63 research outputs found
μ’ μλ΄νΌ μΈν¬ νΉμ΄μ λ§μ»€μΈ λν λ¨λ°±μ§μ νμ ν¨κ³Ό μμΈ‘μ μν μ€ν¬λ¦¬λ
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Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ μ΅ν©κ³ΌνκΈ°μ λνμ λΆμμν λ° λ°μ΄μ€μ μ½νκ³Ό, 2017. 8. λ³μλ‘.DoppelProtein is a tumor endothelial cell (TEC) specific marker which has a unique mechanism. It is known to interact with VEGFR 2 on the surface of the tumor endothelial cells specifically which inhibit the internalization of the VEGFR 2. This phenomenon induces uncontrolled angiogenesis in tumor site that leads to tumor growth. Herein, this study screens out theDoppelprotein by different tumor types which hypothesize thatDoppelprotein could be a possible biomarker and target site for further anti-cancer studies. In order to overcome the conventional anti-angiogenic drugs limitation, non-specificity and toxicity, using 'Doppel' protein will be an efficient and novel approach for anti-angiogenic drugs for anti-cancer effect. This study used immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and flow cytometry analysis to confirm the hypothesis. Indeed, the expression levels of this protein differ by the different types of tumor, and this characteristic can be distinguishable for further analysis. The protein level difference gives the possibility of using the 'Doppel' protein as a target site forDoppelantibody and biomarker for the effective therapeutics.1. Introduction. 1
1.1 Biomarker (Role of Biomarker) 1
1.2 Screening 2
1.3 Tumor Angiogenesis 3
1.4 Biomarkers for Angiogenesis 4
1.5 Role of Doppel Protein in tumor angiogenesis 5
1.6 'Doppel' as a new tumor angiogenesis biomarker 7
2. Materials and Method. 13
2.1 Cell Culture 13
2.2 In vivo Animal Experiment 14
2.3 Endothelial Cell Isolation from Tumor Tissue 14
2.4 Western blot 15
2.5 Immunohistochemistry 16
2.6 Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) 178
3. Result. 18
3.1 Endothelial Cell isolation 18
3.2 Immunohistochemistry 21
3.3 Quantification of Doppel expression by Western blot 23
3.4 Quantification of Doppel expression by FACS anaylsis 25
4. Discussion. 28
5. Conclusion. 30
6. References 31
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Industrial Structure Analysis of the 1st Newtowns in Seoul Metropolitan Area
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μ μΉμ ν¨κ» μ§ λμ λμμλΉμ€λ₯Ό μ 곡ν΄μΌ νλ€. λ§μ§λ§μΌλ‘, μ λμμ κ²½μ μ μμ‘±μ±μ λ¨κΈ°κ°μ μΆ©μ‘±λμ§ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ μ₯κΈ°μ μΈ κ΄μ μμ λ₯λμ μ΄ μ λμ± μλ κ³νμ ν΅ν΄ νκ²½λ³νμ λμν μ μμ΄μΌ νλ€. ν₯ν μ λμλ κ²½μ μ κΈ°λ°μ κ°ννμ¬ κ²½μλ ₯ μ κ³ λΌλ λͺ©μ μ μνν μ μλ λ°©ν₯μΌλ‘ κ³νλμ΄μΌ νλ€.In the 1980s, 5 new town have been constructed in Seoul Metropolitan area with objectives of supplying new houses and disperse over-population of Seoul. Through 20 years, the theme of self-sufficiency of these new towns were discussed by several studies. Most of the studies before 2000, criticized about the lack of self-sufficiency. But most of the resent studies turns positively asserting that the 5 new towns are showing self-sufficient by several ways. Before discussing self-sufficiency of a city we must first discuss the economic base of a city. Economic base of a city is an important element which determines the characteristic of the it. That is why analyzing the industrial structure of the 5 new towns are needed to determine their economic base to find their characteristics. Therefore this study aims to analyze the industrial structure of the 5 newtowns built on Seoul Metropolitan Area and determine their economic base to introduce their characteristics and future challenges.
To determine the characteristics of industrial structure, the study analyzes their economic base by the Location Quotient and Shift-Share Model using the business statistics through 1995 to 2010. With the research result, the study focuses on the type of business that settles on the early year of the construction. Also determines the characteristics of industrial structure changes after 15 year of construction of each 5 new towns.
As a result, on the early year of construction most of the employees consists on retails, realestate trade, and urban infrastructure. Recently the employment has turned based on service industry forming a high-income structure and improving the quality of employment. Also the employment structure changes are hardly influenced by the economic and industrial policy of the local government.
The result of the analysis can be shorten as following. First, employed based industrial structure have been settled after 15 years on the 5 newtowns. Second, at the early years of construction, the industrial structure consisted on non-productive industries, however as the newtowns have been settled after 15 years, the industries structure has changed to productive. Third, this productive industrial structure shows specialized industries on each newtowns.
With the results three implications are as following. First, each newtowns needs an urban management system to maintain these specialized industries. Second, for the future 2nd newtowns around Seoul, high quality of urban services are needed to attract specialized industries. Third, an economic base of a city can not be determined in a short time. Therefore, to secure an economic based self-sufficiency of new towns, specific employment plans must be established. Also the plan must be considered in a long-term point of view with active and flexible abilities that can respond against the environmental changes.β
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β μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν 95Maste
μΌλ°κ³‘λ©΄μ’νκ³μμ 쑰립ꡬ쑰물μ μμ΄μ-μ§μ€λ©νΈλ¦ λ°°μΉ μ΅μ μ€κ³
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Όλ¬Έ (λ°μ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ 곡과λν μ‘°μ ν΄μ곡νκ³Ό, 2017. 8. μ‘°μ νΈ.In the thesis, an isogeometric configuration design optimization method for built-up and shell structures based on generalized curvilinear coordinate (GCC) is developed.We derive the isogeometric configuration sensitivity of the Mindlin plates by using the material derivative and adjoint approaches. This is utilized in the configuration design optimization that includes a variation of design components in its shape and orientation. Due to the non-interpolatory property of the Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline(NURBS) basis functions, a mismatch of patches in the built-up structures could occur during the isogeometric design optimization, which can be easily resolved using transformed basis functions. Also, isogeometric configuration sensitivity of shell structures is derived with separating shape and orientation effect. For the shell structures, the design is generally affected by the coupled effect of shape and orientation variations. But, at each material point, exact rotational transformation can be calculated using GCC system and isogeometric approach. An orientation variation is identified as rotational transformation of body-fixed local curvilinear coordinate system. Configuration design sensitivity of shell structure is verified by comparing finite difference sensitivity. And, configuration design optimization is performed for built-up and shell structures
The built-up structure is made by combining various elements such as plate, beam and shell. When optimizing the built-up structure, configuration design sensitivity is necessary because shape and orientation variations simultaneously happen. Moreover, in theisogeometric analysis (IGA), the control points play the role of design variables so that no more design parameterization is necessary. Hence, the IGA-based one is suitable for the configuration optimization of the built-up structures
By the IGA, the NURBS basis function in computer aided design (CAD) system is directly utilized in the response analysis, which enables the seamless incorporation of higher continuity and exact geometry such as curvature and normal vector into the computational framework. IGA provides a more accurate sensitivity of complex geometries including higher order geometric effects such as normal and curvature information. The impact of exact curvature in the bending problem of Mindlin plates on the configuration design sensitivity is demonstrated through numerical examples. The obtained design sensitivity is further utilized in the configuration design optimization of built-up structures.
Configuration design sensitivity analysis (DSA) for shell structure based on GCC system is formulated using direct differentiation method (DDM). In the design sensitivity of the curved structure such as curved beam and shell, it is difficult to separate shape and orientation contributions. They affect design variation at the same time. We divide shape and orientation effects through exact transformation between two local curvilinear coordinate in the original design and perturbed design. It can be possible to calculate accurate sensitivity although amount of design perturbation is large.Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.1.1 Configuration design sensitivity analysis in curved structure 1
1.1.2 Advantages of isogeometric framework 2
1.2 Literature survey 5
1.2.1 Configuration design sensitivity analysis 5
1.2.2 Isogeometric framework 7
1.2.3 Shell structures based on curvilinear coordinate 9
1.2.4 Organization of thesis 11
Chapter 2. Isogeometric Analysis 13
2.1 Review of Isogeometric analysis method 13
2.1.1 NURBS basis function 13
2.1.2 Refinement 16
2.2.3 Isogeometric shape optimization 22
2.2 Isogeometric analysis of plate structures 25
2.2.1 Kinematics of Mindlin plate 25
2.2.2 Variational equation and Isogeomemtric discretization 27
2.3 Isogeometric analysis of shell structures 30
2.3.1 Generalized curvilinear coordinate system 30
2.3.2 Kinematics of deformable shell 32
Chapter 3. Isogeometric Configuration Design Sensitivity Analysis 39
3.1 Configuration design sensitivity anlaysis 39
3.1.1 Material derivatives in the rectangular cartesian coordiantes 39
3.1.2 Material derivatives in the curvilinear coodinates 44
3.2 Isogeometric sensitivity analysis of plate structures 48
3.1.1 Configuration sensitivity : Direct differentiation method 48
3.1.2 Configuration sensitivity : Adjoint variable method 51
3.3 Isogeometric sensitivity analysis of shell structures 55
Chapter 4. Isogeometric Configuration Design Optimization 58
4.1 Transformed basis function for mismatch problems 58
4.2 Design parameteriztion 66
4.3 Generial formulation for design optimization 69
Chapter 5. Numerical Examples 70
5.1 Convergence Test 70
5.2Sensitivity verification for higher order geometric effect 76
5.3Varification of configuration design sensitivity 80
5.4Design optimization of shell stuctures 84
5.5Design optimization of built-up structures 90
Chapter 6. Conclusions and Future Works 99
6.1 Conclusions 99
6.2 Future works 100
APPENDIX 102
A. Derivation of initial curvature 102
B. Derivation of optimal height in parabolic arch 105
Bibliography 108
Abstract in Korean 113Docto
(The Coping mode of local elites in the crisis of the local basic industry : a case study of Toung-young City
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Design of a single-chip 2.4GHz direct-conversion CMOS transceiver for bluetooth applications
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Όλ¬Έ(λ°μ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μ κΈ°Β·μ»΄ν¨ν°κ³΅νλΆ,2002.Docto
Betriebsubergang und Arbeitnehmerstellung
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The Safety and Feasibility of the Single-Port Laparoscopic Repair of Intraperitoneal Bladder Rupture
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) in the repair of intraperitoneal bladder rupture. Patients and Methods: All consecutive patients who underwent LESS for intraperitoneal bladder rupture in three hospitals in Korea were included prospectively in this study. LESS was performed using a homemade single-port device composed of an Alexis wound retractor and a surgical glove. Results: Of the 22 patients, 18 were male. The mean age was 40.5011.83 years. The mean body mass index was 24.19 +/- 2.61kg/m(2). The cause of rupture was trauma (n=21) or iatrogenic injury (n=1). The mean bladder rupture diameter was 3.41 +/- 1.01cm. LESS bladder rupture repair was completed effectively in all patients. The mean operative time was 89.05 +/- 11.29 minutes. The mean length of hospital stay was 2.91 +/- 0.53 days. Postoperatively, none of the patients required patient-controlled analgesia, and none developed major complications. The urethral Foley catheter was removed 7.68 +/- 2.08 days after surgery. Conclusions: LESS repair of intraperitoneal bladder rupture, which involves a homemade single-port device, was a feasible and safe alternative to conventional laparoscopy in this case series
(The)Coping mode of local elites in the crisis of the local basic industry : a case study of Toung-young City
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