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    A Study on the Distance of Safe Passing Considering Ship to Ship Interaction

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    This thesis suggests a standard distance of safe passing considering ship to ship interaction under circumstances such as moored ship passing, head-on encountering and two ships in overtaking. It may provides useful information to the ship's operators on the marine spot. Ship handling simulator is employed to derive the non-dimensional coefficients of interaction forces and method of MLIT(Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan) is used to calculate the rudder angle of course keeping and the separation of two ships. For decades, prediction skill of hydrodynamic interaction between two ships in close proximity has been developed by many researchers at home and aboard. In order to validate the accuracy of interaction skill in ship handling simulator, error analyses for the representative five different ships under three situation of interaction are conducted by comparing the theoretical calculation and simulation calculation. With the verified ship handling simulator, simulations are widely performed to find the appropriate separation between two ships and course-keeping rudder angles under interaction circumstances. In order to derive the optimum distances of safe passing, diverse parameters such as the ship's length, ship's draft, speed of two ships, water depth, lateral distance between two ships, longitudinal distance between two ships are considered. Also, this thesis handles many ship models as target ships such as container ship(Panamax and over Panamax), bulk carrier, VLCC(including Suezmax and Aframax), oil tanker, LNG carrier, passenger cruise ship, passenger car ferry, ro-ro passenger ferry, car carrier, fishery training ship, articulated tug-barge. Characteristics of ship's motions under interaction circumstances is represented by the non-dimensional coefficients of surge force, sway force and yaw moment. Safe distances of panamax container ship under moored passing condition are suggested according to the passing speeds of 7knots, 9knots and 12knots. Also, the safe distances of panamax container ship under head-on encountering and overtaking conditions are researched by considering the influence of speeds, ratio of own ship length to target ship length, ratio of water depth to the ship's draft. Safe distances of panamax container ship according to the water depth are thought to be useful for the ship's operators on the marine spot. In addition, safe distances according to the own ship's draft and the target ship's draft are investigated with influence of the water depth. Finally, safe distances of minimum 1 cable and 0.7(own ship's length overall) are required to pass the object ships using a rudder angle of 10 degree for the panamax container ship and VLCC of manoeuvering speed in harbour and waterways under circumstances such as moored ship passing, head-on encountering and overtaking conditions.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ 2 1.2.1 ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•œ ์„ ๋ฐ• ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ„์„ญ๋ ฅ ์ถ”์ •์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2 1.2.2 ์•ˆ์ „ํ†ตํ•ญ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 4 1.3 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ 5 1.4 ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 6 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์œ ์ฒด์—ญํ•™์  ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ฐ„์„ญ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์„ 8 2.1 ์œ ์ฒด์—ญํ•™์  ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ฐ„์„ญ(hydrodynamic interaction) ๊ธฐ์ˆ  8 2.1.1 2D ์„ญ๋™๋ฒ•(Two-dimensional perturbation method) 8 2.1.2 3D ํŒ๋„ฌ๋ฒ•(Three-dimensional panel method) 8 2.1.3 ๋น„์ ์„ฑ RANS๊ธฐ๋ฒ•(Viscous RANS method) 9 2.1.4 ์ˆ˜์กฐ์‹คํ—˜๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(Experimental method) 10 2.2 ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ MLIT์™€ PIANC์˜ ๊ฐ„์„ญ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ•ญ๋กœํญ ์‚ฐ์ • 11 2.2.1 ์ธก๋ฒฝ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ํ•ญ๋กœํญ 13 2.2.2 ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜๋ฉฐ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ ํ•„์š” ํ•ญ๋กœํญ 14 2.2.3 ์ถ”์›” ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ ํ•„์š” ํ•ญ๋กœํญ 15 2.3 ๊ฐ„์„ญ๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ข…ํ•ฉ ๋ถ„์„ 16 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์„ ๋ฐ•์กฐ์ข…์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ฐ„์„ญ ๋ถ„์„ 17 3.1 Transas ์„ ๋ฐ•์กฐ์ข…์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๋ชจ๋ธ 17 3.1.1 ์„ ๋ฐ•์กฐ์ข…๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ 18 3.1.2 ๊ทผ์ ‘ ํ†ตํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ์„ ๋ฐ•๊ณผ ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ๊ฐ„์„ญ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„ 20 3.1.3 ์„ ๋ฐ•์กฐ์ข…์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฌด์ฐจ์›๊ณ„์ˆ˜ 21 3.2 ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 23 3.2.1 Kongsberg maritime 23 3.2.2 FORCE Technology 23 3.2.3 ์„ธ์ดํ”„ํ…๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜(SafeTechResarch, STR) 24 3.3 ์„ ๋ฐ•์กฐ์ข…์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ ๋ฐ•๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ฐ„์„ญ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฒ€์ฆ(Transas) 25 3.4 ๊ฐ„์„ญ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋ณ„ ์ด๋ก ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 30 3.4.1 ์ด๋ก ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ ์„ ๋ฐ• ์„ ์ • 30 3.4.2 ์ธก๋ฒฝ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 34 3.4.3 ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜๋ฉฐ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 40 3.4.4 ์ถ”์›” ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 46 3.5 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ„์„ญ๋ ฅ ์ถ”์ •๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ถ„์„ 52 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋ณ„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ†ตํ•ญ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„์„ 54 4.1 ์•ˆ์ „ํ†ตํ•ญ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฐ์ • ์ˆœ์„œ 54 4.1.1 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ• 55 4.1.2 ๋ฌด์ฐจ์› ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ 58 4.2 ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์„  ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ํ†ตํ•ญ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„์„ 59 4.2.1 ์‹คํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด ์„ค์ • 59 4.3 ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜๋ฉฐ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ํ†ตํ•ญ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„์„ 75 4.3.1 ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ• ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด ์„ค์ • 75 4.3.2 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 76 4.3.3 ํƒ€๊ฐ๊ณ„์‚ฐ 83 4.4 ์ถ”์›” ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ํ†ตํ•ญ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„์„ 90 4.4.1 ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ• ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์กฐ๊ฑด ์„ค์ • 90 4.4.2 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 91 4.4.3 ํƒ€๊ฐ๊ณ„์‚ฐ 98 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ์•ˆ์ „ํ†ตํ•ญ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 106 5.1 ์ƒํ™ฉ๋ณ„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ†ตํ•ญ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” 106 5.1.1 ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์„  ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ํ†ตํ•ญ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ 106 5.1.2 ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜๋ฉฐ ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ํ†ตํ•ญ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ 110 5.1.3 ์ถ”์›” ํ†ต๊ณผ์‹œ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ํ†ตํ•ญ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ 115 5.2 ์ˆ˜์‹ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋ณ„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ†ตํ•ญ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” 120 5.2.1 ๋™์ผ ์„ ๋ฐ•์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜์‹ฌ๋ณ„ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” 120 5.2.2 ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ๋ฐ•์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜์‹ฌ๋ณ„ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” 122 5.3 ํ˜์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋ณ„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ†ตํ•ญ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” 125 5.3.1 ์ž์„ ์˜ ํ˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” (T1>T2, h/T1=1.2) 125 5.3.2 ์ƒ๋Œ€์„ ์˜ ํ˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™” (T1<T2, h/T2=1.2) 130 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  134 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 137Docto

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