AND RESISTANCE

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    ๋ณธ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์˜ ์ผ์‹ค์‹œ์˜ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋™ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ €ํ•ญ๊ฐ’์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ €ํ•ญ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์˜จ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์™„์ „ ์ฐจ๋™ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ „์••๊ณผ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ๋™ ์ „์••์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ„ฑ ์ดํ•˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” FET๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ „๋ ฅ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์ €ํ•ญ ํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ €ํ•ญ๊ฐ’ ๋ฐ ์ฐจ๋™ ์ „์••๊ฐ„์˜ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณต์ •์— ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์˜จ๋„์— ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค
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