27 research outputs found

    ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ํž˜ ์„ผ์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์žฅ๋œ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์›๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด์ธ ์กฐ์ž‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“ˆํ™” ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์Šคํ‚จ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2021.8. ๋ฐ•์šฉ๋ž˜.Robots have been used to replace human workers for dangerous and difficult tasks that require human-like dexterity. To perform sophisticated tasks, force and tactile sensing is one of the key requirements to achieve dexterous manipulation. Robots equipped with sensitive skin that can play a role of mechanoreception in animals will be able to perform tasks with high levels of dexterity. In this research, we propose modularized robotic skin that is capable of not only localizing external contacts but also estimating the magnitudes of the contact forces. In order to acquire three pieces of key information on a contact, such as contact locations in horizontal and vertical directions and the magnitude of the force, each skin module requires three degrees of freedom in sensing. In the proposed skin, force sensing is achieved by a custom-designed triangular beam structure. A force applied to the outer surface of the skin module is transmitted to the beam structure underneath, and bending of the beam is detected by fiber optic strain sensors, called fiber Bragg gratings. The proposed skin shows resolutions of 1.45 N for force estimation and 1.85 mm and 1.91 mm for contact localization in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. We also demonstrate applications of the proposed skin for remote and autonomous operations of commercial robotic arms equipped with an array of the skin modules.๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋†’์€ ์กฐ์ž‘์„ฑ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ž‘์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด๋‚˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๊ฐ์‘(mechanoreception) ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Šคํ‚จ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์Šคํ‚จ์ด ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ํž˜ ์„ผ์‹ฑ๊ณผ ์ด‰๊ฐ ์„ผ์‹ฑ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์กฐ์ž‘์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ ‘์ด‰์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์™ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“ˆํ™”๋œ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์Šคํ‚จ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ ‘์ด‰ ํž˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ, ์ ‘์ด‰์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ์œ„์น˜ ๋“ฑ ์ ‘์ด‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ ์Šคํ‚จ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์€ 3 ์ž์œ ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์Šคํ‚จ์—์„œ ํž˜ ์„ผ์‹ฑ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜• ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋น” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Šคํ‚จ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ ์™ธํ”ผ์— ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง„ ํž˜์€ ๋น” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๊ณ , ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋น” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์€ โ€œfiber Bragg gratingsโ€ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์ธ ์„ผ์„œ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์ธก์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์Šคํ‚จ์€ 1.45 N์˜ ํž˜ ์ถ”์ • ํ•ด์ƒ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ , ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง ์œ„์น˜ ์ถ”์ •์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1.85 mm์™€ 1.91 mm์˜ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋œ ๋กœ๋ด‡ํŒ”์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์Šคํ‚จ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ๋ฐฐ์—ด ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์›๊ฒฉ ์กฐ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ๋ฌด์ธ ์กฐ์ž‘์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์Šคํ‚จ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.1. Introduction 1 2. Design 7 2.1. Skin Module . 2.2. Skin Array . 3. Modeling 12 3.1. FBG Sensing Principle and Temperature Compensation 25 3.2. Estimation of Beam Force and Deflection . 3.3. Estimation of Spring Force . 3.4. Estimation of Contact Locations and Force . 4. Experiments 25 4.1. Experimental Setup . 4.2. Initialization . 4.3. Parameter Optimization . 4.4. Result . 5. Application 32 5.1. Remote Robot Manipulation . 5.2. Autonomous Robot Control . 6. Discussion 46 7. Conclusion 48 8. Appendix 49 8.1. Beam Deflection . Bibliography 52 Abstract in Korean 60์„

    A Study on Economic Devices for A Container-Fleet by Fluctuation of Fuel Oil Price

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    ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์œ  ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ํ•ด์šด์„ ์‚ฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2001๋…„ ํ†ค ๋‹น ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด 110๋Œ€์ด๋˜๊ฒƒ์ด2008๋…„3๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋Š”700๋Œ€ ์ด๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด 2008๋…„ 3๋ถ„๊ธฐ์—๋Š” 700 ๋Œ€๋กœ ์น˜์†Ÿ์•„ ํ•ด์šด ์„ ์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋น„๋ฅผ ํฐ ํญ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ํ•ด์šด์—์„œ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ณ„์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋งŒ์ด ์šด์ž„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ• ์ฆ๋ฃŒ(BAF)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด์™„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์ต์—๋Š” ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์•ž ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ณด์•˜๋“ฏ์ด, ํ•ด์šด์„ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์œ  ์†Œ๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ณ„ํš์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•ด์šด์„ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ์„ ๋ฐ•์„ ์„ค๊ณ„, ๊ตฌ๋งค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ๋งค ์ง€์—ญ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ๋งค๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ •๊ธฐ์„  ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์†๋ ฅ, ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ํ•ญ๋กœ๋‹น ๊ธฐํ•ญ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜, ํˆฌ์ž… ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์œ  ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—„๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฃผํ•ญ๋กœ์—์„œ์˜ ์ •๊ธฐ์„  ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์„ ๋ฐ• ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž…(์„ ๋ฐ• ์ˆ˜ ์กฐ์ •) ์š”์†Œ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2005๋…„2์›”๊ณผ 2007๋…„ 12์›” ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ตฌ์ฃผํ•ญ๋กœ์˜ ์™•๋ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ํ•ญ๋กœ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šด์†ก์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์€ ๊ธฐํ•ญ์ง€์˜ ์ˆซ์ž์— ๋” ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฆ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋‹น ํ‰๊ท  ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ•ญ๋กœ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์„ ๋ฐ• ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ•ด์šดํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ๋ฐ• ๋ณด์œ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅธ ์„ ์†์˜ ์„ ๋ฐ•์„ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์€์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ ๋ฐ•์œผ๋กœ ์„œ๋น„์Šคํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ญ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„ํš ์šด์˜ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ ์† ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ•ญ๋‚ด ํ˜ผ์žก ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ƒ ์•…ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ฐ์„ ๋งŒํšŒํ•˜์—ฌ ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 2005๋…„ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์ƒ์Šน์€, ์„ ๋ฐ• ๋ณด์œ  ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์„ ๋ฐ•์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์†๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์†Œ๋ชจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด ์™”์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํˆฌ์ž… ์„ ๋ฐ• ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ๋Œ€์†๋ ฅ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์†๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ญํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค„์—ฌ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋น„ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•ด์šด์„ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์œ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๋“ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ 2004๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2007๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ ๋ฐ•์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์œ  ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋Šฆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ •๊ธฐ์„  ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์กฐ์ •์ด ๋’ค์ณ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ด์šด์—…์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ง์„ฑ, ์šด์†ก๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ, ์Šค์ผ€์ค„ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์„ ๋ฐ• ํ™•๋ณด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ์ง€์—ฐ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€, ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ •๊ธฐ์„  ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ณ„ํš ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์„ ๋ฐ• ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ธฐํš์ž ๋ฐ ์ •๊ธฐ์„  ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์šด์˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋Œ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด์šด์„ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์„ ๋ฐ•์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์œ  ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ค„์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์„ ๋ฐ• ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํˆฌ์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์œ ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ๋ฐ ์‹ค๋ฌด์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, H์„ ์‚ฌ์˜ AEXํ•ญ๋กœ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ 2007๋…„ 1๋…„๊ฐ„ 8์ฒ™ ์šดํ•ญ ์‹œ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋น„์šฉ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ 2008๋…„ ๊ฐ์†์šดํ•ญ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ 9์ฒ™ ์šดํ•ญ ์‹œ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ์ฐจ์•ก์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ณ€๋™ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€ ์„ ๋ฐ•์†Œ์œ  ๋ฐ ์œ ์ง€๋น„์šฉ ๋ณ€๋™๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ์†์ต๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ณผ ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด 2008๋…„ 7์›” ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋ถ€์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 766 US๋ฅผ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ๋ถˆ๊ณผ4๊ฐœ์›”๋งŒ์—246US๋ฅผ ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถˆ๊ณผ 4๊ฐœ์›” ๋งŒ์— 246 US๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•˜๋ฝ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ํšŒ๋ณต๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ๊ทผ(2009๋…„ 6์›”) 400US๋ฅผ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค.์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ๊ธ‰๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒฝ์ œ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋ณ€๋™์˜์‹œ๋Œ€์—์„ ๋Œ€ํŽธ์„ฑ๊ณ„ํš์‹œH์„ ์‚ฌ์˜์„ ๋ฐ•์ถ”๊ฐ€ํˆฌ์ž…์˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ถ„์„์ด๋ณด๋‹ค๋น ๋ฅธ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ํ† ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋ ์ˆ˜์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.itconsumes230tonsoffuelperday.Forcontainershippingcompany,fueloilpriseisaconsiderableexpense.Inthelast3years,fueloilpriseshaverisenconsiderably.Theincreasingfueloilpriceincontainershipping,intheshortterm,isonlypartiallycompensatedthroughsurchargesandwillthereforeaffectearningsnegatively.ThispaperdealswiththeimpactofincreasingfueloilpriceandcapitalcostsforvesselsonthenumberofvesselsontheAsiaโˆ’Europetrade.Followingstatementsarethedetailmethodsthatareusedinthisresearch.First,throughthedocumentsandprecedenceresearch,thepresentsituationaboutoperationcostandglobalfossilfuelpricefluctuationcanberesearched.Second,throughtheprecedenceresearch,thetypeofreducedoperationcostofafleetofcontainershipscanberesearched.Third,inthesituationthatfuelcostisraised,throughtheexampleofHCompanyโ€™sreactionthatanalyzedthetypesofreductionofoperationcostofacontainerfleetAsperresultofโ€ฒHโ€ฒcarrierโ€ฒsoperationin2008,therewerenocostdifferencebetween8and9vesselsoperationincasethefueloilpriceisUSD169/tonswhileadoptUSD31,818asfixedcost.WecanexpectthatthefueloilpricewillnotbedecreasedunderUSD200๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธ‰๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ๋ณ€๋™์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์„ ๋Œ€ํŽธ์„ฑ ๊ณ„ํš ์‹œ H ์„ ์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ ๋ฐ•์ถ”๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น ๋ฅธ ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ํ† ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.it consumes 230 tons of fuel per day. For container shipping company, fuel oil prise is a considerable expense. In the last 3 years, fuel oil prises have risen considerably. The increasing fuel oil price in container shipping, in the short term, is only partially compensated through surcharges and will therefore affect earnings negatively. This paper deals with the impact of increasing fuel oil price and capital costs for vessels on the number of vessels on the Asia-Europe trade. Following statements are the detail methods that are used in this research. First, through the documents and precedence research, the present situation about operation cost and global fossil fuel price fluctuation can be researched. Second, through the precedence research, the type of reduced operation cost of a fleet of container ships can be researched. Third, in the situation that fuel cost is raised, through the example of H Companyโ€™s reaction that analyzed the types of reduction of operation cost of a container fleet As per result of 'H' carrier's operation in 2008, there were no cost difference between 8 and 9 vessels operation in case the fuel oil price is USD 169/tons while adopt USD 31,818 as fixed cost. We can expect that the fuel oil price will not be decreased under USD 200 /Ton on the basis of current high oil price phenomenon. In conclusion, if the fuel oil price is over USD 200 $/ton, 9 vessels operation is more economic than 8 vessel operation even if the fixed cost is over USD 35,000. Fuel price that was increased to 766 USD in 2008 July was decreased to 246 USD in 2008 November, but it is increased by expectation of global economic recovery and it reaches 415 USD which is over 400 USD recently (2009 June). Under the situation that is rapid fuel price alternation and a sudden change in economy status. This research can be helpful to make quick decision.According to the weak achievement of Container Companyโ€™s, they are trying to have better service and modified company structure. Major merchant companies have been losing their profit because of World economic crisis with falling fares, increased fuel and inland transport cost. Fuel oil cost have doubled in short period by the skyrocket of international crude oil cost, and all merchant company have been suffering problems with their profit. Merchant companies have been striving to make better situation but negative effects which are related to fuel cost are inevitable. As a result of the statistic, the fuel oil cost take 10~20% in the total operation cost so, Merchant company have been pressured by the fuel cost (if the fuel cost is increase 1 USD per ton, companys get pressure 10 million dollar.). The amount which fuel cost take in operation cost is increasing rapidly, follow the increased fuel cost. There is an opinion that if Dubai standard oil rate rocket up to 170 dollar, the ratio of the fuel cost takes in operation cost is going to rise up to 24.1%. Especially container merchant companies which need faster operation speed compared with bulk ships have much more serious problem with profit because of serious pressure on the fuel cost. 70,000 DWT grade bulk ships which operate 13 knots speed consume 36 tons of fuel oil per day but 8,000TEU grade container ship with average speed 22 knots์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  = 1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  = 1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ = 4 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์„ ๋Œ€ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ = 5 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์„ ๋Œ€ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ = 5 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์„ ๋Œ€ ์šด์˜๋น„์šฉ ์ค‘ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋น„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ถ”์ด = 17 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ•์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ƒ์Šน์ด ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ = 25 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ = 30 ์ œ3์žฅ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ ์„ ๋Œ€ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์œ  ์ ˆ๊ฐ ์œ ํ˜• = 38 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์šดํ•ญ์™ธ์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์†Œ๋ชจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ = 38 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์šดํ•ญ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์†Œ๋ชจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ = 42 ์ œ4์žฅ ์„ ๋ฐ• ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํˆฌ์ž…์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ = 51 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒํ•ญ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์š” = 51 ์ œ2์ ˆ โ€˜H'์„ ์‚ฌ์˜ AEX ํ•ญ๋กœ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋ถ„์„ = 62 ์ œ5์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  = 76 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  = 76 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„๊ณผ์ œ = 78 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ = 7

    ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑํšŒ๊ท€๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ด์งˆ์  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ถ„์„

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    DoctorAs the use of data increases in various fields due to the advances of related technologies, data mining that finds valuable information from data is increasingly important. Classification is one of the most common data mining tasks. This thesis focuses on solving two main challenges for a classifier learning. The first challenge is โ€˜heterogeneity in dataโ€™. In real-world classification problems, it is not unusual to encounter data that include mixed types of variables, and the majority of existing classifiers have difficulty in dealing with both categorical and numerical variables simultaneously. Also, heterogeneous class-separating patterns emerge if the data are generated from multiple sources, or the variables have a complex structure of interactions. Second, โ€˜a trade-off between accuracy and interpretabilityโ€™ is another challenge. In general, the best classification accuracy is achieved by โ€œblack-box modelsโ€ that are not interpretable; however, the model interpretability is often the key to success in research areas that require comprehensive human understanding. Logistic regression trees can provide a solution to the two problems. A logistic regression tree is a hybrid approach that combines a decision tree and logistic regression. This approach recursively partitions the input space of data and learns logistic regression models at the leaf nodes. The tree structure can not only treat categorical variables in a natural way using them for splits, but also allows the stratified models to be optimized for the subpopulations that have heterogeneous class-separating patterns. Moreover, the final model that consists of a set of logistic regression models is intuitively interpretable. This research proposes a novel method that constructs logistic regression trees for classification of heterogeneous data. The proposed method consists of two key algorithms. First, a boosting algorithm that efficiently learns sparse logistic regression models in an incremental manner is proposed. An extended version of least angle regression is employed to the LogitBoost algorithm for variable selection. Second, a split selection algorithm for the logistic regression tree is proposed. It uses a split evaluation measure that looks ahead to the classification accuracy of child models without model fitting. Thus, an intermediate node can efficiently compare candidate splits and select the best one without exhaustive search. Experimental results on simulated and real datasets demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed methods. Therefore, this research provides a computationally efficient, accurate and intuitively interpretable classifier for heterogeneous data. The proposed method is helpful for users to make the best possible use of the data that are encountered in a variety of research areas and industries

    ์ œ2ํšŒ ์ถฉ๋‚จ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ „๋žต์—ฐ๊ตฌํฌ๋Ÿผ'์ธํฌ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์›Œํฌ์ˆ'(์ด์ˆ˜๋™)

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    O ๋ชฉ ์  - ์ถฉ๋‚จ๋„์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ์„ ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „์ „๋žต ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ์žฅ ๋งˆ๋ จ - ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ•จ์ถ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ํˆด์ธ ์ธํฌ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ์ถฉ๋‚จ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ถฉ๋‚จ๋ฐœ์ „์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ณต์œ ๋ฅผ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ O ๋‚ด ์šฉ - ๋ฐœํ‘œ) ์ธํฌ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์˜ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ํ™œ์šฉ์ „๋žต_์ด์ˆ˜๋™(์ธํฌ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝํ˜‘ํšŒ ํšŒ์žฅ) O ํ† ๋ก ์ž ์ •๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ(์ถฉ์ฒญ๋‚จ๋„ ํ™๋ณดํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ด€์‹ค ์˜จ๋ผ์ธํŒ€์žฅ), ๊น€ํ˜„์ˆ˜(์ถฉ์ฒญ๋‚จ๋„ ํ™๋ณดํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ด€ ์ฃผ๋ฌด๊ด€), ์ด์šฉ(๋Œ€์ „์ผ๋ณด ๊ตญ์žฅ), ์ด์ถฉํ›ˆ(์ถฉ๋‚จ๋ฐœ์ „์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์„ ์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์œ„์›), ์œค์ •๋ฏธ(์ถฉ๋‚จ๋ฐœ์ „์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์ฑ…์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›) - ์ดํ›„ ์ƒ๋žตย 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌํฌ๋Ÿผ ๊ฐœ์š” 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌํฌ๋Ÿผ ๋ชฉ์  3. ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ฃผ์ œ 4. ํ–‰์‚ฌ ์ˆœ
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