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    Comparison with Plasma Cell Myeloma

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2021.8. ์ด์˜์€.Introduction: Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is clinically and genetically distinct from multiple myeloma (MM), despite controversies regarding the disease definition. Several studies have recently been attempted to find the unique genetic variation in PCL. Differences in immunophenotypes between clonal plasma cells of primary PCL (pPCL) and secondary PCL (sPCL) have been reported. However, genetic comparison has not been reported. To determine the distinct features of PCL from advanced myeloma, the genetic property of pPCL was compared with that of sPCL and MM. Methods: We performed multi-gene target sequencing for 647 gene panel in nine patients with pPCL and four patients with sPCL diagnosed in Seoul National University Hospital between 2006 and 2018. G-banding and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for enumeration of chromosome 1 and detection of 9p21 deletion, 13q14 deletion, 17p13 deletion, 14q32, IGH/MAF, and IGH/FGFR3 translocations were performed. Plasma cell burden and infiltration pattern in bone marrow was also assessed. Results: In patients with pPCL, 88.9% had complex karyotypes and 44.4% had hypodiploid. Eighty nine nonsynonymous mutations were observed in 68 genes (median of nine mutations per patient, range, 3-17). The most frequently mutated genes were TP53, TSC2, and TYK2. In comparison with genetic abnormalities of sPCL and MM, 45 genes were present only in pPCL while 28 genes only in sPCL and 22 genes only in MM. Among the common genes between pPCL and MM, a higher prevalence of TP53 was observed in pPCL, compared to MM (P<0.05), while similar, compared to sPCL (P=0.64). Patients with high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities such as 1q gains and 17p deletion showed adverse survival as in MM. There was no apparent difference when comparing the mutational burden of pPCL and sPCL in the bone marrow. Conclusion: In conclusion, pPCL patients showed a higher level of genetic heterogeneity and distinctive genetic signature in their mutational profile compared to patients with MM and sPCL.์„œ๋ก : ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘์€ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ์ข…๊ณผ ์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์œ ์ „ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š” ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ์งˆํ™˜์œผ๋กœ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ฐจ์„ฑ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ์ด์ฐจ์„ฑ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํด๋ก ์„ฑ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ฉด์—ญํ‘œํ˜„ํ˜• ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ด์ „์— ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‘ ์งˆํ™˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ์ข…๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํŠน์ด์ ์ธ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ฐจ์„ฑ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ด์ฐจ์„ฑ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘ ๋ฐ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ์ข…๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•: 2006๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2018๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์ผ์ฐจ์„ฑ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ๋œ 9๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์ด์ฐจ์„ฑ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ๋œ 4๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 647๊ฐœ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์งˆํ™˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ์œ ์ „์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ๋‹ค์ค‘์œ ์ „์ž ํŒจ๋„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด์˜ ํš๋“, ๊ฒฐ์‹ค, ์ „์ขŒ ๋“ฑ ์„ธํฌ์œ ์ „ํ•™์  ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ตํ˜• ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(G-banding), ํ˜•๊ด‘์ œ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•(FISH) ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณจ์ˆ˜ ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋„์™€ ์นจ์œค ์–‘์ƒ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ์ผ์ฐจ์„ฑ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ 88.9%๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉ์„ฑ ํ•ตํ˜•์„, 44.4%๋Š” ์ €์ด๋ฐฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 68๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž์—์„œ ์ด 89๊ฐœ์˜ ๋น„๋™์˜์น˜ํ™˜ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ™˜์ž 1๋ช…๋‹น ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ค‘์•™๊ฐ’์€ 9๊ฐœ์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” TP53, TSC2, TYK2์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ฐจ์„ฑ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘, ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ์ข…์—์„œ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, 45๊ฐœ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ์ผ์ฐจ์„ฑ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , 28๊ฐœ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ์ด์ฐจ์„ฑ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘์—์„œ๋งŒ, 22๊ฐœ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ์ข…์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ฐจ์„ฑ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ์ข…์—์„œ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ์œ ์ „์ž ์ค‘ TP53์€ ์ผ์ฐจ์„ฑ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘์—์„œ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ์ข…๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ๋นˆ๋„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ผ์ฐจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด์ฐจ์„ฑ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ TP53 ์œ ์ „์ž ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 1๋ฒˆ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด ์žฅ์™„์˜ ํš๋“๊ณผ 17๋ฒˆ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด ๋‹จ์™„์˜ ๊ฒฐ์‹ค ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ ์„ธํฌ์œ ์ „ํ•™์  ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ์ข…๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋‚˜์œ ์˜ˆํ›„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ์ฐจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด์ฐจ์„ฑ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ๊ณจ์ˆ˜ ๋‚ด ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก : ์ผ์ฐจ์„ฑ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ณ€์ด ์–‘์ƒ์€ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ์ข…๊ณผ ์ด์ฐจ์„ฑ ํ˜•์งˆ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์œ ์ „์  ์ด์งˆ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํŠน์ง•์ ์ธ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 Chapter 2. Material and Methods 3 Study populations 3 Bone marrow examination 3 G-banding and Fluorescence in situ hybridization 4 DNA extraction and targeted sequencing 5 Algorithm for variant calling 6 Statistical analysis 6 Chapter 3. Results 8 Patients demographics 8 Cytogenetic abnormalities 12 Somatic mutations of pPCL and sPCL 12 Correlation between somatic mutations and cytogenetic abnormalities 16 Comparison of gene variants between pPCL and sPCL 19 Comparison of gene variants among pPCL, sPCL and MM 23 Survival analysis 32 Chapter 4. Discussion 35 References 38 Abstract in Korean 41์„

    Proposal of 3D Formative Education Method Using Virtual Reality Tools to Explore the Functionality of the Form

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋””์ž์ธํ•™๋ถ€ ๋””์ž์ธ์ „๊ณต, 2023. 2. ์ •์˜์ฒ .์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜•์€ ํ‰๋ฉด์กฐํ˜•๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•„์ˆ˜๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ, ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ œ์ž‘๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐํ˜•์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—…์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ œํ’ˆ, ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ, ์ธํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์–ด, ๊ฑด์ถ• ์ „๊ณต ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ์กฐํ˜•๋ฌผ์ด ์‹ค์ƒํ™œ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์กฐํ˜• ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ์—, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ๊ต์œก์— ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์กฐํ˜• ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋•๋Š” ๊ต์œก๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ๋งค์ฒด์  ํŠน์ง•์ธ ํ˜„์กด๊ฐ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜•์„ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ๋””์ž์ธ ์—์Šค๋…ธ๊ทธ๋ผํ”ผ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ฐ ๊ด€์ฐฐ, ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฃน ํ† ๋ก  ๋“ฑ์˜ ์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ž๋‹ค. ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์— ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด 3๋ฒˆ์˜ ์›Œํฌ์ˆ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1์ฐจ ์›Œํฌ์ˆ์€ ๋ Œ๋”๋ง ํ™”๋ฉด๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋กœ ์กฐํ˜•์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ์ธ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2์ฐจ ์›Œํฌ์ˆ์€ ์กฐํ˜•์„ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐํ˜•๋ฌผ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฝ˜์…‰ํŠธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3์ฐจ ์›Œํฌ์ˆ์€ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ํƒ๊ตฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์กฐํ˜• ์‹ค์Šต ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์„ฑ, ์‹ค์šฉ์„ฑ, ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ํŒ€์˜ ์กฐํ˜•๋ฌผ์ด ์ฝ˜์…‰ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ํ™œ๋™์—์„œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ํƒ๊ตฌ๋ผ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์›Œํฌ์ˆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ 15์ฃผ ์ฐจ ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ๊ต์•ˆ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ฃผ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๊ต์•ˆ์€ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ๊ต์œก์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋””์ž์ธ ๊ต์œก ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์—… ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค.Along with 2D formative modeling, 3D formative modeling is a basic required course for domestic and foreign art colleges, and aims to understand and develop form through various materials and production techniques. 3D formative modeling is a class that is the basis for making, and it becomes the basis for product, furniture, interior, and architecture major fields. Since imagining and making various modeling results helps to achieve the goal of the 3D modeling class, studies on using computer tools effectively and attempts to use virtual reality tools have recently appeared. This study developed an educational method that helps students modeling work by utilizing VR in traditional 3D modeling education. To this end, we explored the educational method of learning such modeling while imagining the function of form by utilizing the sense of presence, which is a media characteristic of VR. The research followed qualitative research methodologies such as literature review, experiments and observations based on design ethnography, interviews, and group discussions. A total of three workshops were held to establish ways to utilize VR in the 3D modeling curriculum. In the 1st workshop, the rendering screen and VR space were explored in turn to observe the participants in the experiment and to gain insights on VR tool development. In the second workshop, an experiment was conducted to propose modeling as a function of various concepts by developing a VR tool capable of manipulating the shape. The 3rd workshop was divided into a VR experiment group and a control group, and a project to explore the functionality of form was conducted. The formative practice process and results were analyzed with evaluation indicators of aesthetics, practicality, and creativity. The sculptures of the team applying VR were diverse, and the concept was clear and showed original design results. As a result of the study, the 15th week 3D modeling teaching plan was developed and the content and evaluation for each week were presented in detail so that it could be applied to the class. The teaching plan developed in this study is expected to understand the characteristics of virtual reality, discuss various design education directions that can be applied to 3D modeling education.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 1.1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  1 1.2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 3 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ํƒ๊ตฌ 6 2.1. ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „ 6 2.1.1. ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์  6 2.1.2. ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ๊ต์œก์˜ ํŠน์ง• 10 2.1.3. ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 13 2.2. ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 15 2.2.1. ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 15 2.2.2. ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 18 2.3. ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜•์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ํƒ๊ตฌ ๋…ผ์˜ 21 2.3.1. ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜•์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 21 2.3.2. ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜•์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ํƒ๊ตฌ ๋…ผ์˜ 26 ์ œ3์žฅ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก์  ํ™œ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•™์Šต 31 3.1. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก์  ํ™œ์šฉ 31 3.1.1. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก์  ํ™œ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜ 31 3.1.2. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ํ•™์Šต ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 32 3.2. ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•™์Šต 36 3.2.1. ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ๊ฒฝํ—˜ 36 3.2.2. ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ์† ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ  39 3.3. ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ 42 ์ œ4์žฅ ์กฐํ˜• ํƒ์ƒ‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 45 4.1. ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ๋„๊ตฌ 1์ฐจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 45 4.2. ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ๋„๊ตฌ ํ™œ์šฉ 1์ฐจ ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ์›Œํฌ์ˆ 50 4.2.1. ์‹คํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ด€์ฐฐ 52 4.2.2. ๊ณต์œ ์™€ ๋…ผ์˜ 56 4.2.3. ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  60 ์ œ5์žฅ ์กฐํ˜• ์กฐ์ž‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 62 5.1. ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ๋„๊ตฌ 2์ฐจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 62 5.2. ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ๋„๊ตฌ ํ™œ์šฉ 2์ฐจ ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ์›Œํฌ์ˆ 63 5.2.1. ์‹คํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ด€์ฐฐ 64 5.2.2. ๊ณต์œ ์™€ ๋…ผ์˜ 69 5.2.3. ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  72 5.3. ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ๋„๊ตฌ 3์ฐจ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 73 5.4. ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ๋„๊ตฌ ํ™œ์šฉ 3์ฐจ ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ์›Œํฌ์ˆ 74 5.4.1. ์‹คํ–‰๊ณผ ๊ด€์ฐฐ 75 5.4.2. ๊ณต์œ ์™€ ๋…ผ์˜ 90 ์ œ6์žฅ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ๊ต์œก๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ œ์•ˆ 96 6.1. ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ๋„๊ตฌ ํ™œ์šฉ ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ์›Œํฌ์ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 96 6.2. ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ๋„๊ตฌ ์ ์šฉ ์ž…์ฒด์กฐํ˜• ๊ต์œก๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ œ์•ˆ 100 ์ œ7์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  113 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 118 ๋ถ€๋ก 131 Abstract 148๋ฐ•

    ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฒ„ ์ƒ๋‹ด์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ ํƒ€๋‹นํ™” : ๋‹จํšŒ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ฑ„ํŒ…์ƒ๋‹ด์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์ƒ๋‹ด์ „๊ณต,2001.Maste

    A study on realationship between temperature change within a few days and daily mortality

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ, 2013. 2. ๊น€ํ˜ธ.๊ธฐ์˜จ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‚ฌ๋ง์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฆ๋ช… ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์˜จํŒจํ„ด์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ํ‰๊ท  ๊ธฐ์˜จ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋‚ฎ๊ณผ ๋ฐค ์˜จ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ํ‰๊ท ์˜จ๋„์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ ํŽธ์ฐจ(SD)์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์˜จ ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ๋“ฑ์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚  ๋‚ฎ๊ณผ ๋ฐค(์ตœ๊ณ ์™€ ์ตœ์ €)์˜จ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ „๋‚ ๊ณผ์˜ ์˜จ๋„์ฐจ์ด ์ด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์ด๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋” ํ™•์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์ „ ๋ช‡ ์ผ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์„  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด์ „ ๋ช‡ ์ผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐ’์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์„œ์šธ, ๋„์ฟ„, ํƒ€์ดํŽ˜์ด์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ธ ์ „๋‚ ๊ณผ์˜ ์˜จ๋„์ฐจ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ „์ฒด์‚ฌ๋ง์ž๋ฃŒ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ผ๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž์ˆ˜์™€ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž์ˆ˜, ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์— ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ฒญ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋งค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๋‹น์ผ์˜ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„ ์ผ ํ‰๊ท ์˜จ๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ผ์ •๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น์ผ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ด์ „ ๋ช‡ ์ผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜จ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”(Temperature Change, TC)๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์ •๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜จ๋„์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœํšŒ๊ท€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ์˜จ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์šธ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ง€๋‚œ 4์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐ์˜จ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐ’์ธ TC4๋Š” ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„ ์ƒ์Šนํญ์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฐ’์ด ์ปธ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์˜จ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ TC4 ๊ฐ’์€ ์Œ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฐ์†Œํญ์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ’ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ปธ๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋„์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ง์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋น„์„ ํ˜•์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ์ผ๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž ์ˆ˜๋Š” ํฌ์•„์†ก ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”(TC)์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด GAM(Generalized Addictive Model)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„(Temp), ์ƒ๋Œ€์Šต๋„(RH), pm10(pm10), ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ถ”์„ธ(date)๋ฅผ ๋น„๋ชจ์ˆ˜ ํ‰ํ™œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณด์ •์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์š”์ผ(DOW)๊ณผ ๋…๊ฐ(Influ)์„ ๋ฒ”์ฃผํ˜• ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ์จ ์œ„์˜ GAM๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋ณด์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”(TC) ๊ฐ’์€ ์ผ๋ณ„ ํ‰๊ท ์˜จ๋„์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ, ์„ธ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์€ ๋ด„์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์–‘์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์„์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž‘์€ ์Œ์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ž‘์€ ์–‘์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฒจ์šธ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ž‘์€ ์Œ์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ’์€ ๊ฐ€์„์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ปธ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ด„, ์—ฌ๋ฆ„, ๊ฒจ์šธ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ํƒ€์ดํŽ˜์ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ๋šœ๋ ธํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์„œ์šธ์€ ํฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ๋šœ๋ ธํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋„์ฟ„๋Š” ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ๋ณ€์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐ’์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ค์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ ํ‰๊ท ์€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ํ‘œ์ค€ํŽธ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ’์ด ์ž‘์•„ ์ข์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐ’์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐ’์ด ์ปค์งˆ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ถ”์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐ’์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ๋•Œ ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ 0์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉ€์–ด ์งˆ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” U์ž ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋„์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋•Œ์˜ ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐ’์€ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ƒ๋Œ€์œ„ํ—˜๋„๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๋‹ค๊ฐ€ 6 ๋˜๋Š” 7์ผ์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ถ”์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด 7์ผ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์งง์„ ๋• ์ƒ๋Œ€์œ„ํ—˜๋„๊ฐ€ 1๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ 10์ผ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ธด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ํฐ ์ƒ๋Œ€์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ 4์ผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์—ฐํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋•Œ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์—ฐํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์งง์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ถ”์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๋•Œ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์—ฐํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋Š” ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ๊ณ ์˜จ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์งง์€ ์ง€์—ฐํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ฐ•ํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ์ €์˜จ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ธด ์ง€์—ฐํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ง ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋กœ ํ•˜์œ„ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง๊ณผ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์งˆํ™˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง์˜ ์ƒ๋Œ€์œ„ํ—˜๋„๊ฐ€ ์ด์‚ฌ๋ง๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  11 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  11 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ด๋ก  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 13 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 16 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ 16 1. ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž๋ฃŒ 16 2. ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™” 17 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 19 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 20 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™” 20 1. ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™” 20 2. ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ก  ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ํ–ฅ 31 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ผํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์ง€์—ฐํšจ๊ณผ 46 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 58 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 62 Appendix 66 Abstract 69Maste

    Epidemiology of cracked tooth in Korean population : a clinical survey of 154 cases.

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    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ํ˜„๋Œ€์ธ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์น˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์น˜์•„ ๊ท ์—ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋„ ์ ์  ์ฆ๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์—์„œ ์น˜์•„ ๊ท ์—ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์–‘์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์น˜์•„ ๊ท ์—ด์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์—์„œ ์ฆ์ƒ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ, ๋‚˜์ด, ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์น˜์•„ ๊ท ์—ด์˜ ์น˜์•„์˜ ์œ„์น˜, ๊ท ์—ด์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ, ์ˆ˜๋ณต๋ฌผ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ํ˜•ํƒœ, ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ์น˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ณต๋ฌผ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ด€๋ จ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์น˜๋ถ€์—์„œ ์น˜์•„ ๊ท ์—ด์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ์œ ๋ฐœ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์›์ธ ์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2001๋…„ 1์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 12์›”๊นŒ์ง€ 1๋…„๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์น˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์› ๋ณด์กด๊ณผ์— ๋‚ด์›ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์†Œ๊ตฌ์น˜์™€ ๋Œ€๊ตฌ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž„์ƒ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์‚ฌ์ง„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์น˜์•„๊ท ์—ด์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•˜๋‹ค. 1. ์น˜์•„ ๊ท ์—ด์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„(96.1%) ์ €์ž‘์‹œ ํ†ต์ฆ์„ ํ˜ธ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋ƒ‰์˜จ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ 69๋ช…(44.8%)์ด ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‹ฌํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ชจ๋ฉด์€ 6๋ช…(3.9%)๋งŒ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ ๊ณ  13๋ช…(8.4%)์—์„œ ์น˜์ฃผ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค(>9mm). 2. ์„ฑ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋‚จ์ž์—์„œ 1.2๋ฐฐ ๋” ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ฐ๋ น๋ณ„๋กœ๋Š” 40๋Œ€ ํ™˜์ž(31.2%)์— ์„œ ์น˜์•„ ๊ท ์—ด ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ 50๋Œ€(26.6%), 30๋Œ€ ํ™˜์ž(19.5%) ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 3. ์น˜์•„์˜ ๋ถ€์œ„๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ƒ์•… ์ œ1๋Œ€๊ตฌ์น˜(33.8%), ์ƒ์•… ์ œ2๋Œ€๊ตฌ์น˜(23.4%), ํ•˜์•… ์ œ1๋Œ€๊ตฌ์น˜(20.1%), ํ•˜์•… ์ œ2๋Œ€๊ตฌ์น˜(16.2%) ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 4. ๊ท ์—ด์€ ์ž์—ฐ์น˜(60.4%)์—์„œ ์ œ์ผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ์น˜๋„ ์ž์—ฐ์น˜(77.9%)์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์•„๋ง๊ฐ(15.6%)๊ณผ ๊ธˆ ์ธ๋ ˆ์ด(14.3%)๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ณต๋ฌผ์˜ ๋Œ€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ณต๋ฌผ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด 1๊ธ‰ ์™€๋™์ด 2๊ธ‰ ์™€๋™๋ณด๋‹ค 3.2๋ฐฐ ๋” ๋งŽ ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 5. ๊ท ์—ด์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€ ์ƒ์•… ์น˜์•„(74.7%)์™€ ํ•˜์•… ์น˜์•„(62.7%) ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๊ทผ์›์‹ฌ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ์ œ์ผ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] As people are living longer and keeping their teeth longer, the incidence of cracked tooth has been increased. In spite of the increasing concerns about the cracked teeth, there is yet no study about the incidence of the cracked tooth in Korean populations. In this study, the patient''s age, sex, tooth type, types and forms of restoration and types of opposing tooth, direction of crack, symptom and treatment, and possible related factors with cracked tooth were examined in the Korean populations. The purpose of this study was to find and characterize the incidence of cracked tooth and possible etiologic factors that might be related to the cracked tooth found in Koreans. Doctors examined the patients who were suspected to have the ''cracked tooth syndrome'' through a clinical and radiological examination at the department of conservative dentistry of the Yonsei University Dental Hospital from January 2001 to December 2001. 1. Most of patients(96.1%) complained about pain on chewing, 69(44.8%) mentioned sensitivity to cold and hot test, 6(3.9%) had severe wear facet, and 13(8.4%) had severe periodontal destruction(>9mm). 2. Considering sex, 83 of the cracked teeth were those of males and 71 were those of females. Considering age, patients in their 40''s showed the most highest prevalence(31.2%), followed by the 50''s(26.6%) and the 30''s(19.5%) 3. Considering the type of teeth, the maxillary first molar(33.8%) showed the highest prevalence followed by the maxillary second molar(23.4%), the mandibular first molar(20.1%) and the mandibular second molar(16.2%). 4. Cracked tooth occurred mostly in the natural tooth(60.4%) and opposing natural tooth(77.9%). Considering restorations, teeth with gold inlays(14.3%) and amalgam(15.6%) comprised most of the restoration-treated tooth. Considering the form of the restoration, Cl I restoration showed a 3.2 times higher prevalence than Cl II restoration. 5. Considering the direction of cracks, the cracks of the M-D direction were found in both the maxillary(74.7%) and the mandibular teeth(62.7%)ope

    Antibacterial effect of mineral trioxide aggregate mixed with chlorhexidine

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2009.2.Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํšํ•™๊ณผ,1996.Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐ€์ •๊ต์œก์ „๊ณต, 2019. 2. ์œค์ง€ํ˜„.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ๊ฐ€์ •๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ์‹์ƒํ™œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ต์œก๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ฐ€์ •๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์˜ ์‹์ƒํ™œ ์˜์—ญ์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ํ•™์Šต์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 2015 ๊ฐœ์ • ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง‘ํ•„๋œ ใ€Œ๊ธฐ์ˆ โ€ค๊ฐ€์ •ใ€๊ต๊ณผ์„œ 6์ข…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹์ƒํ™œ ๊ต์œก๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹์ƒํ™œ ๊ต์œก๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ฃผ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์˜ 2015 ๊ฐœ์ • ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ ํ•™์Šต์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ค€๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๋ณธ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ , ์ง€์‹œ์ , ์„ค๋“์ , ์ฐธ์—ฌ์  ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต์˜ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์ค€๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ์„ค๋“์ , ์ฐธ์—ฌ์  ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต ์œ ํ˜•์€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ 2ํšŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ํ›„, ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋•Œ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์€ ์œ ํ˜•๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฌ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ๊ต์œก ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ 2์ธ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํ˜‘์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์žฌ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ์‹์ƒํ™œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ต์œก๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 2015 ๊ฐœ์ • ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋ฅ ์€ 6์ข…์˜ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ํ‰๊ท  92.9%๋กœ, ํ•™์Šต์š”์†Œ 14๊ฐœ ์ค‘ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ 13๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•™์Šต์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์—์„œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋ฅ ์€ 6์ข…์˜ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ํ‰๊ท  72.4%๋กœ, ํ•™์Šต์š”์†Œ 26๊ฐœ ์ค‘ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ 18๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์—์„œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ •๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ฐ€์น˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ(์˜์–‘๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•) ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฐœ๋…, ๋งฅ๋ฝ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฐœ๋…, ํ–‰๋™(๋Œ€์•ˆ) ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฐœ๋…, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(ํŒŒ๊ธ‰ํšจ๊ณผ) ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋งฅ๋ฝ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์š”์†Œ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 6์ข…์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์—๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ๋‹จํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์ ์ด ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์‹์ƒํ™œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด 22.1%(์„ค๋“์ : 21.4%, ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ : 0.7%)๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์  ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต(59.9%) ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ˜„ํ–‰ ๊ฐ€์ •๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์˜ ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์„œ์ˆ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฏธํกํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด 61.9%(์„ค๋“์ : 1.5%, ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ : 60.4%)์˜ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์„œ์ˆ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์  ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„, ์ž์‹  ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌดํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํ˜„ํ–‰ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ๊ฐ€์ •๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์˜ ์‹์ƒํ™œ ์˜์—ญ์€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ํ•™์Šต์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹์ƒํ™œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ต์œก๋‚ด์šฉ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ด€์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์ด ํ˜ผ์žฌ๋˜์–ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ํ•™์Šต์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹์ƒํ™œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ํ•™์Šต์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฏธํกํ–ˆ๊ณ , ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ํ•™์Šต์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ํ•™์Šต์„ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ๊ฐ€์ •๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์˜ ์‹์ƒํ™œ ์˜์—ญ์—๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ , ๋ฌธํ™”์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ํ•™์Šต์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํฌํ•จ๋  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์€ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ฐธ์—ฌ์  ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์„œ์ˆ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ์ œ ์—ญ์‹œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.The purpose of this study was to investigate how the contents and pedagogical styles of the food and nutrition in the middle school home economics textbooks could develop the constructivist learning. For this, technology/home economics textbooks of 6 types, written in compliance with the 2015 revised home economics curriculum, were analyzed to investigate their pedagogical styles and contents on the food and nutrition. The contents on the food and nutrition were subject to the analysis, built upon the learning factors derived from the practical problem-focused curriculum, developed from the constructivist perspective, and the 2015 revised home economics curriculum, developed from the objectivist perspective. Texts and exercises were analyzed based on pedagogical styles which were classified into 4 styles: neutral informative, informative and injunctive, informative and persuasive, and informative and participative. The informative and persuasive style and the informative and participative style are based on the constructivist perspective. In order to maintain the reliability and validity of analysis results, the researcher independently analyzed the samples twice, and checked the consistency of the analysis results, and other inconsistent samples were reclassified and reanalyzed. In addition, the analysis results of the researcher were compared with the analysis results of two home economics education experts, and the differences between the results were reclassified after consultation. The findings of this study could be summarized as follows. First, the analysis results of the contents on the food and nutrition in home economics textbooks showed that 92.9% was based on the 2015 revised home economics curriculum. To be specific, of 14 learning factors, on average, 13 factors were applied to the home economics textbooks. The reflection rate of the practical problem-focused curriculum was 72.4%: of 26 learning factors, on average, 18 learning factors were applied to the home economics textbooks. When they were classified into each stage of the practical problem solving process, only learning factors related with the concepts of the value ends were fully addressed. However, the other learning factors related with the concepts of the practical problem, the concepts of the context, the concepts of the action and the concepts of the consequence, especially the factors related with the concepts of the context, were not properly addressed. The learning factors in the textbooks were addressed only from one perspective, and the social perspective was excluded. For the next, the analysis of pedagogical style on the food and nutrition showed that the informative and persuasive style and the informative and participative style in the texts, which were based on the constructivist perspective, accounted for 22.1%(persuasive: 21.4%, participative: 0.7%). However, the neutral informative style(59.9%) was the most common. And the texts in the all analyzed textbooks were insufficient to be described from the constructivist perspective. In case of exercise, since the informative and persuasive style and the informative and participative style accounted for almost 61.9%(persuasive: 1.5%, participative: 60.4%), the informative and participative style(60.4%) was the most common. The exercises in the all analyzed textbooks were relatively described from the constructivist perspective. In case of the informative and participative style, there were a number of exercises considering the life of a student and his/her family, but there were almost none which even considered the social perspective. In conclusion, this study showed that the food and nutrition of the current middle school textbooks did not seem to be enough to improve constructivist learning. The contents on the food and nutrition were not enough to promote constructivist learning because the objectivist and constructivist perspective were combined together. In case of pedagogical styles of the food and nutrition, the texts were not enough to promote constructivist learning, too. The exercises showed the possibility that there was a potential to increase the constructivist learning, but it is unlikely to increase the constructivist learning since the exercises did not deal with problems from the social perspective. Therefore, the contents on the food and nutrition in the middle school home economics textbooks should include a lot of learning factors which reflect historical, cultural and social situation from the constructivist perspective. And the texts in the home economics textbooks need to be written based on the informative and participative style considering various aspects and context. Exercises also need to be strengthened, reflecting social perspective.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚ด์šฉ 4 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 5 1. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ๊ต์œก 5 ๊ฐ€. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ต์œก 5 ๋‚˜. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ 8 2. ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์‹์ƒํ™œ ๊ต์œก 12 ๊ฐ€. ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์— ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ์ฒ ํ•™ 12 ๋‚˜. ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ดํ•ด 15 ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์—์„œ์˜ ์‹์ƒํ™œ ๊ต์œก 17 ๋ผ. ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ดํ›„์˜ ์‹์ƒํ™œ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋™ํ–ฅ 21 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 24 1. ๋ถ„์„ ์ž๋ฃŒ 24 ๊ฐ€. ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ 24 ๋‚˜. ๋ถ„์„ ๋‹จ์› 24 2. ๋ถ„์„ ๋„๊ตฌ 27 ๊ฐ€. ๊ต์œก๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ์ค€๊ฑฐ 27 ๋‚˜. ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ์ค€๊ฑฐ 32 3. ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 34 ๊ฐ€. ๊ต์œก๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ถ„์„ 34 ๋‚˜. ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋ถ„์„ 35 โ…ฃ. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 38 1. ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ๊ฐ€์ •๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ์‹์ƒํ™œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ต์œก๋‚ด์šฉ 38 ๊ฐ€. 2015 ๊ฐœ์ • ๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์‹์ƒํ™œ ๊ต์œก๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 38 ๋‚˜. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์‹์ƒํ™œ ๊ต์œก๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 43 ๋‹ค. ์‹์ƒํ™œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ต์œก๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜ 51 2. ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ๊ฐ€์ •๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ์‹์ƒํ™œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹ 55 ๊ฐ€. ์‹์ƒํ™œ ์˜์—ญ ๋ณธ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 55 ๋‚˜. ์‹์ƒํ™œ ์˜์—ญ ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ด€์  ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 61 ๋‹ค. ์‹์ƒํ™œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜ 69 โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 72 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 77 ๋ถ€๋ก 85 1. ์‹์ƒํ™œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ต์œก๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ถ„์„ 86 2. ์‹์ƒํ™œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ๋ถ„์„ 100 Abstract 112Maste

    (The) efficacy of programmed cryopreservation under in rat teeth

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    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ํฐ ์ฅ์˜ ์ƒ์•… ๋Œ€๊ตฌ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฑฐํ•œ ํ›„ ์••๋ ฅ ์ €์† ๋ƒ‰๋™ ๋ณด๊ด€๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ƒ‰๋™ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•œ ํ›„ MTT, WST-1 ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๋ฒ•๊ณผ TUNEL ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์น˜์ฃผ์ธ๋Œ€์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„์™€ ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ƒ‰๋™ ๋ณด๊ด€๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต, ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒํ›„ 4์ฃผ๋œ ์•”์ปท Sprague-Dawley๊ณ„ ํฐ์ฅ์˜ ์ƒ์•… ์ขŒ์šฐ ์ œ 1,2 ๋Œ€๊ตฌ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๊ตฐ ๋‹น 18๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฅ ์น˜์•„๋ฅผ MTT, WST-1 ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์— ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  6๊ฐœ์˜ ์น˜์•„๋ฅผ TUNEL ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์— ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ 5 ๊ฐœ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์€ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋ฐœ์น˜๊ตฐ์ด๋ฉฐ, 4โ„ƒ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์— ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ๊ฐ„ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ตฐ, ๋ฐœ์น˜ ํ›„ ๋™ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์ง€์ œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ -196โ„ƒ์˜ ์•กํ™”์งˆ์†Œ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด ๋ƒ‰๋™ํ•œ ๊ธ‰์† ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ตฐ, 4โ„ƒ์—์„œ -35โ„ƒ๊นŒ์ง€ -0.5โ„ƒ/min ์†๋„๋กœ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๋ƒ‰๋™์‹œํ‚จ ๋’ค -196โ„ƒ์— ๋ƒ‰๋™ํ•œ ์ €์† ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ตฐ, 3MPa์˜ ์••๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  -0.5โ„ƒ/min ์†๋„๋กœ 4โ„ƒ์—์„œ -35โ„ƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๋ƒ‰๋™์‹œํ‚จ ๋’ค -196โ„ƒ์— ๋ƒ‰๋™ํ•œ ์••๋ ฅ ์ €์† ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์กด์•ก์€ F medium์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋™ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์ง€์ œ๋กœ 10% dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์น˜๊ทผ๋ฉด์„ ๋‹จ์œ„๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด MTT, WST-1 ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์„ Eosin ์—ผ์ƒ‰ ํ›„ 530nm์—์„œ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ํก๊ด‘๋„ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋‹ค. TUNEL ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์‹œ ๊ฐ ์กฐ์ง์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์—์„œ 400๋ฐฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ์‹œ์•ผ์—์„œ ์ž„์˜๋กœ ์„ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ƒ ์„ธํฌ์ˆ˜์™€ ์–‘์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ธ์–ด ๊ทธ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ ๋‹น ํ‰๊ท ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด one way ANOVA๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ฒ€์ •์œผ๋กœ๋Š” Tukey ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. MTT ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์— ์˜ํ•œ ํก๊ด‘๋„๋ฅผ Eosin ์—ผ์ƒ‰ ํ›„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ํก๊ด‘๋„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ๊ฐ’์—์„œ๋Š” ์••๋ ฅ ์ €์† ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ตฐ์€ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋ฐœ์น˜๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์„ธํฌ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋‚˜(p<0.05), ์ €์† ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ตฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์„ธํฌ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค(p<0.05). ๊ธ‰์† ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์„ธํฌ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. WST-1 ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์— ์˜ํ•œ ํก๊ด‘๋„๋ฅผ Eosin ์—ผ์ƒ‰ ํ›„ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ํก๊ด‘๋„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ๊ฐ’์—์„œ๋„ MTT ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์••๋ ฅ ์ €์† ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๋ฐœ์น˜๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์„ธํฌ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์œผ๋‚˜(p<0.05), ์ €์† ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ตฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์„ธํฌ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค(p<0.05). ๊ธ‰์† ๋ƒ‰๋™๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์„ธํฌ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3. TUNEL ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฐ๋“ค์ด ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ๋„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viability of periodontal ligament cell in rat teeth using slow cryopreservation method under pressure by means of MTT assay, WST-1 assay and TUNEL test. 18 teeth per group of Sprague-Dawley white female rats of 4 week-old were used for each group. The maxillary left and right, first and second molars were extracted as atraumatically as possible under tiletamine anesthesia. The experimental groups were group 1 (Immediately extraction), group 2 (Cold preservation at 4โ„ƒ for 1 week), group 3(Rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen), group 4(Slow freezing), group 5(Slow freezing under pressure of 3MPa). F-medium was used as preservation medium and 10% DMSO as cryoprotectant. After cryopreservation and thawing, MTT assay, WST-1 assay, TUNEL test were processed. One way ANOVA and Tukey method were performed at the 95% level of confidence. The values of optical density obtained after MTT assay and WST-1 were divided by the values of eosin staining for tissue volume standardization. In both MTT and WST-1 assay, group 5 showed higher viability of periodontal ligament cell than group 2 and 4. but showed lower viability of periodontal ligament cell than group 1. In TUNEL test, there were no positive cells in group 4. And it showed no significant difference among group 1, 2, 3, 5. By the results of this study, slow cryopreservation method under pressure is recommended as one of the methods for long term cryopreservation.ope

    Study on nano-imprinted surface of photoactive layer to improve performance of bulk heterojunction organic solar cell

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™”ํ•™์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2011.2. ์กฐ์žฌ์˜.Maste
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