64 research outputs found
íìêž°ì ììŒê° ì íì ê³ ë €í ì ëí ì ëêž°ë²ì ì격ìì ë¶ì
íìë
Œë¬ž(ë°ì¬)--ììžëíêµ ëíì :공곌ëí êž°ê³í공공íë¶,2019. 8. ê¹ì ëš.A capturability analysis of missile guidance laws with constraints on the seekers field-of-view limit is proposed against moving targets. The capture region is expressed in the initial position space to facilitate the integration with midcourse guidance, where physical constraints including the seekers field-of-view limit and maximum acceleration are taken into account in the derivation process. Missile guidance laws are classified into two categories depending on the guidance objectives: guidance law for target interception and impact-angle-control guidance law. On the basis of the capture region, the characteristics of the guidance laws according to the reduction of the field-of-view limit are analyzed.
The capture region of guidance laws is derived for guidance laws whose primary objective is to intercept a target. Pure-proportional navigation guidance as well as look-angle constrained composite guidance consisting of pure-proportional navigation and a look-angle control scheme is considered. The capture region is obtained by using an analytical solution of the trajectories and by considering the phase portraits of the proportional navigation and the deviated pure pursuit.
The capture region of the impact-angle control guidance law is also analyzed. To analyze the capture region of ââthe impact angle control guidance law, a composite guidance method is considered in which the deviated pure pursuit is performed in the initial phase and proportional navigation guidance is performed in the terminal phase. In addition, a modified impact-angle-control guidance scheme is proposed, where the look angle command is modified in the initial phase to improve the performance of the existing impact-angle control composite guidance. Then, the capture region of the proposed guidance law is obtained. The capture region of the impact-angle control composite guidance is analyzed by several sub-regions including the impact angle set according to the initial distance and the initial line-of-sight angle, and the initial position to satisfy a specific impact-angle constraint.
The characteristics of the guidance laws are analyzed on the basis of the capture regions. Because of the reduction of the field-of-view limit, the capture region of the guidance laws becomes narrower and is divided according to the head-on and tail-chase engagement geometries. In the case of the look-angle constrained composite guidance, the capture region is expanded as compared to the proportional navigation guidance because of the maneuver that maintains its look angle within the field-of-view. In the case of impact-angle control guidance, the confined achievable impact angle is analyzed, and the capture region expanded over the existing method is discussed. Finally, numerical simulations for air-to-air engagement are carried out to verify the capture region and to compare the performance of the guidance laws.볞 ë
Œë¬žììë ìŽëíì ì격ì 목ì ìŒë¡ í ì€ížë©ë€ìŽ íìꞰ륌 íì¬í ì ëíì ìê³ì íì ê³ ë €í ì ëêž°ë² ì격ììì ë¶ìíìë€. ì ëíì ì ëêž°ë²ì ì묎 목ì ì ë°ëŒ íì ì격ì ìí ì ëêž°ë²ê³Œ 충ëê°ì ìŽ ì ëêž°ë²ìŒë¡ ë¶ë¥ëë€. ì€êž°ì ëìì ì ëêž°ë² ì ì©ìŽ ì©ìŽíëë¡ ì ëêž°ë²ì ì격ììì ìŽêž°ìì¹ë¡ ëíëŽìê³ , ì ëíì 묌늬ì í¹ì±ìŒë¡ íìêž°ì ìê³ì í, ê°ìë ì í ë±ì ê³ ë €íìë€. ì°ì¶ë ì격ììì ë°íìŒë¡ ìê³ì í ì ëêž°ë²ì ì±ë¥ê³Œ ìê³ì íì ë°ë¥ž í¹ì±ì ë¶ìíìë€.
볞 ë
Œë¬žììë íì ì격 ì ëêž°ë²ì ì격ìì ë¶ìì ìíŽ ììë¹ë¡íë² ì ëêž°ë²ê³Œ ìê³ì íì ê³ ë €í êŽìž¡ê°ì ìŽêž°ë², ê·žëŠ¬ê³ ììë¹ë¡íë² ì ë륌 ê²°í©í ë³µí©ì ëêž°ë²ì ê³ ë €íìë€. ê° ì ëêž°ë²ì ì격ììì ììë¹ë¡íë² ì ëêž°ë²ê³Œ ì¶ì ì ëêž°ë²ì 궀ì í¹ì±ê³Œ íŽìíŽë¥Œ ìŽì©íì¬ ì°ì¶íìë€. ììë¹ë¡íë² ì ëë²ì¹ì íìêž° ìê³ì íì ìí¥ìŒë¡ íìí êµì ìììŽ ë°ìíìê³ , ì ë©Ž ë° íë©Ž êµì ìí©ì ë°ëŒ êµì ìììŽ ë¶í ëìë€. ìê³ì íì ê³ ë €í ë³µí©ì ëêž°ë²ì 겜ì°, êŽìž¡ê°ì ìŽì ìíŽ ìê³ì íì ì ì§íë êž°ëì ìíí íšê³Œë¡ ììë¹ë¡íë²ì ë¹íŽ ì격ìììŽ íì¥ëìë€. í¹í, ì¶ì ì ëêž°ë²ì í¹ì±ì ë°ëŒ ì ë©Žìê²©ë³Žë€ íë©Žì격 ìí©ìì ë³Žë€ ëì êµì ìììŽ ë°ìíìë€.
ííž, 충ëê° ì ìŽ ì ëêž°ë²ì ì격ìì ë¶ìì ìíŽ ìŽêž°êµ¬ê°ìë ì¶ì ì ë륌 ìííê³ , ì¢
ë§êµ¬ê°ìë ë¹ë¡íë² ì ëêž°ë²ì ìííë ë³µí© ì ëêž°ë²ì ê³ ë €íìë€.
ì°ì¶ë ì격ììì íìêž°ì íìê³ ì íì ìíŽ ì ë©Ž ë° íë©Ž êµì ìí©ì ëíŽ ë¶í ë êµì ìììŽ ë°ìíìê³ , ë¬ì±ê°ë¥ 충ëê°ì ìê³ì í 구ì조걎ì ìíŽ ìììŽ ì íëìë€. 충ëê° ë³µí©ì ëì ì격ììì ìŽêž°ê±°ëŠ¬ì ë°ë¥ž 충ëê°, ìŽêž°ìì ê°ì ë°ë¥ž ë¬ì±ê°ë¥ 충ëê°, í¹ì 충ëê° êµ¬ì조걎ì ë§ì¡±íêž° ìí ìŽêž°ìì¹ ë° ë¬ì±ê°ë¥í 충ëê°ê³Œ ê°ì ìžë¶ììì êž°ë°ìŒë¡ ììí¹ì±ì íŽìíìë€. ëí, 볞 ì°êµ¬ììë êž°ì¡Žì ì ìë 충ëê° ì ìŽ ë³µí©ì ëêž°ë²ì ì±ë¥ì ê°ì íêž° ìíŽ ë°ì¬ ìŽêž°êµ¬ê°ì ì€ì ë êŽìž¡ê° ëª
ë ¹ì ìì íë ì ëêž°ë²ì ì ìíìë€. ì ìë ì ëêž°ë²ì êž°ì¡Ž 충ëê° ë³µí© ì ëêž°ë²ì ë¹íŽ ëì ì격ìììŽ ì°ì¶ëìë€.
볞 ì°êµ¬ìì ì ëí ì격ììì ê²ìŠíêž° ìíŽ ìì¹ ì뮬ë ìŽì
ì ìííìë€. ê³µëê³µ êµì ìí©ì ëí ì ë©Ž ë° íë©Ž êµì ìë늬ì€ë¥Œ ê³ ë €í ì뮬ë ìŽì
결곌ë 볞 ì°êµ¬ìì ì ìí ìíì íŽìì 결곌륌 ë·ë°ì¹šíìë€. ê° ì ëêž°ë²ì ì±ë¥ì ë¹êµíì¬ íìê³ ì í êž°ëì ìíŽ ë¹ë¡íë² ì ëêž°ë²ì íì ì격 ì±ë¥ìŽ í¥ìëê³ , 볞 ì°êµ¬ìì ì ìí 충ëê° ì ëêž°ë²ì ê²œì° êž°ì¡Ž ì ëêž°ë²ì ë¹íŽ ëì ìììì 충ëê° ì ëì±ë¥ìŽ ëíëšì 볎ìë€.1. Introduction 1
2. Mathematical Preliminaries and Problem Formulation 17
3. Capture Region of Guidance Laws for Target Interception 35
4. Capture Region of FOV-constrained Impact-Angle Control Guidance 57
5. Capture Region Analysis 73
6. Numerical Simulation 103
7. Conclusion 129
Bibliography 133
Appendix 145
êµë¬žìŽë¡ 156Docto
Distributional impact of job training program for displaced workers: a quantile regression approach
ì€ì
ì ì§ì
íë šì¬ì
ì ìëë¶í¬ì ìë ë¶ë¶ì ìì¹íë ì°žì¬ìë€ì ìëì ìŠê°ììŒ ìë ë¶íë±ì íŽìíë ê²ì ì€ìí ì ì±
목ì ìŒë¡ í ë¿ ìëëŒ ê°ì¹ì¬ (merit good)륌 ì ê³µíë ì¬ì
ìŽêž° ë묞ì ëê° ìŽë¥Œ ìë¹íì¬ ë구ìê² ì±ê³Œê° ë°°ë¶ëìëê°ê° ì¬ì
ì ì±ê³µì íê°íë êž°ì€ìŒë¡ì ì¬ì
ì ìŽì²Žì ì±ê³Œë³Žë€ë ì€ìí ì믞륌 ê°ëë€. 볞 ì°êµ¬ë íµì ë³ìì 조걎ë¶ë¡ í볞ì ë¶ë¥íì¬ ë¶í¬ì íšê³Œë¥Œ ì¶ì íê³ ìë€. Propensity scoreì ìì륌 ê°ì€ì¹ë¡ íì¬ ì íížì륌 íµì í ì± ì¶ì í ë¶ìì íê·ì ë¶ì 결곌 ì€ì
ì ì§ì
íë šì¬ì
ì ì¬ì±ì ìêžì ìì¹ìí€ëë° ì ì믞í íšê³Œë¥Œ ê°ì§ê³ ìë ê²ìŒë¡ ë¶ìëììŒë©° í¹í ì¬ì±ì ìêžìì¹ íšê³Œë ìêžìì€ì ë¶í¬ìë ìêŽììŽ ëªšë ê³ìžµì ê³šê³ ë£š ëíëê³ ìë ì ìŽ ë°ê²¬ëìë€. ëí ì¬ì±ì ê²œì° ì€ì
ì ì§ì
íë šì¬ì
ì ëšêž°ì€ì§ììê²ë ì€ì§êž°ê°ì ëšì¶íšê³Œë¥Œ ì¥êž°ì€ì§ììê²ë ì€ì§êž°ê°ì ì°ì¥íšê³Œë¥Œ ë°ììí€ë ìŽì§ì íšê³Œê° ì¡Žì¬íë€ë ì¬ì€ë ë°ê²¬ëìë€. The distributional impacts of vocational training programs for the unemployed are more important that the simple mean impacts because these programs provide merit goods as well as they provide services to those who are located in the lower tail of income distribution. in this study, I attempt to estimate the distributional impact of a reemployment training program using quantile regression approach. I also use propensity score weighted least squares approach in order to control for potential selection effect often observed in reemployment training programs. findings of my study indicate that the program is effective in increasing the wage rate of the female unemployed. In addition, the increasing effect is found to be evenly distributed across all the quantiles of wage distributions. Also for female workers, the effect of the program is heterogenous between short-term and long-term unemployed, being reducing effect for the former and increasing effect for the latter
Factors influencing patient satisfaction with complete dentures
ì¹ìí곌/ìì¬[íêž]
묎ì¹ì
íìì ë³Žì² ì ìë³µì ììŽ ì²« ë²ì§žë¡ ì íëë ë°©ë²ìž ìŽìì¹ ì¹ë£ë ìµê·Œê¹ì§ ììì , ì¬ë£íì ë°ì ìŽ ìŽë£šìŽì§ê³ ììŒë ì¹ë£ í íìê° ížìíë ë¶ížê°ê³Œ ë¶ë§ì¡±ì ì¬ì í ëšììë€. ë°ëŒì ìŽìì¹ íìì ë§ì¡±ëì ìí¥ì 죌ë ììžì ê·ëª
íë €ë ë§ì ì°êµ¬ë€ìŽ ë³Žê³ ëììŒë ê·ž 결곌ë ìŒêŽì±ìŽ ìë€. 볞 ì°êµ¬ììë íìì ì¹ê³Œìì¬ë¥Œ ëììŒë¡ ì€ë¬žì¡°ì¬ë¥Œ ìííì¬ íìê° ëëŒë ìŽìì¹ì ë§ì¡±ë륌 ì¡°ì¬íê³ ìŽì ìí¥ì 죌ë ììžì ê·ëª
íê³ ì íìë€. 1998ë
9ìë¶í° 1999ë
8ìê¹ì§ ì°ìžëíêµ ì¹ê³Œëíë³ìì ìŽìì¹ ì¹ë£ë¥Œ ìíì¬ ëŽìí 33ëª
ì íìë€ì ëììŒë¡ ìŽìì¹ ì¥ì°© 4-6죌 í ìŽìì¹ ë§ì¡±ë, ì¬ííì ììž, ì ì ìíì ììž ë±ì 믞늬 ì ì í ì€ë¬ž í목ë€ì ìŽì©íì¬ ì¡°ì¬íê³ ì§ì ìŽìì¹ ì¹ë£ë¥Œ ìíí ì¹ê³Œìì¬ë€ì ëììŒë¡ íìì 구ê°ìíì ìì¹ì ëí ììì ìž íê°ë¥Œ ì¡°ì¬í í ë€ì€íê·ë¶ìì ìŽì©íŽ ì ë°ì ìž ìì¹ ë§ì¡±ëì ìí¥ì 죌ë ììžë€ì ë¶ìíì¬ ë€ì곌 ê°ì 결곌륌 ì»ìë€.
1. íìì ì¬íìžêµ¬íµê³íì ë³ì ì€, ìì곌ì êŽê³, 겜ì ì ìí, 죌거í겜, ìì¹ì ëí ë€ë¥ž ì¬ëë€ì ì견, ì±ë³ ë±ìŽ ìŽìì¹ ë§ì¡±ëì ìí¥ì ì€ë€.
2. íìì ì ì ìíì ë³ìë€ ì€ ì°ìžìŠì 겜í¥ìŽ ëì íììŒìë¡ ìŽìì¹ì ë§ì¡±íì§ ëª»íë€.
3. ììì ë³ì ì€ êµ¬ê°íŽë¶íì ìíê° ìíží ì§ëŒë íìë ìŽìì¹ì ë§ì¡±íì§ ëª»íë©° ìì¹ì ì§ì ìŽìì¹ ë§ì¡±ëì ìí¥ì ì£Œì§ ëª»íë€.
ê²°ë¡ ì ìŒë¡ ìŽìì¹ íìì ë§ì¡±ëìë ììì , êž°ì ì ìž ë³ììž êµ¬ê°íŽë¶íì 조걎곌 ìì¹ì ì§ë³Žë€ë ì¬íìžêµ¬íµê³í ë° ì ì ìíì ë³ìë€ìŽ ë í° ìí¥ì 죌ë ê²ì ì ì ìë€. ë°ëŒì 볞 ì°êµ¬ë ì¹ê³Œìì¬ë€ìŽ ìŽìì¹ ì¹ë£ì ì±ê³µê³Œ ì€íšë¥Œ ììž¡í ì ìê² íšìŒë¡ìš íìì ì¹ê³Œìì¬ ëªšëìê²ì ìŽìì¹ ë§ì¡±ë륌 ëìŽë ë° ëìì ì€ ì ììŒëŠ¬ëŒ ì¬ë£ëë€.
[ì묞]
In spite of the progress in techniques and materials in complete denture prosthodontics, patients still complain of discomfort after the insertion of complete dentures. For the last several decades many prosthodontists tried to find the factors influencing the patient complete denture satisfaction, however the reported results became a controversy.
33 patients who visited the department of prosthodontics, dental hospital of Yonsei University, 4 to 6 weeks after the complete denture delivery, were asked to complete the questionnaires on complete denture satisfaction, social variables and psychological variables. The prosthodontists who treated the patients with complete dentures were also asked to complete the questionnaires on evaluation of patient's oral condition and technical quality of dentures. The factors influencing patients'
satisfaction with their complete dentures were analyzed using Multiple Regression Analysis.
The following are the results
1. Among the patient's sociodemographic variables, the variables of relationship with children, economic status, housing condition, other people's opinions of dentures and gender were the influential factors on patient's satisfaction with complete dentures.
2. Patients showing the symptoms of depression, one of patient's psychological variables, were dissatisfied with their complete dentures.
3. In spite of good oral condition, patients were dissatisfied with complete dentures whereas the technical quality of dentures did not influence patients complete denture satisfaction.
According to the results above, patient's sociodemographic and psychological variables rather than clinical variables including oral condition and technical quality of dentures were the influential factors on patient complete denture satisfaction. The results of this study may not only enable prosthodontists to
predict the success and failure of complete denture treatment, but also help both prosthodontists and patients be informed of the essentials of increasing satisfaction with complete dentures.ope
Development of thermal error measurement and compensation system for spindle and feed axis in CNC machine tools
íìë
Œë¬ž(ë°ì¬)--ììžëíêµ ëíì :êž°ê³ì€ê³í곌,2000.Docto
ì¬ì¶ ì±íë ëšì¬ì ë³µí©ì¬ë£ì ì¬ì ë°°ìŽê³Œ ìíì ì±ì§ ë° ìŽíœì°œ ê³ì ììž¡ì ëí ì°êµ¬
íìë
Œë¬ž(ìì¬)--ììžëíêµ ëíì :ì¬ì ê³ ë¶ìê³µí곌,1997.Maste
íë©Ž ë§ìŽí¬ë¡ê·žë£šëžì í¬êž°ê° í°íë êž°í ììì ë°°ìë ìžê°ì¹ìì¬ì ììží¬ì ìží¬íëì 믞ì¹ë ìí¥
Dept. of Dental Science/ë°ì¬[íêž]
ì¹ê³Œì© í°íë ìíëížì 죌ì ì°ì¡°ì§ê°ì ë°ìì ìŠì§ìí¬ ê²ìŒë¡ êž°ëëë í°íë íë©Ž ë§ìŽí¬ë¡ê·žë£šëžê° ì€ì ìží¬íëì 믞ì¹ë ìí¥ì ê·ëª
íë €ë ë
žë ¥ìŽ ì ê°ëê³ ìë€. ìŽë¬í ì°êµ¬ë€ìì ë늬 ì¬ì©ë ë§ìŽí¬ë¡ê·žë£šëžë€ì ëë¶ë¶ ë°°ìë ìží¬ì ì§ê²œë³Žë€ ìì 1-10ÎŒmì íì ê°ì§ë©° ì¬ì ììží¬ì íí ë³í륌 ìŒêž°íì¬ focal adhesionì íì±ì ìŠê°ìí€ê³ ì ì ì ë°íì ìí¥ì 죌ë ê²ìŒë¡ ìë €ì ž ììŒë, ì€íì€ ëŽ ìží¬ ìŠììŽë ë묌 ì첎 ëŽ epithelial down-growthì ëí ìí¥ì ìì§ê¹ì§ ê·ëª
ëì§ ëª»íìë€.볞 ì°êµ¬ììë ëšìŒ ìží¬ê° ìì°©ë ì ìë 충ë¶í í곌 ê¹ìŽë¥Œ ê°ì§ë ë§ìŽí¬ë¡ê·žë£šëžê° ì¬ì ììží¬ì ìží¬íë, í¹í ìží¬ìì¡Žë ¥ ë° ìŠìì ìŠì§ìíšë€ë ê°ì€ì ì ìíìê³ , ìŽì íê°ë¥Œ ìíì¬ ë€ìí í¬êž°ì íë©Ž ë§ìŽí¬ë¡ê·žë£šëžê° ë¶ì¬ë í°íë êž°í ììì ë°°ìë ìžê°ì¹ìì¬ì ììží¬ì ìží¬ë¶ì°©, ìží¬íí, ìží¬ìì¡Žë ¥ ë° ìŠì, ì ì ì ë°í ë±ì ëí ë¶ìì ìííìë€. 볞 ì°êµ¬ì 목ì ì í°íë êž°í ììì ë°°ìë ìžê°ì¹ìì¬ì ììží¬ì ìží¬íëì í¹ì§ ì§ìì ììŽ ê°ì¥ ë°ëì§íê² ìí¥ì ì€ ì ìë íë©Ž ë§ìŽí¬ë¡ê·žë£šëžì í¬êž°ë¥Œ ê·ëª
íê³ ì íìë€.í¬í 늬í ê·žëíŒë¥Œ ìŽì©íì¬ ìì í°íë íë©Žì í곌 ê¹ìŽê° ê°ê° 15/3.5 ÎŒm, 30/3.5 ÎŒm, 60/3.5 ÎŒmìž ë§ìŽí¬ë¡ê·žë£šëžë¥Œ ë¶ì¬íê³ ì€íêµ°ìŒë¡ (TiD15, TiD30, TiD60), ííí í°íë êž°íì ëì¡°êµ°ìŒë¡ ì¬ì©íìë€ (smooth Ti). ê° êž°í íë©Žìì ìžê°ì¹ìì¬ì ììží¬ë¥Œ 24, 48, 72, 96ìê° ëì ê°ê° ë°°ìíê³ í¬ëŠ¬ì€í ë°ìŽì¬ë ìŒì, XTTë¶ì, 죌ì¬ì ìí믞겜êŽì°°, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction ë±ì íµíì¬ ê·žë£šëžì ì 묎ì í¬êž°ì ë°ë¥ž ìží¬ì ë¶ì°©, íí, ìì¡Žë ¥ ë° ìŠì, ì ì ì ë°í ë±ì ì°šìŽë¥Œ ë¶ìíìë€. ìží¬ë¶ì°©ê³Œ ìì¡Žë ¥ ë° ìŠìì ê²œì° ìŒììž ë¶ì°ë¶ìì ìŽì©íì¬ íµê³ ë¶ìì ìííìë€.ìŽì 4ê°ì§ ë¶ìì 결곌ë ë€ì곌 ê°ë€.1. ìží¬ë¶ì°© ë¶ì 결곌 í°íë êž°í ììì ë°°ìë ìžê°ì¹ìì¬ì ììží¬ë íë©Ž ë§ìŽí¬ë¡ê·žë£šëž ì 묎ì í¬êž°ì ë°ë¥ž ì ì찚륌 볎ìŽì§ ììë€. ìží¬ ì ì¢
1ìê° ë° 2ìê° í ìžê°ì¹ìì¬ì ììží¬ë ìŽêž° ìží¬-êž°í ì ìŽë§ì íì±íìë€.2. ìží¬íí ë¶ì 결곌 íë©Ž ë§ìŽí¬ë¡ê·žë£šëžê° ë¶ì¬ë í°íë êž°í ììì ë°°ìë ìžê°ì¹ìì¬ì ììží¬ë 귞룚ëžì ë°©í¥ê³Œ íííê² contact guidance륌 ëíëŽìë€. 30/3.5ÎŒm í/ê¹ìŽì 귞룚ëžë ë°°ì íêž°ë¿ ìëëŒ ìŽêž°ìë ê·žë£šëž ëŽë¡ ìží¬ë¥Œ ìì°©ìí¬ ì ììë€. ë¥ì ì 몚ì늬ë 귞룚ëžì ìœëì ìì¹í ì¬ì ììží¬ë€ì ìì±í filopodiaì íì± ë± ìŒì°šì ë°°ì ìì ì ì¬í ìží¬íí륌 ëíëŽìë€.3. ìží¬ìì¡Žë ¥ ë° ìŠìì ë°°ììê°ì ë°ë¥ž ë¶ì 결곌 í°íë êž°í ììì ë°°ìë ìžê°ì¹ìì¬ì ììží¬ë íë©Ž ë§ìŽí¬ë¡ê·žë£šëžì í¬êž°ì ë°ëŒ ìží¬ í¬í ìëì ì°šìŽë¥Œ 볎ìë€. ìžê°ì¹ìì¬ì ììží¬ë 15/3.5ÎŒm í/ê¹ìŽì ë§ìŽí¬ë¡ê·žë£šëžìì 72ìê° ë°°ì ì ííí í°íë êž°íì ë¹íì¬ ì ìí ìŠê°ë¥Œ 볎ììŒë 96ìê°ìì êžê²©í ê°ì륌 ëíëž ë°ë©Ž, 30/3.5ÎŒm í/ê¹ìŽì ë§ìŽí¬ë¡ê·žë£šëžììë 96ìê°ê¹ì§ ì§ìì ìŽê³ ì ì§ì ìž ìŠê°ë¥Œ ëíëŽìë€.4. 15/3.5ÎŒm ë° 30/3.5ÎŒm í/ê¹ìŽì ë§ìŽí¬ë¡ê·žë£šëžìì ë°°ìë ìžê°ì¹ìì¬ì ììží¬ë fibronectin곌 α-5 integrin ë± êž°ì§ëšë°±ì§ì ìì±ê³Œ êŽê³ë ì ì ì ë°íì ëë° ìŠê°ë¥Œ ëíëŽìë€.5. 30/3.5ÎŒm í/ê¹ìŽì ë§ìŽí¬ë¡ê·žë£šëž ììì ë°°ìë ìžê°ì¹ìì¬ì ììží¬ë α-smooth muscle actin ì ì ì ë°íì ê°ìì ëë¶ìŽ fibronectin ë° p21 ì ì ì ë°íì ìŠê° ë± 3ì°šì ìží¬ë°°ì ì í¹ì§ì ìž ì ì ì ë°íì ììì ëíëŽìë€.ìŽìì 결곌ì ë°ëŒ í°íë êž°í íë©Ž 15/3.5ÎŒm í/ê¹ìŽì ë§ìŽí¬ë¡ê·žë£šëžë ë°°ìë ìžê°ì¹ìì¬ì ììží¬ì ìží¬ìì¡Žë ¥ ë° ìŠìì ìŠì§ìí€ê³ êž°ì§ëšë°±ì§ ìì± ì ì ìë€ì ë°íì ìŠì§ìí€ë©°, 30/3.5ÎŒm í/ê¹ìŽì ë§ìŽí¬ë¡ê·žë£šëžë ìžê°ì¹ìì¬ì ììží¬ìê² 3ì°šì ìží¬ë°°ìì í겜ì ì ê³µíì¬ ììíë ìží¬ííì ì ì ì ë°íì ì ëíë ê²ìŒë¡ ê²°ë¡ ì§ì ì ìë€
[ì묞]To enhance interactions between titanium (Ti) oral implants and the surrounding gingival soft tissues, the effects of Ti-surface microgrooves on cell behavior have extensively been investigated. Narrow microgrooves on Ti substrata were verified to induce changes in morphology, cell-substratum adhesion, and gene expression of cultured connective tissue cells, such as fibroblasts. However, their effect on enhancing cell proliferation in vitro or on the ability to effectively reduce epithelial down-growth in vivo, is not yet clear.In this study, we hypothesized that surface microgrooves of appropriate depth and extensive width on Ti substrata that enable the cells to readily descend into themselves, would alter various cell behaviors including viability and proliferation of cultured human gingival fibroblasts. For the evaluation, cell adhesion, morphology, viability and proliferation, and gene expression of human gingival fibroblasts cultured on Ti substrata with various dimensions of surface microgrooves were analyzed. The purpose of this study was to determine the dimension of surface microgrooves on Ti substrata that shows the greatest positive influence on characterizing specific cell behavior of cultured human gingival fibroblasts.Commercially pure Ti discs with surface microgrooves of monotonous 3.5 ÎŒm in depth and respective 15, 30, and 60 ÎŒm in width were fabricated using photolithography and used as the culture substrata in the three experimental groups in this study (TiD15, TiD30, and TiD60 groups), whereas the smooth Ti disc was used as the control substrata (smooth Ti group). Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured on the four groups of titanium substrata on successive timelines. Cell behaviors, such as adhesion, morphology, viability and proliferation, and gene expression were analyzed and compared between all groups using crystal violet stain, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XTT assay, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. One-way analysis of variance was used in the statistical analyses on the adhesion as well as the viability and proliferation data. From the results of the analyses on various biological activities of human gingival fibroblasts, the following results were obtained.1. There was no difference between the numbers of human gingival fibroblasts adhered to smooth Ti substrata and those adhered to Ti substrata with surface microgrooves at 1 and 2 h incubation. Fibroblasts merely formed initial cell-substratum contact by the times.2. In SEM, contact guidance of human gingival fibroblasts parallel to the direction of microgrooves was observed. Cells were able to readily descend into the microgrooves of 30 ÎŒm in width and 3.5 ÎŒm in depth at the early phase of culture, whereas at the later phase, cells in all groups were found both in the grooves and on the ridges. Cells on the ridge edges or in groove corners were spindle shaped with abundant filopodia formation towards the acid-etched surface inside the microgrooves, thus mimicked the shape of the fibroblasts cultured in three-dimensional (3D) nanoenvironment.3. On successive timelines, human gingival fibroblasts cultured on Ti substrata with various dimensions of surface microgrooves showed differences in the rate of reaching their confluence. Human gingival fibroblasts cultured on Ti substrata with microgrooves of 15 ÎŒm in width and 3.5 ÎŒm in depth significantly increased their viability and proliferation compared with those cultured on smooth Ti substrata after 72 h of culture and decreased after 96 h, whereas the cells on the microgrooves of 30 ÎŒm in width and 3.5 ÎŒm in depth continued increasing their viability and proliferation up to after 96 h of culture.4. A joint up-regulation of matrix-assembly genes, such as fibronectin and ?5 integrin genes, was noted in human gingival fibroblasts cultured on titanium substrata with microgrooves of 15 and 30 ÎŒm in width and an equal 3.5 ÎŒm in depth.5. Gene expression pattern specific to the cells in 3D-matrix culture, such as down-regulation of ?-smooth muscle actin gene along with up-regulation of fibronectin and p21 genes, was pronounced in human gingival fibroblasts cultured on Ti substrata with microgrooves of 30 ÎŒm in width and 3.5 ÎŒm in depth.In reference to the results above, two conclusions were made.: 1) Surface microgrooves of 15 ÎŒm in width and 3.5 ÎŒm in depth on titanium substrata increase the viability and proliferation, as well as the expression of genes involved in the matrix assembly of cultured human gingival fibroblasts. 2) Surface microgrooves of 30 ÎŒm in width and 3.5 ÎŒm in depth on titanium substrata provide human gingival fibroblasts with a three-dimensional context of culture, thus show corresponding gene expression.ope
ìì»· í°ì¥ì ììŽì ìì€ížë¡ê² ìì©ì²Ž ìííì ë°íì êŽí ì 겜ëŽë¶ë¹íì ì°êµ¬
Thesis (doctoral)--ììžëíêµ ëíì :ìëª
곌íë¶,2004.Docto
Developing Indicators and an Analytical Technique for Gender-Responsive Budget Statements
볞 ì°êµ¬ë êž°ì¡Žì ì±ìžì§ ìì° ë¶ìë°©ë²ìŽ ê°ê³ ìë íê³ì ì 극복íë ìë¡ìŽ ë¶ìë°©ë²ë¡ ì ì ìíê³ ìŽë¥Œ íì©íì¬ ì¬ì
ì íë³ë¡ ììì ë¶ìì ìííì¬ ê·ž 결곌륌 ì ìíšì 목ì ìŒ ë¡ ìíëìë€. 볞 ì°êµ¬ìì ì ìíë ìë¡ìŽ ì±ìžì§ ìì° ë¶ìë°©ë²ì íµì¬ì 구조íë ëšì±ê³Œ ì¬ì± ê°ì ì ì±
ììì ëí 격찚륌 ë°ìí ì±ë³ ííí ìì€ì ê°ë
ì ëª
íí íê³ ìŽë¥Œ ì±ìž ì§ ë¶ìì ìí ì§í ê°ë°ê³Œ ì°êŽììŒ ë¶ìíë ê²ìŽë€. ì±ë³ íííì 목ì ë¬ì±ì ìíŽìë ë¶ íë±ì ì€í íì
ë¿ ìëëŒ êµ¬ì¡°íë ë¶íë±ì ììžì íì
íë ìì
ìŽ ì€ìíë°, ë¶íë±ì ì ìž ììê° ë°ìë ì§í, ìŠ ì±ë³ê²©ì°šììž ì§í륌 íµíì¬ êµ¬ì¡°ì ë¶íë± ììžì íµì íìê³ ë€ë¥ž ìž ê°ì§ ì§í í¬ì
ì§í, ì°ì¶ì§í, 결곌ì§í륌 íì©í ëšê³ì ë¶ìë°©ë²ë ì ìíìë€. ëí ì íì°êµ¬ë€ìì ì¬ì©ë êž°ë²ë€ê³Œ 볞 ì°êµ¬ìì ìë¡ê² ì ìë êž°ë²ì ì ì믞íê² ë€ë¥ž ì€ìŠë¶ì 결곌륌 ì°ì¶íŽ ëì ììì ì€ìŠë¶ìì íµíì¬ ì ìíìë€. This paper presents a new analysis methodology that overcomes the limitations of previous gender-responsive budget analysis methods. The main purpose of this study is to conduct an exemplary analysis through the use of a new analysis methodology and to present its results. The new methodology presented in this paper clarifies the concept of the level of gender equality that accurately reflects the structural gap between the policy needs of men and women, and connects this to the actual development of an indicator for gender analysis. This paper presents a new analytical method that controls for the structural factors that produce the essential differences in the policy needs between men and women. This paper argues that these gender-gap factors have been overlooked in previous studies, and demonstrates that the new analytical method generates significantly different results from those presented by previous analytical methods
ìŽìíë¶ë¬Žë¥Œ ìŽì©í MOCVDì ìí PZT ë°ë§ì ì ì¡°
íìë
Œë¬ž(ìì¬)--ììžëíêµ ëíì :묎Ʞì¬ë£ê³µí곌,1996.Maste
ëšì¬ì ë³µí©ì¬ë£ì ì¬ì¶ì±íì ëí ìì¹ íŽì
Thesis (doctoral)--ììžëíêµ ëíì :ì¬ë£ê³µíë¶,2003.Docto
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