12 research outputs found
Optofluidic System for Microlens and Plasmonic Applications
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Όλ¬Έ (λ°μ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : 곡과λν μ¬λ£κ³΅νλΆ, 2019. 2. μ€μ¬λ₯.κ΄μ 체μνμ κ΄νκ³Ό λ―ΈμΈμ 체μνμ κΈ°λ°μΌλ‘ ν νλ¬ΈμΌλ‘μ¨ κ° λΆμΌμ μ₯μ λ° νΉμ§μ μ κΈ°μ μΌλ‘ νμ©ν΄ κ΄νμμ λ° μ 체μμ€ν
μ λ³΄λ€ μ μ°νκ² κ΅¬μ±ν μ μλ μ₯μ μ κ°μ§κ³ μλ€. μ¦, λ―ΈμΈμ 체μμ€ν
μ μ΄μ©ν΄ κ΄νκΈ°λ₯μ νλ μμλ₯Ό λ€μνκ² κ΅¬ννκ±°λ κ΄νμμ€ν
κ³Ό κ²°ν©λ λ―ΈμΈμ 체μμ€ν
λ΄μμ κ·Ήμλμ μ 체 λ° μ 체 κΈ°λ° μνμ μ‘°μνκ³ μ²λ¦¬νλ κ²μ κ°λ₯νκ² νλ€. μλ₯Ό λ€μ΄, λ³νμ΄ κ°λ₯ν μ 체λ λ§μ΄ν¬λ‘ λ μ¦, λνκ΄ λ±κ³Ό κ°μ κ΄ν μμ€ν
μ μ½κ² μ¬κ΅¬μ±ν μ μκ² νλ μ₯μ μ κ°μ§κ³ μλλ°, μ΄λ λ¨μν μλ‘ λ€λ₯Έ μ±μ§μ κ°μ§ μ 체 λ¬Όμ§λ‘ λ³κ²½νκ±°λ λλ μ 체μ κ³λ©΄ λͺ¨μμ λ³νμν΄μΌλ‘μ¨ κ°λ₯νλ€. ννΈ, κ΄ν μμ€ν
μ μ°κ²°λ λ―ΈμΈμ 체 μμ€ν
μ κ·Ήμλμ μνλ§μ μ΄μ©ν΄ ν¨μ¨μ μΈ λΆμμ ν μ μκ² νλ νΈλ¦¬ν κΈ°λ°μ μ 곡νλ€. μ΄λ¬ν κ΄μ μμ κ΄μ 체μν νμ©μ μν μ°κ΅¬κ° νλ°ν μ§νλκ³ μκ³ , μ΄ μμ€ν
μ μ΄μ©ν λ€μν κ΄ν μμ ꡬμ±, μλ¬Όνμ λΆμ, μλμ§ νλ² μ€ν
, ννμ μΌμ± λ±μ μμ©λ€μ΄ λ§μ΄ μ μλμλ€.
λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμ 2μ₯μμλ 기체-μ‘체 κ³λ©΄μ ννλ₯Ό μλ ₯νμ μΌλ‘ μ‘°μ ν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ κ΄μ 체μν κΈ°λ° λ€μ΄μ λ§μ΄ν¬λ‘ λ μ¦λ₯Ό ꡬννμλ€. λν λ μ¦μ νΉμ±μ κ²°μ νλ 기체-μ‘체 κ³λ©΄ νμ±κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨λ 물리μ νμμ μμΉν΄μ λ° μ΄λ‘ μ λΆμμ ν΅ν΄ μ‘°μ¬νμλ€. μμ λ λ€μ κ³λ©΄μ νμ±μν€κΈ° μν΄ κ΄λ ¨ μ΄λ‘ μ μ΄ν΄νλ κ²μ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμ μ μνλ λ§μ΄ν¬λ‘ λ μ¦ κ΅¬μΆμ μμ΄μ λ§€μ° μ€μν μμμλ€. κ²°λ‘ μ μΌλ‘ 기체-μ‘체 κ³λ©΄μμμ λΉμ νμ νλ©΄μ₯λ ₯ν¨κ³Όκ° λ μ¦ λͺ¨μμ λ§μ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉλ κ²μ μ μ μμκ³ , μ΄ νλ©΄μ₯λ ₯ ν¨κ³Όλ λ μ¦λ₯Ό ꡬμ±νκΈ° μν΄ μ¬μ©ν μ 체μ μ±μ§μ μν΄ κ²°μ λμλ€. λΏλ§ μλλΌ μ μλ λ§μ΄ν¬λ‘ λ μ¦λ 기체μ μ‘체 κ³λ©΄μ κΈ°λ°νκ³ μμΌλ―λ‘, μ΄ λ μ 체μ ν° κ΅΄μ λ₯ μ°¨μ΄λ₯Ό νμ©ν΄ μ‘체-μ‘체 κΈ°λ° λ§μ΄ν¬λ‘ λ μ¦μ λΉκ΅νμ¬ μλμ μΌλ‘ 짧μ μ΄μ 거리λ₯Ό νμ±μν¬ μ μλ€λ μ₯μ μ μ§λκ³ μλ€. μ΄μ κ°μ΄ 짧μ μ΄μ 거리λ₯Ό νμ±νλ λ§μ΄ν¬λ‘ λ μ¦λ μμΌλ‘ λμκ° λμ± μννλ κ΄μ 체μν μμ€ν
μ ꡬννλλ° μμ΄ κΈ°μ¬λ₯Ό ν μ μμ κ²μΌλ‘ κΈ°λλλ€.
3μ₯μμλ κΈμ-μ μ λ¬Όμ§λ‘ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§ νμ΄λΈλ¦¬λ νλΌμ¦λͺ¨λ κΈ°νμ μ€κ³νκ³ μ μν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ ν₯μλ νλΌμ¦λͺ¨λ μ§κ²λ₯Ό μ μνμλ€. μ€νμ μΌλ‘λ ν΄λ¦¬μ€νμ΄λ μ
μμ E.coli μΈν¬λ₯Ό μ‘κ³ μ‘°μν΄λ³΄μλ€. μ΄ μμ€ν
μμ νλΌμ¦λͺ¨λ μ§κ²μ μ±λ₯μ ν₯μμν€κΈ° μν΄ κ΅μνλ©΄νλΌμ¦λͺ¬κ³΅λͺ
νμ (LSPR)μ νμ©νμλλ°, μ΄λ κ΅μ νλ©΄μ κ·Όμ μ₯μ μλμ§λ₯Ό μ¦νμν€κΈ° μν λꡬλ‘μ λ§μ κ΄μ¬μ λ°κ³ μλ κ΄νμ νμμ΄λ€. λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ μ΄ LSPRνμμ μν΄ μ λλ μ΄λ°μ ν¨κ³Όλ₯Ό μ΄μ©ν΄ ν¨μ¨μ μΌλ‘ μ
μ λ° μΈν¬λ₯Ό μ‘λ λ―ΈμΈ κ΄μ 체 μμ€ν
μ ꡬννμλ€. λν κΆκ·Ήμ μΌλ‘ μ΄ μμ€ν
μ ν¨μ¨μ λμΈ νμ΄λΈλ¦¬λ νλΌμ¦λͺ¨λ ꡬ쑰체μ μλμ§ ν¨κ³Όλ₯Ό λΆμ λ° μ
μ¦νκΈ° μν΄ μμΉν΄μ λ° μ€νμ λΆμμ μ§ννλ€. νμ΄λΈλ¦¬λ ꡬ쑰체 λμ
μ κΈλλ
Έ μ
μμ LSPR νμμ λ κ°νμν€κΈ° μν κ²μ΄μκ³ , λ¨μν μμ° μ°νλ¬Ό λλ
Έλ§λκΈ°μ κ²°ν©λ κΈλλ
Έ μ
μ ꡬ쑰체λ₯Ό μ μν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ ν₯μλ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ»μ μ μμλ€. κ²°λ‘ μ μΌλ‘, μμ°μ°νλ¬Ό λλ
Έλ§λκΈ°κ° μ
μ¬λ λΉλ³΄λ€ λ μ¦νλ λΉμ νλ©΄μ λΆμ°©λ κΈ λλ
Έμ
μμ μ λ¬νλ μν μ νμκ³ κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όλ‘ νλΌμ¦λͺ¨λ μ§κ²μ μ±λ₯μ μλ±ν μ¦κ°μμΌμ£Όμλ€. μ΄μ κ°μ΄ ν₯μλ νλΌμ¦λͺ¨λ κΈ°ν μ μκ³Ό κ·Έ λ°°κ²½μ λν μ¬λ κΉμ λΆμμ μμΌλ‘ κ΄μ 체 μμ€ν
μ κΈ°λ°ν ν¨μ¨μ μΈ μννμ λΆμ νλ«νΌμ ꡬμΆνλλ° μμ΄μ λ§μ λμμ μ€ μ μμ κ²μΌλ‘ μμλλ€.
4μ₯μμλ νλΌμ¦λͺ¨λ νμμ μν΄ ν₯μλ λΉ μλμ§ νλ² μ€ν
μμ€ν
μ ꡬννμλλ°, μ΄λ₯Ό μν΄ νμ΄λΈλ¦¬λ νλΌμ¦λͺ¨λ κ΄μ κ·Ήμ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμ ꡬνν λ°μ΄μ€ κΈ°λ° κ΄μ μ§ μμ€ν
μ μκ·ΉμΌλ‘ νμ©νμλ€. ν΄λΉ μμ€ν
μμ νμ μλμ§ μ νμ Synechocystis sp. μΈν¬μ κ΄ν©μ± νμκ³Ό νμ΄λΈλ¦¬λ νλΌμ¦λͺ¨λ μκ·Ή (ZnONRs/AuNPs) ꡬ쑰체μ κ΄μ¬κΈ°, κ΄μ°λ κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ νλΌμ¦λͺ¨λ νμμ κΈ°μ΄νλ€. λν λ³Έ μμ€ν
μ μ κΈ° μμ°μ μν΄ λ§€μ° μλμ μΈν¬ μ©μ‘ (μλ§μ΄ν¬λ‘ 리ν°)μ νμλ‘ νλ€. λΏλ§ μλλΌ μ¬μ©λ νλΌμ¦λͺ¨λ μκ·Ήμ κ΄μμ λμ μ€ννΈλΌ μμμμ λΉ μλμ§ νλ² μ€ν
μ κ°λ₯νκ² νλλ°, μ΄λ νλΌμ¦λͺ¨λ κ΅¬μ‘°μ²΄κ° LSPRμ μν΄ μ λλ νμμΌλ‘ μΈν΄ μ체μ μΌλ‘ μ μλ₯Ό μμ±ν λΏλ§ μλλΌ μΈν¬μ κ΄ν©μ± νλμ ν¨μ¬ λ ν₯μμμΌμ£Όλ κ²μΌλ‘λΆν° κΈ°μ¬λλ€. κ²°κ³Όμ μΌλ‘ νλΌμ¦λͺ¨λ νμμ μν΄ ν₯μλ λ°μ΄μ€ κΈ°λ° κ΄μ μ§ μμ€ν
μ μ΄μ©νμ λ νκΈ°μ μΈ νμ ν₯μμ μ»μ μ μμμΌλ©°, μκ·ΉμΌλ‘ λ¨μν ITO glassλ₯Ό μ¬μ©ν μμ€ν
κ³Ό λΉκ΅νμ λ μ½ 17.3 λ°°μ ν΄λΉνλ νμλ₯Ό μ»μλ€. μ΄λ¬ν κ΄μ μμ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμ μ μλ νλΌμ¦λͺ¨λ μκ·Ή νλ«νΌμ μμΌλ‘ κ΄μ 체 μμ€ν
μ κΈ°λ°ν ν¨μ¨μ μΈ μλμ§ νλ² μ€ν
μμ€ν
μ ꡬννλλ° μμ΄ κΈ°μ¬ν μ μμ κ²μΌλ‘ κΈ°λλλ€.Optofluidics is an interdisciplinary research of optics and microfluidics, which enables flexible optical functions by using microfluidic system or enables manipulation of small amounts of fluids (or sample solution) by using optics. Therefore, on the one hand, deformable fluids make it possible to easily reconfigure the optical system such as microlens, waveguides, etc. by simply replacing the liquid material or deforming the fluid interface. On the other hand, the microfluidic system coupled to optical components can provide beneficial platform for handling and analyzing only small amounts of interesting fluid samples at microscale. In this regard, optofluidics is being rapidly developed in various applications such as optical component construction, biological analysis, energy harvesting, chemical sensing, etc.
In Chapter 2, a tunable optofluidic microlens is demostrated by using a hydrodynamically controllable gas-liquid interface. The relevant physics governing the interface formation are exploited through numerical and theoretical analyses as well. Understanding the physics is important to fabricate the stable multiphasic interface which determines the performance of the lens. We show that non-linear surface tension effect at the gas- liquid interface significantly affects the lens shape and is dependent on the values of fluid parameters. Since our in-plane microlens is based on the gas-liuquid multiphase, a relatively short focal lenth can be obtained due to the intrinsically large distinction of the refractive indices across the gas-liquid interface. This short focal length would then contribute to realization of more miniatureized optofluidic system for a lab on a chip application.
In chapter 3, an enhanced plasmonic tweezer is suggested by designing and fabricating the metal-dielectric hybrid plasmonic substrate for trapping polystyrene particles or E.coli cells. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is an emerging optical phenomenon as a promising tool for near-field energy enhancement. Therefore we utilize the LSPR-induced heating effect for fabricating an efficient microscale trapping system. The synergistic effects of the hybrid plasmonic structure are explored through numerical and experimental analyses. In order to more intensify the LSPR-induced plasmonic effects, we simply introduce the hybrid structure which consists of zinc oxide nanorods (ZnONRs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). We show that ZnONRs transfer the amplified light energy to AuNPs at the interfaces between the ZnONRs and the AuNPs via leaky wave guide modes. Thus, the ZnONRs enhance the LSPR of the AuNPs as well as the trapping performance outstandingly. Our hybrid plasmonic substrate and in-depth analyses would contribute to the construction of an effective optofluidic biological analysis platform through the efficient trapping/manipulation of the fluid-based sample.
In chapter 4, a plasmon-enhanced light harvesting system is developed by introducing a hybrid plasmonic photoelectrode as a photoanode of our bio-photovoltaic system. The solar energy conversion is based on the photosynthesis of cells (Synechocystis sp.) and the photoexcitation, scattering and plasmonic effects of the hybrid plasmonic photoanode (ZnONRs/AuNPs) under the irradiation. The system contains only small amount of cell solution for the current production. Moreover, the plasmonic photoanode enables the efficient light harvesting in broadband of the light source by not only generating electrons itself but also stimulating the photosynthetic activity of the cells through the LSPR-induced effects. An anomalous power improvement about 17.3-fold can be obtained from the plasmon-enhanced bio-photovoltaic system, compared to the control system of which photoanode is the bare ITO glass. In this respect, our plasmonic photoanode platform would give an inspiration for fabricating an efficient energy harvesting system based on the optofluidic device.Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1. Optofluidics . 1
1.2. Research background . 3
1.2.1. Microfluidics 3
1.2.2. Plasmonics 5
1.2.3. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). 7
1.3. Objectives of present work. 11
1.4. References . 12
Chapter 2. Tunable Multiphase Microlens. 14
2.1. Introduction . 14
2.2. Experimental section 19
2.2.1. Design and fabrication of the optofluidic chip. 19
2.2.2. Materials 19
2.2.3. Experimental set-up . 21
2.3. Numerical analysis. 22
2.4. Theoretical analysis 23
2.5. Results and discussion 25
2.5.1. Lens shape 25
2.5.2. Non-linear surface tension effect on the lens shape. 25
2.5.3. Characteristics of the tunable microlens 30
2.6. Summary 38
2.7. References . 39
Chapter 3. Enhanced Plasmonic Tweezer 41
3.1. Introduction . 41
3.2. Experimental section 44
3.2.1. Preparation of plasmonic substrate 44
3.2.2. Experimental set-up . 45
3.2.3. Temperature measurement . 45
3.2.4. Particle trapping experiment 46
3.3. Numerical analysis. 50
3.4. Results and discussion 53
3.4.1. Prediction and analysis of synergistic effects 53
3.4.2. Characterization of plasmonic substrate 58
3.4.3. Plasmonic heating 58
3.4.4. Enhanced particle trapping performance . 64
3.4.5. Verification of synergistic effects. 65
3.4.6. Analysis of trapping forces 70
3.5. Summary 75
3.6. References . 76
Chapter 4. Plasmon-enhanced Light Harvesting System 79
4.1. Introduction . 79
4.2. Experimental Section . 84
4.2.1. Preparation of plasmonic anodes . 84
4.2.2. Preparation of cell solution and MEA 84
4.2.3. Device assembly 85
4.2.4. Electrochemical characterization . 85
4.2.5. Angle-dependent light scattering measurement . 86
4.3. Numerical analysis. 91
4.4. Results and discussion 93
4.4.1. Characterization of plasmonic anodes 93
4.4.2. Living solar cell performance 98
4.4.3. Working mechanism of plasmon-enhanced living solar cell 101
4.4.4. Broadband multiplex living solar cell 103
4.4.5. Far-field scattering effect . 105
4.4.5.1. Structural effect . 105
4.4.5.2. Size effect of AuNPs . 111
4.5. Summary 114
4.6. References . 115
Korean Abstract 118Docto
Wynter, Fanon, and Liminal Bodies
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Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬) -- μμΈλνκ΅λνμ : μΈλ¬Έλν λ―Ένκ³Ό, 2023. 8. Peter W. Milne.In this thesis, I investigate the nature of embodied affect and suggest the vicarious experience of liminal bodies as holding the potential for overcoming neocolonialism. By naming the current global situation as neocolonial, I intend to deal with colonialism not simply as a historico-political concept, but as being fundamentally linked to the now globally hegemonic Western structure of thought. This thesis assumes that at the core of the Western episteme are two main divisions in the understanding of human nature: a division between mind and body, and another division between reason and sense. I attempt to suture these divisions by analyzing the racialized bodies and their lived experiences. I refer to the racialized bodies of colonial and neocolonial times as liminal bodies in order to highlight the contradictory sensations that are experienced by racialized, colonized beings toward their own bodies.
Through reading of Sylvia Wynter and Frantz Fanon, I demonstrate that liminal bodies lived experience becomes an essential proof that normative affects are discursively conditioned and serve a core function in the perpetuation of neocolonialism. I present Maturanas concept of autopoiesis to demonstrate the reciprocal relationship between society and human consciousness. Based on the newly found understanding that sensuous cognitions are fundamental to human consciousness and overall cognitive activities, I propose that in the lived experiences of liminal bodies exist certain instances of sensuous and affective perception which allow them to perceive the boundary of the hegemonic colonial discourse.
In this regard, I invest in the affective experience of liminal bodies as holding the potential for the overturning of neocolonialism and the building of an alternative collective consciousness. Therefore, I analyze a few cultural productions as examples which afford the audience to situate themselves in the liminal bodies. Ultimately, I suggest that the subversion of neocolonialism will lead to the very transformation of bodies as well as in their lived experience. Emphasizing both the sensuous cognition and the experience of cultural productions in countering the influence of neocolonialism, I present my thesis as an attempt at a preliminary outlining of a countercolonial aesthetics.λ³Έκ³ λ μ€λΉμ μν°μ νλμΈ νλμ μ΄λ‘ μ κΈ°λ°νμ¬ κ²½κ³μ λͺΈλ€(liminal bodies)μ 체νλ κ²½νλ€(lived experience)μ μ 볡μ κ°λ₯μ±μ νꡬνλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό μν΄ μ°μ λ³Έκ³ λ μ€λλ μ μ μ§κ΅¬μ μΈ μκΈ° μν©μ μ μλ―Όμ£Όμ(neocoloniality)μ μνλ‘ μ§λ¨νλ€. μ΄λ¬ν μΈμμ μλ―Όμ£Όμλ₯Ό ν€κ²λͺ¨λνλ μꡬμ μ¬μ ꡬ쑰μ κ·Όλ³Έμ μΌλ‘ μ°κ²°λ κ²μΌλ‘ ν΄μνλ νμλ―Όμ (decolonial)μΈ μ κ·Όλ²μ κΈ°λ°νλ€. λ³Έκ³ λ μꡬμ μΈμ체κ³μ ν΅μ¬μλ μΈκ° λ³Έμ±μ λν λ κ°μ§μ μ΄λΆλ²μ μΈ μ΄ν΄κ° μλ€κ³ νμ
νλ€. μ°μ μΈκ°μ λ³Έμ§μ λν΄μλ μ μ κ³Ό μ μ²΄λ‘ λλ μ¬νκ³Ό μ κ·Όμ΄ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ Έ μμΌλ©°, λν μΈκ°μ μμμ λν΄μλ μ΄μ±κ³Ό κ°κ°μ΄λΌλ μ΄λΆλ²μ μ΄κ³ μκ³νλ μΈμ§κ° μμ λμ΄ μ¨ κ²μ΄λ€. λ³Έκ³ λ μ΄λ¬ν μꡬμ μΈμ μ²΄κ³ μμμ μΈμ’
μ΄λΌλ νꡬμ κ°λ
μ΄ μΈκ°μ λͺΈμ λ§μμμ‘κ³ , μ΄λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ μΈκ°μ λͺΈμ΄ μνΈκ΅ν κ°λ₯ν(fungible) μ¬νλ‘μ¨ μλ―Όμ£Όμμ μ μλ―Όμ£Όμ μ¬ν μμμ μ°©μ·¨λμ΄ μλ€κ³ λΆμνλ€.
λ³Έκ³ λ μΈμ’
νλ λͺΈλ€κ³Ό κ·Έλ€μ 체νλ κ²½νμ μ€μ²μ μΌλ‘ λΆμν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ μ΄λ¬ν μ΄λΆλ²λ€μ λ΄ν©νκ³ μ νλ€. λ³Έκ³ λ μλ―Όμ§ μλμ μ μλ―Όμ£Όμ μλμ μΈμ’
νλ λͺΈλ€μ κ²½κ³μ λͺΈμ΄λΌκ³ μ§μΉνλ€. κ²½κ³μ λͺΈμ μΈμ’
νλ νΌμλ―Ό 주체λ€μ΄ μ€μ€λ‘μ μ 체μ λνμ¬ κ²½ννλ λͺ¨μλ κ°κ°λ€μ λΆκ°νκΈ° μν΄ κ³ μλμλ€. λ³Έκ³ λ λ§μΆλΌλμ μκΈ°μμ°μ²΄κ³ κ°λ
μ κΈ°λ°νμ¬, ν μ¬νμ κ°μΈ μ¬μ΄μλ κ·λ²μ μΈ μμμ ꡬμ±μ ν΅ν μνΈμ κ΄κ³κ° μ‘΄μ¬νλ©°, μ΄λ¬ν κ·λ²μ μμμ ꡬμ±μλ μ λμ 쑰건νκ° ν΅μ¬μ μΈ μν μ νλ€λ κ²μ μ μνλ€. μ΄ κ³Όμ μμ λ³Έκ³ λ μΈκ°μ μμκ³Ό μ λ(affect) μ¬μ΄μ κ΄κ³λ₯Ό 체νλ μΈμ§(embodied cognition)μ κ΄μ μμ μ¬μ μνλ€.
체νλ μ λκ³Ό κ°κ°μ μΈμμ΄ μΈκ°μ μμκ³Ό μ¬νμ ꡬμ±μ ν΅μ¬μ μ΄λΌλ μ΄ν΄λ₯Ό λ°νμΌλ‘, λ³Έκ³ λ κ²½κ³μ λͺΈλ€μ 체νλ κ²½ν μμλ ν€κ²λͺ¨λνλ μ μλ―Όμ£Όμμ λ΄λ‘ μ νκ³μ λν μΈμ§λ₯Ό μ 곡νλ νΉμν κ°κ°μ μ§κ°μ μκ°λ€μ΄ μ‘΄μ¬νλ€κ³ μ μνλ€. λμκ°, λ³Έκ³ λ κ²½κ³μ λͺΈμ κ°κ°μ μ§κ°μ κ°μ μ μΌλ‘ κ²½ννλ κ²μ΄ μ μλ―Όμ£Όμμ μ 볡μ μν΄ κΈ°λ₯ν μ μμμ μ μνλ€. μ΄μ λν μμλ‘, λ³Έκ³ λ κ²½κ³μ λͺΈμ 체νλ κ²½νμ κ΄κ°μκ² μ 곡νλ λͺλͺ λ¬Ένμ μμ°λ¬Όλ€μ λΆμνλ€. κΆκ·Ήμ μΌλ‘, λ³Έκ³ λ μ μλ―Όμ£Όμμ μ λ³΅μ΄ λͺΈμ 체νλ κ²½νλΏλ§ μλλΌ λͺΈ μ체μ λ³νλ‘ μ΄μ΄μ§ μ μλ€κ³ μ μνλ€. 체νλ μ λκ³Ό κ°κ°μ κ²½νμ μ 볡μ±μ λν νꡬλ₯Ό κΈ°λ°μΌλ‘ μ μλ―Όμ£Όμμ λν λμ΄μκΈ°λ₯Ό μμνλ€λ μ μμ, λ³Έκ³ λ μΉ΄μ΄ν°μ½λ‘λμΌ λ―Ένμ λν κ°κ΄μμ κΈ°μ΄μ μΈ μλλΌκ³ ν μ μλ€.Abstract ii
Introduction 1
Chapter 1. Sociogeny and The Sociogenetic Principle 16
1.1. On the Nature of Human Consciousness 16
1.2. Language and Culture 20
1.3. The Lived Experience of the Black Man 25
1.4. Sociogeny and The Sociogenetic Principle 31
Chapter 2. Against the Grain : Countering the Neocolonial Discourse 38
2.1. Aesthetics and Autopoesis 38
2.2. Aesthetics 2 and the Neocolonial Discourse 43
2.3. Deciphering Practice 48
2.4. Liminal Figures 52
Chapter 3. Towards a Countercolonial Aesthetics 59
3.1. Autopoetic Turn/Overturn and Liminal Bodies 59
3.2. Counter-Productions as Sites of Becoming Liminal Bodies 64
3.3. Transformation in Bodies 77
Conclusion 81
Bibliography 87
κ΅λ¬Έ μ΄λ‘ 92μ
The Effect of Androsterone as the Metabolite of Testosterone to Seizure Suppression
Background: Androsterone is one of the major metabolites from testosterone whose clinical importance remains unclear. This study evaluated the effects of androsterone on seizure susceptibility in mouse models of epilepsy. Methods: The efficacy of androsterone (10~200 mg/kg, i.p.) against seizures induced by various GABA receptor antagonists and glutamate receptor agonists was evaluated. Results: Androsterone protected mice against seizures induced by PTZ (pentylenetetrazol), PCX (picrotoxin), and DMCM (methyl-6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-Ξ²-carboline-3-carboxylate) in a dose-dependent manner. Androsterone did not protect against seizures induced by kainic acid, NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid), or 4-AP (4-aminopyridine) in mice. Conclusions: These results suggest that androsterone exhibits anticonvulsant activity that occurs largely via nongenomic mechanisms. Testosterone-derived androsterone might be an endogenous protective neuroactive steroid in the brain. Key Words: Androsterone, GABA, Seizure, Neuroactive steroidope
A Study on the Formation Principles of Memory Narratives as Illustrated in the Historical Legends and Bonpuri of Jeju Island
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Όλ¬Έ(λ°μ¬) -- μμΈλνκ΅λνμ : μΈλ¬Έλν κ΅μ΄κ΅λ¬Ένκ³Ό, 2021.8. μ‘°νμ€.From Dangshin Bonpuri and the legends of Jeju Island are found many versions of episodes that are based on historic events, such as the entrance of Sambyeolcho into Jeju Island in the Goryeo Dynasty in 1271 (the 12th year of the reign of King Wonjong); Japanese invasions, as represented by the Cheonmipo Japanese Invasion in 1552 of the Choson Dynasty (the 7th year of the reign of King Myungjong); Lee Hyung-sangβs removal of Shindangs (shrines) in 1702 (the 28th year of the reign of King Sookjong); and the Disturbances of the Year of White Ox (Shinchuk) in 1901 (the 5th year of Kwangmu). This indicates that Dangshin Bonpuri and the legends of Jeju Island took a role of evidencing, and reflecting on, the memories of the community while in the absence of official historical records. This paper conceptualizes the term βmemory narrativesβ as narrativized memories that are verbally transmitted for a long transition period and condensed into a single, specific form of a story. Here this paper attempts to assess aspects of βmemory narrativesβ and derive the formation principles that enabled the embodiment of the historic events, particularly with an aim to further revamp the existing study of tale branches through analysis of differences between myths and legends.
In Chapter 2, this paper offers a chronological evaluation of the materials related to the four historic events that are to be discussed hereafter, categorizing them into legends and Bonpuri.
In Chapter 3, this paper evaluates the four aspects of memory narratives. First, in the legend of Sambyeolcho in the Goryeo Dynasty is illustrated a map of a village as a military base around the villages near the Hangpaduri Fortress. The presence of Agi Upge (a girl baby-watcher) who reveals to the Yeomong Allied Forces how to enter the fortress indicates that she had but to leave the fortress for survival. In Dangshin Bonpuri related to Sambyeolcho in the Goryeo Dynasty, there are versions of episodes that intentionally ignore the anti-Mongolian aspects of the historic events. The episodes intentionally neglects the anti-Mongolian context in order to portray Kim Tong-jung as a good person at a time, and as a villain at another occasion.
Second, regarding the Japanese invasion of Jeju Island, the legend of Tosandang reveals strong disgust held by the outsiders from the Tosan-ri village towards the snake faith of Tosandang. As a result, the existence of the Tosandang goddess is denied even by parts of episodes collected in Tosan-ri. Nevertheless, in the episodes, the existence of the Japanese invaders is specifically mentioned in relation to the snake faith of Tosandang. With this in consideration, the existence of βJaundang Bonpuriβ is significant, as the goddess of Tosandang is said to have settled down in Jaundang while on her way to get married as a concubine to the god of Shinpung-ri Bonhyangdang in exchange for the godβs thwarting of the Japanese invasion. In comparison, βTosanaldang Bonpuriβ explains the Japanese invasion as a punishment from the goddess to the village, disregarding the goddessβ marriage with the god as irrelevant to the Japanese invasion.
In the legend related to Lee Hyung-sangβs removal of Shindangs, there is a version of an episode that talks of Lee Hyung-sangβs defeat against Jeju Shindangs, while another version mentions Lee Hyung-sangβs victory. This paper has noted that, in the case of the latter version, the legends of other historical figures that previously existed under the name of civilization missions are combined into Lee Hyung-sang. In Bonpuri related to Lee Hyung-sangβs removal of Shindangs, his removal is acknowledged and then followed by Bonpuris that discuss the reconstruction of Shindangs, while there are another version of Bonpuri that denies his removal and claims persisting existence of Shindangs. That is, Lee Hyung-sangβs removal of Shindangs is occasionally neglected depending on the purpose of a villageβs Shindang.
The legend regarding the Disturbances of the Year of White Ox (Shinchuk) points to extraterritorial rights granted to French priests that triggered the rebellion and lawless disorder. In the absence of the existing order in Jeju Island, Lee Jae-soo is remembered as a hero who attempted to address the situation with the laws. In light of this, however, he is relatively little mentioned in Bonpuri. This is because in βGodochaebi Bonpuri,β the episodes considers Godochaebi, not Lee Jae-soo, to be a hero during the Disturbances of the Year of White Ox (Shinchuk) and therefore to be the ancestral god. This suggests that Bonpuri plays down and conceals Lee Jae-soo, who was executed as a traitor, and instead presents Godochaebi as the warlord ancestral god (Gunwoong ancestral god). In this context, Godochaebi is a shadow hero.
In Chapter 4, this paper combined the considerations discussed above to determine the formation principles of memory narratives by branch. First, the formation principles of memory narratives in legends is βfalse memory.β False memory is deeply related to the nature of the place of storytelling which immediately allows inquisitors and audience to argue about an informantβs oral performance. Considering the hierarchy of Jeju Island residentsβ collective memories in particular, it can be derived that false memory as revealed in the legends displays certain regularities that are centered on the βinternalβ and the βexternalβ of Jeju Island.
In the case of the removal of Shindangs, Lee Hyung-sang is often confused to be Judge Seo-ryeon and Moksa Ki-gun, and this is noted as false memory despite the presence of obvious evidence such as the monuments of Judge Seo-ryeon or documents of Moksa Ki-gun. Furthermore, the powerful βexternalβ figure of Jeju Island, Lee Hyung-sang, overwhelms other βexternalβ figures such as Judge Seo-ryeon and Moksa Ki-gun, revealing indiscriminate perception on the βexternal.βIn regards to Sambyeolcho, there are multiple external figures, resulting in differentiated perceptions on them. In the legends emphasizing homogeneity between the βexternalβ that is Sambyeolcho and the βinternalβ of Jeju Island, the target Kim Tong-jung attempts to fight is set as an enemy of unclear identity, and thus attempting to reorganize the homogenic external of Sambyeolcho and the internal of Jeju Island into one. In contrast, in the legend emphasizing homogeneity between the βexternalβ that is Yeomong Allied Forces and the βinternalβ of Jeju Island, Kim Tong-jung is defined as the heterogenous external, just like Qin Shi Huang of the Qin Dynasty, and thus reconstructing the relationship between the internal and the external of Jeju Island.
It is to be noted that Lee Jae-soo was strictly the one that represented the βinternalβ of Jeju Island with regards to the Disturbances of the Year of White Ox (Shinchuk). When the Catholic represented the heterogeneous external as the Western modern, the Hanyang regime was recognized as the homogeneous external in comparison. Nevertheless, the ultimate results in which Lee Jae-soo was deemed a traitor by the Hanyang regime and executed triggered the recognition that the Hanyang regime was the homogeneous external with a focus on the βexternal.β
With regards to the Japanese invasions, the snake goddess of Naju is the βhomogeneous externalβ in that she represents a faith with controlling influence on Tosan-ri; and the Japanese forces the βheterogeneous externalβ in that they push away the homogeneous external. On another note, in contrast to the external legends evidencing influence of the snake faith of Tosandang, there is a legend in Tosan-ri that claims the snake faith of Tosandang did not exist from the beginning. The legend that states a virgin who turned into a snake forced out the Japanese forces, while denying the existence of the snake faith of Tosandang, suggests the presence of suppressed memory beyond false memory.
Unlike the place of storytelling in which legends are orally performed, the place of a shamanic rite in which Bonpuri is orally performed does not allow immediate arguments when oral statements from a Simbang are different from the memories of inquisitors or audience. In reviewing the formation principles of memory narratives in Bonpuri, it should be considered that the place of a shamanic rite is a site of ceremony. The formation principles memory narratives in Bonpuri are the βforeclosureβ and βtraces.β First, in a series of Bonpuris, the principle of βforeclosureβ are in place in which certain historic events are perceived to have never occurred. In Bonpuri related to the removal of Shindangs, the context of the Shindang removal is foreclosed in βKimnyeongdang Bonpuriβ and βDuribiletdang Bonpuri.β Particularly in βKimnyeongdang Bonpuri,β Gochong Chisan (maintenance of ancestral old tombs) is also foreclosed in addition to the Shindang removal, and this is Bonpuriβs strategy to prevent the connection among the βexternal.β
In Bonpuri related to Sambyeolcho, there also exists Bonpuri that forgets the anti-Mongolian context while presenting Kim Tong-jung as a protagonist. Yusuam-ri, a town that was formed as a result of Kim Tong-jungβs entrance into Jeju Island, has a memory of the massacre by the Yeomong Allied Forces. Therefore βGeumdeok-ri-dang Bonpuriβ erases the memory of the anti-Mongolian movement in order to pay homage to Kim Tong-jung. The fact that Sambyeolcho was deeply involved in the formation of Yusuam-ri suggests that Sambyeolcho of the Goryeo Dynasty, represented by Kim Tong-jung, might have positioned itself as the βcompositional externalβ of the village. In contrast, Gonae-ri, a village that took a role of defending against the Japanese forces from ancient times, is a village thatβs closely related to the Yeomong Allifed Forces, and in βGonae Bonhyangdang Bonpuriβ, the memory of the anti-Mongolian movement is removed in order to shape Kim Tong-jung as a villain. Conversely, in Gona-ri, it is possible to conjecture that the Yeomong Allifed Forces might have positioned itself at least as the βhomogeneous external,β if not the βcompositional external.β
In relation to the Disturbances of the Year of White Ox (Shinchuk), there is Josangshin Bonpuri (Bonpuri to ancestral gods), that is, βGodochaebi Bonpuri.β Lee Jae-soo is a figure that represents the βinternalβ of Jeju Island, and the fact that he is at the forefront of the history is a distinctive difference from other memory narratives. The problem is that such a figure representing the internal of Jeju Island is recorded as a βtraitorβ in history. βGodochaebi Bonpuriβ emphasizes that this Bonpuri fails to acknowledge the Disturbances of the Year of White Ox (Shinchuk) as a βsinβ of the people. From this standpoint, Lee Jae-soo is bound to be foreclosed. What Bonpuri intends to remember is not a hero who was executed as a traitor but a hero who proudly returned home after being awarded the kingβs rewards.
Not every Bonpuri uses foreclosure as the formation principle. Certain series of Bonpuris retain historic events or historical figures in the form of βtraces.β At this time, the βtracesβ mean being βrememberedβ to remain, while containing elements of βoblivion.β βOedo bonhyangdang Bonpuriβ testified that, despite Lee Hyung-sangβs removal of Shindangs, the shrines survived to witness the April 3rd Uprising and Massacre in Jeju with villagers. Lee Hyung-sangβs arson is a βtraceβ that indicates Shindangsβ persisting existence with the history of the village. It is to be noted that Shindang explains that the cause of Jeju residentsβ suffering during the April 3rd Uprising and Massacre was but due to activities of the external of Jeju Island.
As summarized above, this paper discusses the historical legends and Bonpuri of Jeju Island from various perspectives through the concept of memory narratives. While the memory theory has been used as a methodological approach in oral literature, the concept has been only partially discussed and there has rarely been a comprehensive discussion of the two branches of legends and myths. Given this, this paper would like to note its significance in that the memory narratives in oral literature are substantially discussed. The formation principles of memory narratives as suggested by this paper can be applied to analysis of other legends and myths. The focus of this paper is specifically limited to the topic of the historical legends and Bonpuri of Jeju Island, however, and expansion of discussions around the materials of memory narratives and further analysis are to be visited at a later time.μ μ£Όλ μ μ€κ³Ό λΉμ λ³Ένμ΄μλ κ³ λ €μλ μΌλ³μ΄μ μ
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λλ‘λΆν° μ€μ΄μ΄ λ μ μμ리λ μ¬λͺ½μ°ν©κ΅°μ μν νμ΄μ κΈ°μ΅μ΄ μλ€. λ°λΌμ λ κΉν΅μ μ μμνκΈ° μν΄ νλͺ½μ κΈ°μ΅μ μ§μ΄λ€. μ μμ리μ μ€μ΄μ μΌλ³μ΄κ° κΉμμ΄ κ°μ
νλ€λ μ¬μ€μ κΉν΅μ μΌλ‘ λνλλ κ³ λ € μΌλ³μ΄κ° μ΄ λ§μμ βꡬμ±μ μΈλΆβλ‘ μ리νμ κ°λ₯μ±μ μμνλ€. μ΄μ λ°λλ‘ μ§νμ μλ‘λΆν° μμ μ λ°©λΉνκΈ° μν λ§μμ΄μλ κ³ λ΄λ¦¬λ μ¬λͺ½μ°ν©κ΅°κ³Ό κΈ΄λ°ν μ°κ²°λ λ§μλ‘μ μμλ κΉν΅μ μ μ
μΈμΌλ‘ νμννκΈ° μν΄ νλͺ½μ κΈ°μ΅μ μμ€λ€. μμΌλ‘ κ³ λ΄λ¦¬μμλ μ¬λͺ½μ°ν©κ΅°μ΄ βꡬμ±μ μΈλΆβμλ€κ³ κΉμ§ λ§ν μλ μμ΄λ, μ μ΄λ βλμ§μ μΈλΆβλ‘ μ리νμ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ μλ κ²μ΄λ€.
μ μΆλ
λ리 κ΄λ ¨ λ³Ένμ΄μμ μ΄μ¬μλ₯Ό νμ νκ³ μλ κ²μ μ΄λ€. μ μΆλ
λ리λ μ μ£Όλ βλ΄λΆβλ₯Ό μμ§νλ μΈλ¬Όμ΄ μμ¬μ μ λ©΄μ λμ μ¬κ±΄μ΄μλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ κ·Έλ¬ν μΈλ¬Όμ΄ μμ¬μ βμμ βμΌλ‘ κΈ°μ
λλ€λ μ¬μ€μ λ¬Έμ μ μ΄λ€. λ³Ένμ΄κ° κΈ°μ΅νκ³ μΆμ κ²μ μμ μΌλ‘ νμ₯μ μ΄μ¬μ΄ λμ΄λ²λ¦° μμ
μ΄ μλλΌ μκΈμ μ΄μ¬νμ νμ¬λ°κ³ λΉλΉνκ² κ·ν₯ν μμ
μ΄κΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€. μ΄λ¬ν 견μ§μμ μ΄μ¬μλ νμ λ μλ°μ μλ€.
νΉμ ν λ³Ένμ΄λ€μ μμ¬μ μ¬κ±΄ νΉμ μμ¬μ μΈλ¬Όμ βνμ βμ ννλ‘ κ°μ§νκ³ μλ€. μ΄λ βνμ βμ βκΈ°μ΅βλμ΄ λ¨μ κ²μ λ»νλ©΄μλ κ·Έ μμ βλ§κ°βμ μμλ₯Ό ν¬ν¨νλ€. λ μ΄νμμ μ λΉ μ² νμλ λΆκ΅¬νκ³ μ λΉμ΄ μ΄μλ¨μ λ§μ μ£Όλ―Όκ³Ό ν¨κ» 4.3μ¬κ±΄μ λͺ©κ²©νλ€κ³ μ¦μΈνλ€. μ΄νμμ λ°©νλ μ λΉμ΄ λ§μμ μμ¬μ ν¨κ» μμνμμ μ£Όμ§νλ βνμ βμΈ κ²μ΄λ€. μ£Όλͺ©ν κ²μ μ λΉμ΄ 4.3μ¬κ±΄ λΉμ μ μ£Όλλ―Όμ΄ κ²ͺμ κ³ ν΅μ μμΈμ λν΄ μ μ£Όλ βμΈλΆβμ νμ μΌλ‘ μ€λͺ
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μ΄μκ³Ό κ°μ΄ λ³Έκ³ μμλ βκΈ°μ΅μμ¬βλΌλ κ°λ
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Όμλ λλ¬Όμλ€. μ΄λ¬ν μ¬μ€μ μκΈ°νλ©΄ λ³Έκ³ λ ꡬλΉλ¬Ένμ λνλ κΈ°μ΅μμ¬λ₯Ό 본격μ μΌλ‘ λ
Όμνκ³ μλ€λ μ μμ κ·Έ μμκ° μλ€. λ³Έκ³ μμ μ μν κΈ°μ΅μμ¬μ νμ±μ리λ λ€λ₯Έ μ μ€κ³Ό μ ν ν΄μμλ μΆ©λΆν μ μ©λ μ μμ κ²μ΄λ€. κΈ°μ΅μμ¬ κ΄λ ¨ μλ£μ νμ₯κ³Ό ν λ¨κ³ μ¬νλ λ
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Abstract 240λ°
Olfactory difference between the left & the right nostril in healthy subjects
μνκ³Ό/μμ¬[νκΈ]
μΈλ₯μ μΆμ μ§μ΄ ν₯μλλ©΄μ νκ°μ λν κ΄μ¬μ΄ μ¦κ°νκ³ μμΌλ©°,νν¨μ¨λ³, μμ―νμ΄λ¨Έλ³ κ°μ ν΄νμ± λ³μ μ‘°κΈ° μ§λ¨ μμλ νκ° κ²μ¬μ μ μ©μ±μ λν μ°κ΅¬λ€μ΄ νλ°νλ€. μ§λ 20λ
κ° μ¬λ¬ νκ° κ²μ¬ λ°©λ²λ€μ΄ κ° κ΅κ°λ³λ‘ κ°λ°λμμΌλ μ΄μ€ μμλ§μ΄ νκ°μ νκ°νλλ° μ μ©νλ€κ³ νλ¨λμλ€. λλΆλΆ μμμμ μνλλ νκ° κ²μ¬λ μμΈ‘ λΉκ°μ ν΅ν΄ μ΄λ£¨μ΄ μ§κ³ μλ κ²μ΄ 보ν΅μ΄λ©°, μ’, μ°μΈ‘ λΉκ° μ¬μ΄μ νκ° μ°¨μ΄κ° μμ κ°λ₯μ±μ λ°°μ νμ¬ μμλ€.
μ΅κ·Ό λ€μ΄ μμμ μ°κ΅¬λ€μμ μ μμΈμμμ μ’, μ° λΉκ°μ νκ° μ°¨μ΄μ λν΄ λ°ννκ³ μμΌλ©° κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όμ λν λ€μν ν΄μμ΄ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§κ³ μλ€. μ§λ³μ΄ μλ κ²½μ°λΌλ κ°κ°μ λΉκ°μ ν΅ν νκ°μ μ°¨μ΄κ° μλ κ²½μ°, ν₯ν νκ°κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨λ μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό μ§νν¨μ μμ΄ μ’, μ° λΉκ°μ νκ° μ°¨μ΄κ° μμμ κ³ λ €νμ¬ κ·Έ μ°κ΅¬ λ°©λ²λ‘ μμ μμΈ‘μ κ°κ° ꡬλΆνμ¬ μ§ν νμ¬μΌ νλ©°, κ·Έ μ°¨μ΄κ° μμ κ²½μ° μμΈ‘μ μ°¨μ΄λ₯Ό κ³ λ €νμ§ μκ³ μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό μ§νν΄λ 무방ν κ²μ΄λ€. κ·Έλ¬λ νμ¬κΉμ§ μ μμΈμμ μ’, μ°μΈ‘ λΉκ°μ ν΅ν νκ° μ¬μ΄μ μ°¨μ΄κ° μλμ§ μ¬λΆλ₯Ό μ°κ΅¬ν μλ£κ° λΆμ‘±νμ¬, λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ μ°μ μ μμΈμμ μ’, μ°μΈ‘ λΉκ°μ ν΅ν νκ°μ μ°¨μ΄κ° μλμ§ νμΈν΄ λ³΄κ³ μ νμλ€.
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ 2007λ
7μλΆν° 2008λ
2μκΉμ§ μΈλΈλμ€ λ³μ μ΄λΉμΈνκ³Όμμ μ
μμΉλ£ μ€μ΄κ±°λ μΈλμ λ΄μν μ¬λλ€ μ€ μ½μ κ΄λ ¨λ μ¦μ λ° μ§νμ κ°μ§κ³ μμ§ μμ μ¬λλ€μ λμμΌλ‘ νμλ€. λ¬Έμ§, μ΄νμ κ²μ¬ λ° λΉ λ΄μκ²½ κ²μ¬, μν₯ν΅κΈ°λ κ²μ¬(Acoustic Rhinometry), λΆλΉλ λ¨μ λ°©μ¬μ 촬μ μν ν, μ μμΈμ λμμΌλ‘ KVSS (Korean Version of Sniffinβ Sticks)κ²μ¬μ T & T olfactometer (Developed by Takagi and Toyota in 1975) κ²μ¬λ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμ¬ μ’, μ° κ° λΉκ°μ ν΅ν νκ°μ μ°¨μ΄κ° μλμ§ νμΈν΄ 보μκ³ λν μμΈ‘ λΉκ°μ ν΅ν νκ°κ³Ό νΈμΈ‘ λΉκ°μ ν΅ν νκ° μ¬μ΄μ μ°¨μ΄λ₯Ό λΉκ΅νμλ€. νκ°μ μν₯μ μ€ μ μλ μμΈλ€λ‘ μ°λ Ή, μ±λ³, μ¬μ±μ μ리 κΈ°κ° λ° μ°μΈ μμ§μμ μ°κ΄μ±λ μ΄ν΄λ³΄μλ€.
μ΄ 83λͺ
μ λμμΌλ‘ μννμμΌλ©°, κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό μ’, μ°μΈ‘ κ°κ°μμλ³΄λ€ μμΈ‘ λΉκ°μ ν΅ν νκ° κ²μ¬ μ λ³΄λ€ μ°μν νκ°μ 보μμΌλ©°, λλΆλΆμ κ²μ¬μμ μ°μΈ‘ λΉκ°μ ν΅ν κ²μ¬κ° μ’μΈ‘ λΉκ°μ ν΅ν κ²μ¬λ³΄λ€ λ μ°μν νκ°μ λνλ΄μλ€.
μ μ μ°λ Ήμ λΉν΄ κ³ λ Ήμμλ KVSSμ T & T κ²μ¬ λͺ¨λμμ μ’, μ° λΉκ°μ ν΅ν νκ° μ¬μ΄μ μ°¨μ΄κ° μλ κ²μΌλ‘ λνλ¬μΌλ©°, μ°μΈ‘ λΉκ°μ νκ°μ΄ μ°μνμλ€. μ±λ³μ λ°λ₯Έ μ’, μ° λΉκ° μ¬μ΄μ νκ° μ°¨μ΄λ μμμΌλ©°, νκ²½κΈ°λ λΉνκ²½κΈ° μ¬μ±μμ 곡ν μ°μΈ‘ λΉκ°μ νκ°μ΄ μ°μν¨μ μ μ μμμΌλ©°, μ리 κΈ°κ°μ λ°λ₯Έ μ’, μ° λΉκ°μ νκ° μ°¨μ΄λ μμλ€. μ°μΈ μμ§ λ³λ‘ λΉκ΅ν κ²°κ³Ό, λλΆλΆμμ μ°μΈ‘ λΉκ°μ ν΅ν νκ°μ΄ μ’μΈ‘λ³΄λ€ μ°μνκ² λνλ¬μΌλ©° μ°μΈ μμ§ λ°©ν₯κ³Ό ν΅κ³νμ μ°κ΄μ±μ μμλ€. νκ°μ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉ μ μλ κ° μμΈ λ³ νκ°μ λΉκ΅ν κ²°κ³Ό μ°λ Ήμ΄ λμ μ¬λλ€μμ νκ°μ λͺ¨λ κ²μ¬μμ κ°μνμκ³ , μ±λ³, μ£Όλ‘ μ¬μ©νλ μ(μ°μΈ μμ§)μ λ°λ₯Έ νκ°μ μ°¨μ΄λ μμλ€. λΉνκ²½ μ¬μ±μμλ μ리 ν κΈ°κ°μ λ°λΌ μ리기, λ°°λκΈ°, μκΆκΈ°μ μΈκΈ°κ°μΌλ‘ λλμ΄ κ° μ리 κΈ°κ°λ³ νκ°μ λΉκ΅νμκ³ , λλΆλΆμμ λ°°λκΈ°μ μ°μν νκ° μ μλ₯Ό 보μμΌλ ν΅κ³νμ μΌλ‘ μ μνμ§λ μμλ€. μ μ λμ μμ΄μ§λ§, νκ²½ μ¬μ±κ³Ό κ°μ μ°λ Ήμ λΉνκ²½ μ¬μ± μ¬μ΄μ νκ°μ μ°¨μ΄λ₯Ό μμλ³΄κ³ μ νμμΌλ©°, κ·Έ μ°¨μ΄λ μκ² λνλ¬λ€.
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ λΉκ³Όμ μ§νμ΄ μλ μ μμΈμμλ μ리μ μΌλ‘ μ’,μ°μΈ‘ λΉκ°μ ν΅ν νκ°μ μ°¨μ΄κ° μμΌλ©° μ’μΈ‘μ λΉν΄ μ°μΈ‘ λΉκ°μ ν΅ν νκ°μ΄ λ μ°μνλ©°, μμΈ‘ λΉκ°μΌλ‘ νκ° μ κ°κ°μ λΉκ°μ ν΅ν κ²μ¬λ³΄λ€ λ μ°μν νκ°μ 보μμ μ μ μμλ€. ν₯ν νκ°μ νκ°λ νΈμΈ‘μ νκ° μ₯μ μ 무λ₯Ό νμΈν μ μμμ λ¬Όλ‘ , νκ°κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨λ μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό μ§νν¨μ μμ΄μλ νΉν, λ³΄λ€ μ νν μ°κ΅¬ λ° μ§λ¨μ μν΄ μ리μ μΌλ‘λ μ’, μ°μΈ‘ λΉκ°μ ν΅ν νκ°μ μ°¨μ΄κ° μμμ κ³ λ €νμ¬ κ°κ°μ λΉκ°μ ν΅ν΄ κ²μ¬λ₯Ό μννλ κ²μ΄ νμν κ²μ΄λΌ μ¬λ£λλ€.
[μλ¬Έ]
Olfactory testing is typically performed in a birhinal setting. Birhinal testing of odor identification will not allow the detection of unilateral olfactory loss and could be incorrect testing. Lateralized difference (olfactory difference between each nostril) in odor perception has been described in a few articles.
The aim of the presented study was to evaluate olfactory difference between the left and the right nostril in healthy subjects and in addition to figure out if olfaction is affected by a few factors such as age, sex, menstrual cycle in women, and dominant hand.
In 83 subjects (52 women, 31 men), we performed an olfactory testing separately for each nostril. All participants rated their olfactory sensitivity as 5 different scales before testing.
A Korean Version of Sniffinβ Sticks (KVSS) test which was developed in Korea based on sniffinβ stick test was utilized to evaluate olfactory function separately for each nostril. We hoped that this study would be used for the other future studies, so T & T olfactometer was also performed as the same manner.
A general olfactory difference between the left and the right nostril was found in both KVSS and T & T olfactometer. Olfaction through the right nostril was superior to the left side. Birhinal testing reflected better olfactory function than each nostril testing.
Aging was associated with a decline in olfactory sensation in all tests.
In women, many previous studies reported that sex hormone would be the one of the important factors to affect olfaction but we just could see the tendency. Olfaction was not significantly influenced by the menstrual cycle even though better olfaction in ovulate phase - high estrogen, low progesterone phase. There was no olfactory difference between in menopausal and non-menopausal women. It was probably lack of the subjects.
A KVSS test was suitable for Korean and the result from a KVSS test was not different from T & T test. But more simple & correct olfactory test will be needed for lateralized olfactory screening.
A side difference in olfaction can only be detected with lateralized testing. In our opinion, for most of the clinical and medico legal issues, lateralized olfactory testing is preferable.
Lateralized olfactory testing is necessary to detect patients with olfactory dysfunction. Further studies will be needed to investigate how sex hormone is related to olfactory function in women.ope
A Study of Segyeong-Bonpuri
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : κ΅μ΄κ΅λ¬Ένκ³Ό κ΅λ¬Ένμ 곡, 2015. 8. μ‘°νμ€.λ³Έκ³ λ μ μ£Ό μμ¬λ¬΄κ° γμΈκ²½λ³Ένμ΄γμ 곡κ°λ³ κ²°μ°μμμ κ³ μ°°νκ³ κ·Έκ²μ λ°νμΌλ‘ μΌμ μΈκ²½μ μ μ’μ μ리λ₯Ό κ·λͺ
νλ €κ³ νμλ€.
μ°μ μ΄λ³Έμ μ§μ±νμ¬ κ³΅ν΅μ κ³Ό μ°¨μ΄μ μ λλΉνμλ€. λ€μμΌλ‘ γμΈκ²½λ³Ένμ΄γμ μμ¬ λ¨λ½μ μ¬κ΅¬νμλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό ν λλ‘ γμΈκ²½λ³Ένμ΄γμ λνλ 곡κ°λ³ κ²°μ°μμμ κ³ μ°°νμλ€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό μ§μμλ μλ ΅Β·μ±μ§λ¬Ένλ₯Ό κΈ°μ λ‘ ν κ²°μ°λ°©μμ΄, μ²μμλ μ κ΅μ κ°λΆμ₯μ μμ λΉλ‘―λ κ²°μ°λ°©μμ΄ λνλκ³ μμΌλ©°, μμ²κ½λ°μλ μ κ²°μ°λ°©μμ΄ λͺ¨λ λνλκ³ μμμ νμΈνμλ€. κ·Έλ°λ° μμ²λΉλ κ°κ°μ 곡κ°μμ ν΄λΉ κ²°μ°λ°©μμ κ΅λ λλ κ±°λΆνλ μμ§μμ 보μ¬μ€λ€.
볡μ‘νκ² μ½ν μλ γμΈκ²½λ³Ένμ΄γμ 곡κ°λ³ κ²°μ°μμμ μ μ£Όλμ μ΄μμ κ°μ‘±μμμ ν΅ν΄ ν΄λͺ
λλ€. μ μ£Όλμλ κ³ μ ν λΆλΆμ€μ¬ κ°μ‘±κ΅¬μ‘°μ νλ°λμμ μ μ
λ κ°λΆμ₯μ κ°μ‘±κ΅¬μ‘°κ° μ΄μμ μΌλ‘ 곡쑴νκ³ μμμ κ²μΌλ‘ μΆμ λλ€. λ°λΌμ μ§μμ κ²°μ°λ°©μμ΄ μ§λ νΉμ±μ μ μ£Όλμ μ ν΅λ―Όκ° ꡬ쑰μ λΆλΆκ°μ‘± ννλ‘λΆν° νμΈλλ, μ μ£Όλμ μ ν΅μ μΈ λΆλΆμ€μ¬ κ°μ‘±κ΅¬μ‘°λ₯Ό λ°μνλ κ²μ΄λ€. λν μ²μμ κ²°μ°λ°©μμ΄ μ§λ νΉμ±μ μ μ£Όλ μ¬μ±κ³Ό νΌμΈκ΄κ³λ₯Ό λ§Ίμλ μ‘°μ μλ μ λ°°μΈλ€μ ν΅ν΄ λ€μ΄μμ κ²μ΄λΌ μΆμ λλ, νλ°λμ κ°λΆμ₯μ κ°μ‘±κ΅¬μ‘°λ₯Ό λ°μνλ€.
ννΈ μμ²κ½λ°μ μ΄μ°νμ¬ μ§μμ κ²°μ°λ°©μκ³Ό μ²μμ κ²°μ°λ°©μμ΄ λͺ¨λ λνλλ 곡κ°μΌλ‘ μ리맀κΉν μ μλκ° νλ μλ¬Έμ΄ μ κΈ°λλ€. μ΄μ λν΄μλ μμ²κ½λ°μ΄ μ§λ 맀κ°μ±Β·κ²½κ³μ±μ΄λΌλ 곡κ°μ μ±κ²©μ΄ μ΄μμ κ°μ‘±μμ ν¬μμ κΈ°μ κ° λκ³ μλ κ²μ΄λΌ ν΄μνλ€. κ·Έ κ³Όμ μμ μμ²κ½λ°μ 맀κ°μ±Β·κ²½κ³μ±μ μμ²λΉμ μΈλ¬Όνμκ³Όλ λ°μ ν μκ΄κ΄κ³λ₯Ό μ§λλ€λ μ μ κ°μ‘°νμλ€. λ μ§μκ³Ό μ²μ κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μμ²κ½λ°μ΄ μ§λ 곡μ μ§μ μ λν΄μλ κ³ μ°°νμλλ°, κ·Έκ²μ λ€λ¦ μλ λ¨μ±μ§λ°°μ μμμ΄λΌκ³ μλ―Έννμλ€.
곡κ°λ³ κ²°μ°μμμ λν λΆμμ ν΅ν΄ γμΈκ²½λ³Ένμ΄γμλ μ μ£Όλμ νλ°λμ κ°μ‘±κ΅¬μ‘°κ° κΉμ΄ μΉ¨μ€λμ΄ μμμ μ μ μλ€. κ·Έλ°λ° μ¬κΈ°μ μ μ£Όλλ 곧 μ μ£Όλμ λ΄λΆλ‘, νλ°λλ 곧 μ μ£Όλμ μΈλΆλ‘ μΉνλλ€. λ°λΌμ γμΈκ²½λ³Ένμ΄γμ 곡κ°λ³ κ²°μ°μμμλ μ΅μ’
μ μΌλ‘ μ μ£Όλμ λ΄Β·μΈλΆ λ¬Έμ κ° κ΄μ¬λκ³ μλ€κ³ λ³Ό μ μλλ° μ΄λ κ² λ³Έλ€λ©΄ μΈκ²½μ μ μ’μ μ리 μμ μ μ£Όλμ λ΄Β·μΈλΆ λ¬Έμ λ‘ ν΄μλ μ¬μ§κ° μλ€.
μΈκ²½μ μ μ’μ μ리λ₯Ό 본격μ μΌλ‘ κ³ μ°°νκΈ° μ΄μ μ μ‘λΉκ³ λΉμ λ³Ένμ΄μ μ’μ μ리λ₯Ό κ³ μ°°νμλ€. κ°μ₯ λ¨Όμ γμ‘λΉλ³Ένμ΄γμμ μΈλΆλ₯Ό νμνλ λ°±μ£Όλκ° μμμ 격μΌλ‘, λ΄λΆλ₯Ό νμνλ μμ²κ΅μ΄ νμμ 격μΌλ‘ μ리 μ‘λ κ²μ ν΅ν΄ μΈλΆλ λ΄λΆλ³΄λ€ μ°μμ μμΉλ₯Ό μ νλ€λ μ‘λΉκ³ λΉμ λ³Ένμ΄μ μ’μ μ리λ₯Ό λμΆν΄λ΄μλ€. γμΈνλ³Έν₯λΉλ³Ένμ΄γμμλ μ‘λΉκ³ λΉμ λ³Ένμ΄μ μ’μ μλ¦¬κ° λ€μ λ³μ©λλ€. μμ²κ΅κ³Ό λ°±μ£ΌλλΌλ κΈ°λ³Έμ λ¨λ
κ΄κ³μ λνμ¬ κΈμμ΄λΌλ μ 3μ μΈλ¬Όμ΄ λ±μ₯νκΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€. μλ‘μ΄ μΈλΆμ κ°μ
μΌλ‘ μΈν΄ κΈ°μ‘΄μ μΈλΆλ₯Ό νμνλ λ°±μ£Όλλ μμ μ μ 체μ±μ λ³νμν€κ³ λ΄λΆμ μν μ λ΄λΉνλ μμ²κ΅μ μ΄ν μ’μ μμ λ°°μ λλ€.
μ‘λΉκ³ λΉμ λ³Ένμ΄μ μ’μ μ리λ γμΈκ²½λ³Ένμ΄γμλ μ ν¨νκ² μ μ©λλ€. λ΄λΆλ₯Ό νμνλ μ μλ¨μ μμ¬ λ§λ―Έμ μ΄λ₯΄λ¬ νμΈκ²½μΌλ‘ μ’μ νλ€. κ·Έλ°λ° γμΈκ²½λ³Ένμ΄γμμ μ μλ¨κ³Ό μμ²λΉμ κ΄κ³κ° μμ²κ΅κ³Ό λ°±μ£Όλμ κ΄κ³λ₯Ό μ¬ννκ³ μλ κ²μ΄λΌλ κ΄μ μ λμνλ€λ©΄ νμΈκ²½μ΄λ μμΉλ μ μμ μ’
μ΄ λ μμ²κ΅μ νλ½λ μμμ 보μ¬μ£Όλ λ°λΌκ³ ν μ μλ€. ννΈ μΈλΆλ₯Ό νμνλ λ¬Έλλ Ήμ μμ¬ λ§λ―Έμμ μμΈκ²½μΌλ‘ μ’μ νλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ λ¬Έλλ Ήμ΄ νμνλ μΈλΆλ γμΈνλ³Έν₯λΉλ³Ένμ΄γμμ κΈμμ΄ νμνλ μΈλΆμλ μ‘°κΈ λ€λ₯Έ μλ―Έλ₯Ό λ΄ν¬νλ€. κΈμμ΄ κ΅°μ¬λ¬Ένλ₯Ό νμνλ μΈλ¬Όμ΄λΌλ©΄ λ¬Έλλ Ήμ μ κ΅λ¬Ένλ₯Ό νμνλ μΈλ¬Όμ΄λΌ λ³Ό μ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€.
μμ²λΉλ λ΄λΆμ΄λ©΄μ λμμ μΈλΆμΈ μ΄μ€μ μ 체μ±μ ꡬννκ³ μλλ°, μ΄λ γμΈνλ³Έν₯λΉλ³Ένμ΄γμ λνλ λ°±μ£Όλμ μ΄μ€μ μ 체μ±κ³Ό μ μ¬νλ€. λ¬Έλλ Ήμ μκ°λ½μ λ°λλ‘ μ°λ₯Ό λ μμ²λΉλ λ΄λΆμ μ 체μ±μ μ§λλ€. λ°λΌμ μΈλΆμΈ λ¬Έλλ Ήμ λν΄ λ΄λΆμΈ μμ²λΉλ μμ¬λ₯Ό μ΄λμ΄κ°λ μ€μ¬μμλ λΆκ΅¬νκ³ νμμ 격μΌλ‘ μ’μ νλ€. μμ²λΉλ μ μλ¨μ΄ λ§ μ λ£λ μ’
μ΄ λκΈ°λ₯Ό μνλλ°, μ΄λ μ μ£Όλ λ³Ένμ΄μ μ’
μ΄ λ±μ₯ν λ§₯λ½μ΄ νλ°λ μ κ΅λ¬Ένμ κ΄κ³κ° μμμ λͺ
μ¬ν νμκ° μλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ―λ‘ μμ²λΉλ λ΄λΆμΈ μ μλ¨μ λν΄ μΈλΆλ₯Ό νμνλ©° μ μλ¨λ³΄λ€ μμμ 격μΌλ‘ μ’μ νλ€.
μ΄μμ λ
Όμμμ μ£Όλͺ©λλ κ²μ λ°λ‘ λ΄λΆμ κ²°ν©νλ μΈλΆμ μ‘΄μ¬νμ΄λ€. μ΄λ λ μ€λ₯΄λ κ²μ΄ μ€μ μ μ£Όλ μ¬μ±κ³Ό νΌμΈκ΄κ³λ₯Ό λ§Ίμλ λ€μν μΈλΆμλ€μ΄λ€. μ μ£Όλμ μ
λν κ³ λ € μΌλ³μ΄μ λͺ©νΈ κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ‘°μ μλ μ λ°°μΈμ μ€μ μ μ£Όλ μ¬μ±κ³Ό μ μ΄νκ³ λ νμ κ²μΌλ‘ 보μΈλ€λ μ μμ μ΄λͺ©μ΄ μ§μ€λλ€. κ·Έλ€μ μ‘΄μ¬κ° μ μ£ΌμΈλ€λ‘ νμ¬κΈ λ΄λΆμ μΈλΆμ κ²°ν© ννλ₯Ό μμνκ² λ§λλ κΈ°μ μμμ§λ λͺ¨λ₯Έλ€λ μΆμΈ‘μ λ³κΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€. μ μ£Όλμ λΉμ΄ λ§μ 곡λ체λ₯Ό μ€μ¬μΌλ‘ νμ±λμλ€λ μ μ κ°μνλ€λ©΄ μ¬λ°©μ μ
μ₯μμ λ§μ 곡λ체 λ΄μ μ‘΄μ¬νλ μμ΄ν μΈλΆμ λ΄λΆμ κ²°ν© ννλ₯Ό λͺ¨λ₯Έ μ² νμ 리 μλ€. λ°λΌμ μ μ£Όλ λ³Ένμ΄μ λνλ μλ‘μ΄ μΈλΆλ μ€μ μ μ£Όλ μ¬μ±μ μΆμμ κ°μ·¨λλ€κ³ ν μ μλ€.
κ·Έλ°λ° λΉκ΅μ μ΅κ·Ό μ±λ‘λ μ΄λ³Έμμ μΈκ²½μ μ μ μ§ μ¬λ°°μΉκ° μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§κ³ μλ€λ μ¬μ€μ μΈκ²½μ μ μ 격기λ₯체κ³κ° μ‘°μ λκ³ μμμ μμνλ λ°λΌ ν μ μλ€. μμΈκ²½μ μ리μ μΌμ μ λμ΄ λ€μ΄μλ©΄μ μ€μΈκ²½-λ¬Έλλ Ή, νμΈκ²½-μμ²λΉ, μΈκ²½μ₯λ¨-μ μλ¨μΌλ‘ μ μ§μ΄ μ¬νΈλκ³ μλ κ²μ΄λ€. μ¬κΈ°μ μΌμ μ λμ λμμμ νλ¬Έλ¬Έλͺ
κΆμ μ€μ¬κ΅μ΄λΌλ μλ‘μ΄ μΈλΆκ° γμΈκ²½λ³Ένμ΄γμ μ’μ 체μ λ‘ μ§μ
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AbstractMaste
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The extended indication of parotidectomy using the modified facelift incision in benign lesions: retrospective analysis of a single institution
BACKGROUND: Recently, the modified facelift incision (FLI) has gained increasing popularity for its cosmetic benefits in parotidectomy. However, many surgeons remain concerned with the adequacy of the exposure and are unwilling to use the FLI for anterior or superior tumors of the parotid gland because these tumors are closer to the superficially positioned facial nerve branch. To evaluate the changing trends in parotidectomy incisions for benign lesions at a single institute, and to compare the surgical outcomes between the modified Blair incision (BI) and FLI, and determine the adequacy and possible indications or limitations of the FLI, especially for tumors located in the anterior or superior parotid gland.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study analyzed 357 patients who had various benign parotid diseases and underwent parotidectomy at Severance Hospital between January 2005 and December 2009. Revisions or recurrences and histologically confirmed malignancies were excluded. Tumor location was divided into superficial and deep lobes. The superficial lobe was subdivided into anterior, superior, inferior, and middle portions. Patients' profiles, surgical outcomes, and cosmetic satisfaction score on a scale of 0 (extremely dissatisfied) to 10 (extremely satisfied) were compared.
RESULTS: In all, 344 patients underwent BI or FLI. The FLI was performed increasingly each year. For anterior (n = 58) or superior tumors (n = 32), there was no significant difference between the type of incision and tumor size or complications. No facial nerve palsy occurred in either group. For deep-lobe tumors (n = 67), the mean tumor size was significantly larger in the BI group (p = 0.025). There was a significant difference between facial nerve palsy and tumor size (p < 0.001) but no significant difference between facial nerve palsy and tumor location (p = 0.145) or the type of incision (p = 0.530). The mean scar satisfaction score was significantly higher in the FLI group (p <0.001). There was a positive correlation between the scar and deep hollow satisfaction score (Pearson coefficient of correlation = 0.547; p < 0.001)
CONCLUSIONS: The modified facelift incision is feasible for most benign parotid lesions regardless of tumor location, even for anterior or superior tumors. Using the modified facelift incision may be extended with a surgeon's accumulated experience, but for a large deep-lobe tumor, the modified Blair incision is still considered useful.ope