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    ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋Ÿ‰์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[์˜๋ฌธ] [ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™ธ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ •๋ณด( structured information ) ์ œ๊ณต์ด ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ •์‹ ์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ „ ํ›„ ์— ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์™ธ ์ž ์ •์  ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์žฅ์• ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์— ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ „๋‚  ๋ฐค ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ( state anxiety )์ •๋„๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ํ›„ ์ •์‹  ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ™€๋ชฌ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ–‰๋™ ๋ณ€ํ™”์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ˆ ํ›„ ์ฒซ๋‚  ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‘˜์งธ๋‚  ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์‹ฌ์ˆ (open heart surgery) ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๊ณ„ํš ๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ •๋„, ํ™€๋ชฌ์น˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ํ–‰๋™๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ •๋ณด์™€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช… ํ•˜ ๊ณ ์ € ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ค‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ณผ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ค์ • ํ•˜์˜€ ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๊ฐ€์„ค 1) ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „๋‚  ๋ฐค ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 2) ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ ํ›„ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์„ค 1) ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „๋‚  ๋ฐค ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 2) ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ ํ›„ ํ™€๋ชฌ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 3) ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์ˆ ํ›„ ํ–‰๋™๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์œ ์‚ฌ์‹คํ—˜ ์„ค๊ณ„(quasi-experimental design)์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—ฐ์† ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• (time-series method)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ˜„์žฅ ์„ค์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ „์กฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์„ค์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ „ ์‹คํ—˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜์  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต ๊ณผ์ • ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์„œ์šธ ์‹œ๋‚ด 1๊ฐœ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ์„ ํƒ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ์ •๋œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋œ 53๋ช…์™ธ ๊ฐœ์‹ฌ์ˆ  ํ™˜์ž์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 26๋ช…์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ 27๋ช… ์™ธ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ค‘์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ํ˜•ํƒœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ, ๊ธฐ์งˆ ๋ถ„์•ˆ (trait anxiety) ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ํ™€๋ชฌ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ํ–‰๋™ ์ฒ™๋„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ช… ๋Œ€์กฐํ™•์ธ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ํ˜•ํƒœ, ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ƒํƒœ, ์ƒ๋ฆฌ ์ƒํƒœ ๋ฐ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์ •๋„์—์„œ ๋‘ ์ง๋‹จ์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์  ์กฐ์น˜์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋ณ‘์‹ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ค‘์žฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์— ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ Roy ์˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ์ค‘์žฌ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์š”๊ตฌ, ์ž์•„ ๊ฐœ๋…, ์—ญํ™œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜์กด๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์ ์‘์— ๊ด€๊ณ„๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์‹คํ—˜๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์—ฐ ๊ตฌ์ž์™€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต์˜ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…น์Œํ…Œ์ดํ”„์— ์ˆ˜๋กํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ฉดํ˜•ํƒœ ๋ฐ ์Šต๊ด€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌํ‹€ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ •์€ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ์˜๊ฑฐํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์›์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๊ณผ ํ™˜์ž ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ณด๊ณ . ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž์˜ ํ™•์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒํ™ฉ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ Spielberger์˜ State Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI)๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ํ™€๋ชฌ์€ ํ˜ˆ์žฅ๋‚ด cortisol ๋กœ ์ธก์ • ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ–‰๋“ฑ์ฒ™๋„๋Š” Wyatt์˜ Behavior and Mood Rating Scale (BMRS) ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ˜„์žฅ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์„ ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ'์˜ˆ๋น„ํƒ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์„ค ์ •์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ „ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ 2๊ฐœ์›”์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๋ณธ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์ฐฉ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž 53๋ช…์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ํ•œ ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 4๊ฐœ์›” ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„์€ 1 ) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ํƒ€๋‹ฅ๋„ ๋ฐ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๊ฒ€์ค‘ 2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ 3 ) ๊ฐ€์„ค ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ 1 ) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„ ( factor analysis) ๋ฌธํ•ญ๋ถ„์„ ( item analysis )์„ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  2) ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„์€ ๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œจ๊ณผ t -test๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ 3) ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ฒ€์ฆ์€ ์ฐจ ํ‰๊ท ์น˜ (mean difference )์— ์˜ํ•œ t-test ๋ฐ ๊ณต๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„ (analysis of covariance)๋“ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋„๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ˆ˜๋ฉดํ˜•ํƒœ ๋ฐ ์Šต๊ด€์ฒ™๋„๋Š” Spearman-Brown์™ธ Split -half method ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๊ฐ€ . 86์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์•Œ๋งž์€ ๋„๊ตฌ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ฒ™๋„๋Š” Spielberger์˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ฒ™๋„์™€ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ r=ยท90 r=ยท91์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€ ๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ์งธ, ํ–‰๋™๋ณ€ํ™” ์ฒ™๋„๋Š” Wyatt์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ 7๊ฐœ์˜ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์š”์ธ์˜ ๋ˆ„์ ์œจ(Cumulative percentage ) ์€ 71.3% ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ฒซ์งธ, ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉดํ˜•ํƒœ ๋ฐ ์Šต๊ด€์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ˆ˜๋ฉดํ˜•ํƒœ ํ‰๊ท ์น˜๊ฐ€ 10.73, 10.81์œผ ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์—์„œ (t =. 08, P>.05) ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ ํƒ€ ๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์ „ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ‰๊ท  344๋ถ„๊ณผ 363๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์— ์„œ (t=.86 P>.05)์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€ ๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์งˆ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ฒ™๋„ ํ‰๊ท ์น˜๊ฐ€ 46, 44์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋„๊ฒ€์ฆ ์—์„œ (t=.70 P>.05) ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€ ๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ํ–‰๋™์ฒ™๋„ ํ‰๊ท ์น˜๊ฐ€ 31.76, 30.92์ ์œผ ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์—์„œ (t=1.15, P>.05) ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹คl ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ํ™€๋ชฌ์น˜๋ณ€ํ™” ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ํ™€๋ชฌ ํ‰๊ท ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 308. 29ใŽ, 333.41 ใŽ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์—์„œ (t=.26, p>.05) ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€ ๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํ‘œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฃผ๊ฐ€์„ค 1์€ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ „๋‚  ๋ฐค ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋Ÿ‰์€ 282๋ถ„์ด๊ณ  ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋Ÿ‰ ์€ 255๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์™ธ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋„์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ฐจ ํ‰๊ท ์น˜ ์œ ์˜๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์—์„œ (t=1. 58, P>.05) ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ฃผ๊ฐ€์„ค 2๋„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ํ›„ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ท ์น˜๋Š” 297.59๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋Ÿ‰ ํ‰๊ท ์น˜๋Š” 278.57๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋„์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ฐจ ํ‰ ๊ท ์น˜ ์œ ์˜๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์—์„œ (t=.35 P>.05) ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์„ธ์งธ, ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์„ค 1๋„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ํ‰๊ท ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 42.3๊ณผ 43. 9๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •๋„ ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ์œ ์˜๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์—์„œ (t=.68 P>.05)๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋„ค์งธ, ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์„ค 2๋„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ํ™€๋ชฌ์น˜๋ณ€ํ™” ํ‰๊ท ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 338.35ใŽ, 440.26ใŽ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ํ™€ ๋ชฌ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋„์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์œ ์˜๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์—์„œ (t=.11 P>.05)๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜ ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์„ค 3์€ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์—ฌ ์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™๋ณ€ํ™” ํ‰๊ท ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 29.60, 31.00์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ํ–‰๋™๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์—์„œ (t=2.30 P>.05)๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์—ฌ ์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ •๋ณด์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๋Ÿ‰, ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ํ™€๋ชฌ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์—๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™ ๋ณ€ํ™”์—๋งŒ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. The Effect of Structured Information on the Sleep Amount of Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery Lee, So - Woo Department of Nursing The graduate School of Yonsei University (Directed by Professor Kim, Susie) The main purpose of this study was to teat the effect of the structured information on the sleep amount of the patients undergoing open heart surgery. Thisstudy has specifically addressed to the Following twobasic research questions : (1) Would the structured in formation influence in the reduction of sleep disturbance related to anxiety and physical stress before and after the operation? and (2) what would be the effects of the structured information on the level of preoperative state anxiety, the hormonal change, and the degree of behavioral change in the patients undergoing an open heart surgery? A Quasi-experimental research was designed to answer these questions with one experimental group and one control group. Subjects in both groups were matched as closely as possible to avoid the effect of the differences inherent to the group characteristics. Baseline data were also collected on both groups for 7 days prior to the experiment and found that subjects in both groups had comparable slee patterns, trait anxiety, hormonal levels and behavioral level. A structured information as an experimental input was given to the subjects in the experimental group only. Date were collected and compared between the experimental group and the control group on the sleep amount of the consecutive pre and post operative days, on preoperative state anxiety level, and on hormonal and behavioral changes. To text the effectiveness of the structured information two main hypotheses and three sub-hypotheses were formulated is follows: Main hypothesis 1 : The Experimental group which received structured information will have more sleep amount than the control group without structured information in the hight before the open heart surgery. Main hypothesis 2 : Experimental group with structured information will have more slee amount than control group without structured information during the week following the open heart surgery. Sub-hypothesis 1: The Experimental group with structured information will be lower in the level of State anxiety than control group without structured information in the night before the open heart surgery. Sub-hypothesis 2 : Experimental group with structured information will have lower hormonal level than control group without structured information on the 5th day after the when heart surgery. Sub-hypothesis 3: Experimental group with structured information will be lower in the behavioral change level than control group without structured information during the week after the open heart surgery. The research was conducted in a national university hospital in Seoul, Korea. The 53 Subjects who participated in the study were systematically divided into experimental group and control group which was divided by random sampling method. Among 53 subjects, 26 were placed in the experimental group and 27 in the control group. Instruments; (1) Structed information : Structured information as in independent variable was constructed by the researcher on the basis of Roy's adaptation model consisting of physiolo aic needs, self-concept, role function and interdependence needs as related to the sleep and operational procedures. (2) Sleep amount measure : Sleep amount as main dependent variable was measured by brained nurses through observation on the basis of the established criteria, such as closed or open eyes, regular or irregular respiration, body movement, posture, responses to the light and question, facial expressions and self-report after sleep. (3) State anxiety measure : State Anxiety as a sub-dependent variable was measured by pieberger's STAI Anxiety scale. (4) Hormornal change measure : Hormone as a sub-dependent variable was measured by the cortisol level in plasma. (5) Behavior change measure : Begavior as a sub-dependent variable was measured by the Begavior and Mood Rating Scale by Wyatt. The data were collected over a period of four months, from June to October 1981, after the pretest period of two months. For the analysis of the data and test for the hypotheses, the t-test with mean differences and analysis of covariance was used. (1) STAI measurement for trait and state anxiety as analyzed by Cronbachs alpha coefficient analysis for item analysis and reliability showed the reliability level at r = .90 r = .91 respectively. (2) Behavior and Mood Rating Scale measurement was analyzed by means of Principal Component Analysis technique. Seven factors retained were anger, anxiety, hyperactivity, depression, bizarre behavior, suspicious behavior, and emotional withdrawal. Cumulative percentage of each factor was 71.3%. The result of the test for hypotheses show as follows; (1) Main hypothesis, was not supported. The experimental group has 282 minutes of sleep as compared to the 255 minutes of sleep by the control group. Thus the sleep amount was higher in experimental group than in control group, however, the difference was not statistically significant at .05 level. (2) Main hypothesis 2 was not supported. The mean sleep amount of the experimental group and control group were 297 minutes and 278 minutes respectively. Therefore, the experimental group had more sleep amount as compared to the control group, however, the difference was not statistically significant at .05 level. Thus, the main hypothesis 2 was not supported. (3) Sub-hypothesis 1 was not supported. The mean state anxiety of the experimental group and control group were 42.3, 43.9 in scores. Thus, the experimental group had slightly lower state anxiety level than control group, however, the difference was not statistically significant at .05 level. (4) Sub-hypothesis 2 was not supported. The mean hormonal level of the experimental group and control group were 338 Mg and 440 Mg respectively. Thus, the experimental group showed decreased hormonal level than the control group, however, the difference was not statistically significant at .05 level. (5) Sub-hypothesis 3 was supported. The mean behavioral level of the experimental group and control group were 29.60 and 31.00 respectively in score. Thus, the experimental group showed lower behavioral change level than the control group. The difference was statistically significant at .05 level. In summary, the structured information did not influence the sleep amount, state anxiety or hormonal level of the subjects undergoing an open heart surgery at a statistically significant level, however, it showed a definite rends in their relationships, not least to mention its significant effect shown on behavioral change level. It can further be speculated that a great degree of individual differences in the variables such as sleep amount, state anxiety and fluctuation in hormonal level way partly be responsible for the statistical insensitivity to the experimentation.restrictio

    A Study on Job Involvement of Korean Nurses

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    The purpose of the present research is to find the -determinants of job involvement of Korean nurses working in various nursing fields. Lodahl's Job Involvement Scale was administered from July 1976 to September 1976 to a sampling of 863 nurses. These nurses were working as professors in nursing schools. nurses in the several private and national hospitals and public health centers in Seoul & some other .cities, The main findings of this study are as follows: a) the mean score of job involvement of Korean nurses was 3.1.79; b) there were more nurses in the higher job involvement group than nurses in the lower job involvement group both in number and in percentage; .c) nurses, those in the higher education group, those who are older, those who hold higher positions, those who are married, and those who have had more on the job experience. received higher mean scores on the job involvement scale; d) There was the significant correlation was between the job involvement score and other variables: age. pOSItIOn, length of -expeticnce in the job. education. marital status. religion. experience of turnover, satisfaction and adjustment attitude

    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ด๋ก  ๋ถ„์„, ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์†Œ๊ณ 

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ณผ์ • ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฃผ์ œ์— ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋‘˜์งธ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ? ์ฆ‰ ์ž„์ƒ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋˜์–ด ์งˆ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์›๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์€ ๊ฝค ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ง„์‹คํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ต์œก ํ•™์Šต์— ๋งŽ์€ ํˆฌ์ž(๊ฒฝ๋น„๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๋ ค๋‹ˆ์™€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ)๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด ํœด๋ฉด์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋จผ์ง€๋งŒ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค 21์„ธ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ด๋‹ˆ๋งŒํผ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์œ„์—์„œ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ •๋ณด๋กœ์„œ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์–ด๋Š ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋„ ๋˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™์ง€๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•™์ œ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์‘์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ณต์šฉ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌผ์ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋˜๋Š” ์›๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ๋‚ด ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™์˜ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์œ ๋„์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ง์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์„ ๋‚ณ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค

    A Study on Self-Image of Korean Nurses

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    The two purpose of this study was to find the selfยท image of Korean Nurses ๏ฟฆo r k i n g in hospitals. cammยท unity areas and in nursing schools; the other was to explore the possible influence of certain factors on the levels in nursing image For this research SINS (Selfยท Image of the Nurse Scale) was administered from May 1978 to October 1978 to a sampling of 559 nurses. The major findings of this study were as follows; a) The mean score of nursing image of Korean Nurses was 3.18. b) The related factor of SINS with the highest mean score (3.58) is the nature and role of nursing, and the factor with the lowest nursing image is about job satisfaction such as salary (2.34) or hard task (2.55) , c) There was the significant difference among the mean scores of nursing image in nurses, those who are older (r=.182), those who hold higher positions (r=.183), but no significant difference of nursing image in nurses those have a different level of nursing education (r=.055) d) Married nurses, nurses with religion , nurses working in community. had more positive image in nursing than single. nurses without religion. nurses working in hospitals. e) According to salary satisfaction, there was the significant difference in nursing image; satisfied group in salary had the most positive nursing image. (F = 3.561, P<.05) f) The last reasons among the selected motivation of career as a nursing were 1) a chance of going abroad, 2) low cost of nursing education, 3) recognition on the societys demands, 4) economic independence, 5) religious belief, 6) service interest. Among them, there was a significant difference in the image of nursing. (F=3.655, P<.OO1) g) The first reasons among the motivation of working were 1) service interest, 2) religious belief, 3) recognition on the societys demands, 4) economic independence. 5) activities interest out of home. There was a significant difference in self-image of nurses. (F=4.367, P<.OO1

    ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ

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    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the trend of nursing research by analyzing doctoral dissertations of nursing college at Seoul National University. Method: The doctoral dissertations used in this study were 69 thesis from 1989 to 2001. The methodological characteristics, theory, philosophy and world view in these thesis were explored. Key words were classified according to metaparadigm and were compared with MeSH term. Result: There were 54 dissertations of quantitative research and 12 dissertations of qualitative research. Most of subjects of the thesis were patients with 20~65 years old. The written consent to participate in research was not described in great part of thesis. As to measurement, questionnaire was most frequent used. In independent variables cognitive nursing interventions were used frequent1y. Psychosocial variables as a dependent variable were used mainly. In theory level of research, situation-producing research was performed. In type of nursing knowledge according to Caper many dissertations studied about empirical knowledge. More than half of doctoral dissertations used borrowed theory from nursing related disciplines. Most of studies were done within empirical positivism and organic viewpoint. Key words related to the concept of environment among four metaparadigm has been insufficient1y studied. English key words in doctoral thesis were out of accordance largely with MeSH term English. Conclusion: These results show that it is necessary to develop the nursing theory for nursing knowledge body
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