6 research outputs found

    MV4-11 (FMS-like tyrosine kinase (FLT)3-internal tandem duplication (ITD) ๋ณ€์ด ๋ฐ BCL2 ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„) ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์—์„œ midostaruin๊ณผ ABT199์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ‘œ์  ํ•ญ์•”์น˜๋ฃŒ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์•ฝํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์•ฝํ•™๊ณผ, 2019. 2. Diederich, Marc.๊ธ‰์„ฑ ๊ณจ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ๋ณ‘ (Acute myeloid leukemia, AML)์€ ๊ณจ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ํ˜ˆ์•ก ์•”์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ์œ ์ „ํ•™์ , ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)๋Š” ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ์กด, ์ฆ์‹ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„ํ™”์— ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๋กœ, ํŠนํžˆ ์žฌ๋ฐœํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” FLT3-ITD ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋Š” ๊ทธ ์˜ˆํ›„๋ฅผ ์•…ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ AML ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  FLT3 ์ธ์‚ฐํ™” ๋ฐ Bcl-2 ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ MV4-11 ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ํ‘œ์  ํ™”ํ•™ ์š”๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด FLT3-ITD์™€ BCL-2๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” midostaurin (Rydapt)๊ณผ ABT199 (Venetoclax)์˜ sub-toxicํ•œ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ Sub-toxicํ•œ ๋†๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ MV4-11 ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ƒ์กด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋™๋ฐ˜์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ›„ caspase์˜์กด์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ๊ธฐ์ „์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ƒ์Šนํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ด ์กฐํ•ฉ์€ ์ •์ƒ ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์„ธํฌ๋…์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ Chou-Talalay ์˜ CompuSyn ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ combination index๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋‘ ์กฐํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ๋…์„ฑ์„ annexin V/PI ์—ผ์ƒ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด flow cytometry๋กœ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ „์ฒด caspase ๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” z-VAD-FMK ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด Caspase ์˜์กด์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ ๊ธฐ์ „์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous disease with low survival rate, and relapsed AML with FMS-like tyrosine kinase (FLT)3 (FLT3)-internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations worsens the prognosis of the patients. After an initial profiling of AML cell lines, we selected the cell line MV4-11 presenting both the FLT3-ITD mutation as well as overexpression of the antiapoptotic BCL2 resistance protein. In an attempt to suggest a more efficient targeted chemotherapeutic approach, we determined sub-toxic doses of midostaurin targeting the FLT3-ITD and ABT199 (Venetoclax), a specific inhibitor of BCL2. Whereas subtoxic doses of both compounds did not strongly affect viability of MV4-11 cells, a combination treatment synergistically triggered caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death compared to AML cells lines without FLT3 mutation or cells with a healthy phenotype. Our results could be validated by calculation of the combination index according to Chou-Talalay. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect of the combination treatment was evaluated by Annexin-PI staining and flow cytometry and detection of caspase activation with or without pre-treatment of the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-FMK. Importantly, the combination of midostaurin and ABT199 reduced the tumor formation in in vitro colony formation assays and zebrafish xenografts. Altogether, we suggest a novel, more efficient chemotherapeutic approach for AML patients expressing both elevated levels of antiapoptotic BCL2 and mutated FLT3.Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS 4 2.1 Compounds 4 2.2 Cell culture and treatments 4 2.3 Cell Proliferation and viability 5 2.4 Protein extraction and western blots 5 2.5 Quantification of apoptosis 5 2.6 Colony formation assay 6 2.7 Investigation of cellular morphology 6 2.8 Zebrafish xenografts 7 2.9 Statistical analysis 8 3. RESULTS 9 3.1 Effect of midostaurin on the viability of AML cell lines with differential phosphorylation levels of FLT3 and BCL2 protein patterns 9 3.2 Midostaurin and ABT199 induce caspase-dependent apoptosis 18 3.3 Synergistic apoptotic effect of a combination of midostaurin and ABT199 21 3.4 Validation of synergistic combination treatments by colony formation assays and in vivo zebrafish xenografts 28 4. DISCUSSION 31 5. REFERENCES 37 6. ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 40Maste
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