31 research outputs found

    Tendency and Countermeasures on Green Logistics in Port Logistics Company

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    Global warming is the chief reason for natural disaster such as heat wave, drought, flood, etc. and for ecological destruction such as forest devastation and endangered species. In case the average global temperature rises 1.5~2.5ยฐC, 20~30% of animals and plants die out and if it rises 3ยฐC, the resultant rising surface of the sea can swamp 30% of the coasts around the world (IPCC, 2007). For this reason, countries centering on advanced ones effected Kyoto Protocol (February โ€™05), an international agreement on concrete executive plans offered by UNFCCC(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) for regulating and preventing global warming, carrying on with efforts to reduce greenhouse gas, with the reduction goal on its discharge established for advanced countries, and posing a great possibility that in the future, protection of the environment will be adopted as an important subject for international cooperation. Together with it, Korea, an economic structure greatly depending on foreign trade and the worldโ€™s No. 10 country in energy consumption and No. 7 in greenhouse gas emissions, is expected to be included from 2013 as the state under compulsory reduction of greenhouse gas according to post Kyoto Protocol, and thus in an urgent situation that requires positive preparations for reducing greenhouse gas. With a rising awareness of such matters, every kind of regulations against environmental pollutions are gradually increasing with a focus on port and advanced countries including the US and Japan are carrying on developing green ports oriented toward green growth in their field of port Though until now, individual plans for constructing environment-friendly port system such as using and developing alternative energy, developing recycling port and hybridizing power of loading and unloading equipment are partially being reviewed and executed, considering the burden of having to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 5.2% on average against 1990 even at port by the provisions of post Kyoto Protocol to be applied from 2013, it is urgent to establish the suitable countermeasures of port logistics company for the sake of building a green port. For these reasons, this thesis carried out literary and positive investigation. To grasp the trend of environment-friendly distribution expulsion in the sector of shipping and port, it investigated domestic and foreign institutions, the governmentโ€™s laws and regulations related to low-carbon green growth, etc. to analyze the governmentโ€™s supportive policies on the construction of environment-friendly distribution system and their expected effects, and surveyed the cases of pushing for environment-friendly distribution system of advanced foreign port logistics company to draw the plans for building environment-friendly distribution for domestic port logistics company.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 2 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… ๋ฐ ๋™ํ–ฅ 1. ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์˜์˜ 4 2. ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 7 3. ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜์ฒด๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋™ํ–ฅ 9 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ํ•ญ๋งŒ์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜์ฒด๊ณ„ ์ถ”์ง„๋™ํ–ฅ ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํ•ด์™ธ ํ•ญ๋งŒ์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜์ฒด๊ณ„ ์ถ”์ง„๋™ํ–ฅ 11 1. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ•ญ๋งŒ 11 2. ์ผ๋ณธ ํ•ญ๋งŒ 13 3. ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ํ•ญ๋งŒ 16 4. ํ•ด์™ธ์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜๋™ํ–ฅ ์š”์•ฝ 19 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ•ญ๋งŒ์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜์ฒด๊ณ„ ์ถ”์ง„๋™ํ–ฅ 20 1. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ•ญ๋งŒ์˜ ์ถ”์ง„๋™ํ–ฅ 20 2. ์ง€์› ์‹œ์ฑ… 21 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ํ•ญ๋งŒ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์‘๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ํ•ญ๋งŒ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  24 1. ํ•ด์™ธ ํ•ญ๋งŒ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  24 2. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ•ญ๋งŒ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  25 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ํ•ญ๋งŒ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋Œ€์‘๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ…์ œ์–ธ 29 1. ํ•ญ๋งŒ๋ฌผ๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋Œ€์‘๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 29 2. ์ •์ฑ… ์ œ์–ธ 31 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  36 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 3

    Study of airborne complex mixtures on gap junctional intercellular communication of rat liver epithelial cells

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ˆ˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์˜๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™์ „๊ณต,2000.Docto

    ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ํ•™๊ณผ, 2022. 8. ๊น€์ถ˜์ˆ˜.A place is the physical and psychological basis for all human activities. Although the meaning and character of a place may differ by time, it has exerted influence as a prerequisite for human life for a long time and is still the basis of daily life in a fundamental sense; furthermore, it is a powerful concept that determines the political, economic, and cultural characteristics of a society. However, at present, its unique characteristics are gradually disappearing and becoming uniform, and it is changing into an abstract space that exists but is invisible and difficult to recognize. The various places in the world where capital has penetrated have taken similar forms, and the lives of the people living there have also changed in a similar way. In addition, electronic media that transcend time and space, such as the Internet and television, have resolved the physical limitations of space and connected the whole world. The indirect experience through media has changed the way we perceive places defined by regions and borders. The time has arrived that requires a new understanding and interpretation of space. Today, places are not just in reality. Digital media produce virtual places that surpass reality. Such places composed of immaterial data and images give us place experiences that are impossible in reality and help us understand the places more broadly beyond limited information. However, virtual places are inevitably defined by the intention and purpose of the creator. In short, they are simply another form of reproduced places. Virtual reality, which controls the perspective that exerts an absolute influence on human perception and reflects the movement of the body to feel that it exists in the image provided by the device, attempts to replace the actual place, but still has technical limitations that rely on visual experience. Therefore, users who encounter virtual reality should not be misled by the welcome image, but should weigh the properties of the device that implements the virtual environment and look at its ultimate purpose. I focused on the virtual reality device and proceeded with a virtual reality work that could critically view the image in virtual reality through an installation structure that removes elements of the device that binds the body and hinders immersion into virtual reality, and discussed its effect. I do not see the current situation in which the influence of a real place weakens and a virtual place replacing it becomes more common around us. The place is not disappearing, but its appearance is changing fluidly. Therefore, we cannot help but ask questions about different places than before. It is the question of who changes the place and what is its purpose. Based on this awareness of the problem, I explored the meaning and conditions of today's place and proceeded to reveal the ideology inherent in the place. Ideology forms a particular belief system to unite groups, becoming an absolute standard for a society, and is good at packaging itself as if it were natural. In addition, it is intended to inject ideology into members of society through the specific reality of place. I believe that there is room for the attributes of these ideologies to work negatively rather than positively influenced, so that we should independently accept the ideology away from uncritical acceptance and blind attitude. In order to reconsider the ideology that defines the place, I have made animation works using 3D computer graphic images. Computer graphic images remind the place of reality through realistic reproduction against the background of the real place, but the fictional scene in the video overlaps reality and virtualization, making it look back on the meaning and character of the place. This paper describes the my intention to promote understanding on the conditions and meanings of today's changing places, and to analyze my VR and animation work. Although the limitations of not being able to cover all the various places of the same period with the limited work of I am deeply felt, I would like to find the significance of the study in that it was an opportunity to examine my work and consider the direction of future work through this paper.์žฅ์†Œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™œ๋™์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‚ถ์˜ ์ „์ œ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ์˜จ ์žฅ์†Œ๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทผ์›์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์ผ์ƒ์˜ ํ„ฐ์ „์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ •์น˜, ๊ฒฝ์ œ, ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Ÿฌ ์žฅ์†Œ๋Š” ์ ์  ๊ทธ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ํš์ผํ™”๋˜์–ด, ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ถ”์ƒ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ณธ์ด ์นจํˆฌํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™œ๋„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ TV๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹œ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋„˜๋‚˜๋“œ๋Š” ์ „์ž๋งค์ฒด๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งค์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ดํ•ด์™€ ํ•ด์„์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋ž˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์žฅ์†Œ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค ์†์—๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋งค์ฒด๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋œ ๊ฐ€์ƒ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์„ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•œ์ •๋œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํญ๋„“์€ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์† ์žฅ์†Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์˜ ์˜๋„์™€ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทœ์ •๋  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์žฌํ˜„๋œ ์žฅ์†Œ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค์€ ๊ฐ€์ƒ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์† ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ์† ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์•„์ง ์‹œ๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์˜์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” ํ™˜์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์— ํ˜„ํ˜น๋˜์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ƒํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์†์„ฑ์„ ๋”ฐ์ ธ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ์žฅ์น˜์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์‹ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ์˜ ๋ชฐ์ž…์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค์น˜๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ์† ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋น„ํŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์•ฝํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ํ”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฉธ๋กœ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ์žฅ์†Œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ์œ ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ์ด์ „๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์Œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ง‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์‹ ๋…์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋˜๊ณ , ๋งˆ์น˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ํฌ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์‹ค์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•  ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฌด๋น„ํŒ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ณผ ๋งน๋ชฉ์  ํƒœ๋„์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ต์••์  ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” 3D ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ ์ธ ์žฌํ˜„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜์ƒ ์†์˜ ํ—ˆ๊ตฌ์  ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์„ ์ค‘์ฒฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ด‰๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ์„œ์ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค ์ž‘์—…๊ณผ ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋ก ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ์ •๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ์ž‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋™์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.I. ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 II. ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ 11 1. ์žฅ์†Œ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 11 2. ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ์žฅ์†Œ 22 3. ๋งค์ฒด ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์žฅ์†Œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ 29 III. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋งค์ฒด๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ 37 1. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋œ ๊ฐ€์ƒ๊ณต๊ฐ„ 37 2. ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 46 3. ๋ชฐ์ž…๊ณผ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด ์ถฉ๋Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒํ˜„์‹ค 59 IV. ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ต๋ž€๊ณผ ํ•ด์ฒด 72 1. ์žฅ์†Œ, ํ’๊ฒฝ, ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ 72 2. ๋Œ€์ž์—ฐ์— ํˆฌ์‚ฌ๋œ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜ 80 3. ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ 88 4. ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๊ณต๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋‹จ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž”์žฌ 101 5. ์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ 114 V. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  123 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 131 Abstract 135๋ฐ•

    (A) study on the nutruent(nitrogen & phosphorus) removal techniques for the preservation of water resources

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    ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜์ž์›์˜ ์–‘์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์ž์›์˜ ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์งˆ์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ˆ˜์ž์›์˜ ์ด์šฉ์— ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋Œ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜๋ถ€์˜ ํ•˜์ฒœ์ด ์ธ๊ณตํ˜ธ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฃผ์š” ์šฉ์ˆ˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์ธ ๋‹ด์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ˆ˜์งˆ์ €ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋‹ด์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ˆ˜์งˆ์„ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”์ธ์€ ๋ถ€์˜์–‘ํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ถ€์˜์–‘ํ™” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋ผ ํ•จ์€ ์ˆ˜๊ณ„๋‚ด์— ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์–‘์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€์˜์–‘ํ™” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์€ ๋‹ด์ˆ˜ํ˜ธ์˜ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜์ž์›์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ ค ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์—ผ์†Œ ์†Œ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋…์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ์ˆ˜๋„๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฐœ์ƒ, ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์˜ ํ”ผํ•ด, ๊ธˆ์† ๋ถ€์‹, ์ˆ˜๊ณ„์˜ ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์–ด๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ์‚ฌ๋“ฑ ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์˜์–‘ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์ธ์ž์ธ ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์˜ค์—ผ์›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜๊ณ„ ์œ ์ž…์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ค์—ผ์›์˜ ์œ ์ž…๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ค์—ผ์› ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ์งˆ์†Œ ์ธ์˜ ์ €๊ฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๋น„์ ์˜ค์—ผ์›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์งˆ์†Œ์™€ ์ด์ธ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ณ„ ์œ ์ž…๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ด์งˆ์†Œ 165.8 TON/์ผ, ์ด์ธ์€ 19.3 TON/์ผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ ์˜ค์—ผ์›์ค‘ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์ด์งˆ์†Œ, ์ด์ธ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ณ„ ์œ ์ž… ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์€ 405.2 TON/์ผ, 17.3 TON/์ผ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ์œ ์ž…๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์˜ 56.0%(์ด์งˆ์†Œ), 28.9% (์ด์ธ)๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2. ์ ์˜ค์—ผ์›์ธ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„ํ์ˆ˜(๋ถ„๋‡จ, ์ถ•์‚ฐ, ์‚ฐ์—…ํ์ˆ˜)๊ฐ€ ์ด์งˆ์†Œ 236.3 TON/์ผ, ์ด์ธ 32.8 TON/์ผ์ด ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ์ด์งˆ์†Œ 32.6%, ์ด์ธ์€ 48.0%๋กœ ์ถ”์ • ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๊ณ„์— ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์ด์งˆ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋…„๊ฐ„ 264,440 TON ์ „์ฒด ์ด์ธ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋…„๊ฐ„ 21,830 TON์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝ 12.1 : 1 ๋น„๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋„์‹œํ•˜์ˆ˜์˜ ๋น„์ ์˜ค์—ผ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•  ๋•Œ ์˜ค์—ผ์›์˜ ์ „์ฒด ์ด์งˆ์†Œ, ์ด์ธ์˜ ์œ ์ž… ๋ถ€ํ•˜์œจ์˜ 61.7%, 45.8% ๊ฐ€ ๋น„์ ์˜ค์—ผ์›์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 4. ์ ์˜ค์—ผ์› ๋ฐ ๋น„์ ์˜ค์—ผ์›์˜ ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜ ์œ ์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ธ๊ณตํ˜ธ(์†Œ์–‘, ์ถฉ์ฃผ, ๋Œ€์ฒญ, ์•ˆ๋™, ํŒ”๋‹น)๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ธ์˜ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท  ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ฒญํ˜ธ, ์•ˆ๋™ํ˜ธ, ํŒ”๋‹นํ˜ธ๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ ์ ์ฐจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Carlson ๋ฐ Aizaki์˜ ๋ถ€์˜์–‘ํ™” ์ง€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ ์†Œ์–‘ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๋นˆ์˜์–‘ ์ƒํƒœ, ์ถฉ์ฃผํ˜ธ๋Š” ์ค‘์˜์–‘ํ˜ธ๋กœ, ๋Œ€์ฒญ, ์•ˆ๋™ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์ค‘์˜์–‘์—์„œ ๋ถ€์˜์–‘ํ™” ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ, ํŒ”๋‹นํ˜ธ๋Š” ๋ถ€์˜์–‘ํ™”์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 5. ์ „์ฒด ์ด์งˆ์†Œ ๋ฐ ์ด์ธ์˜ ์œ ์ž… ๋ถ€ํ•˜์œจ์ค‘ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ด์งˆ์†Œ, ์ด์ธ์˜ ์œ ์ž…๋ถ€ํ•˜์œจ์€ 56.0%, 28.9% ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์„ค์ด ๋ฏธ๋น„ ๋ฐ ๋„์‹œํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„ ๋ณด๊ธ‰์œจ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ• ๋•Œ ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜์ˆ˜์˜ 78%๊ฐ€ ๋น„์ ์˜ค์—ผ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์กด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ˆ˜์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์žฅ๋งŒ์˜ ์‹ ์„ค๋กœ๋Š” ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜(์ด์งˆ์†Œ, ์ด์ธ)์ €๊ฐํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋„์‹œํ•˜์ˆ˜๋„์˜ ์ •๋น„ ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ธ‰์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํƒˆ์งˆ.ํƒˆ์ธ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณต๋ฒ•์˜ ์ ์šฉ์ด ๋ณ‘ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ˜ธ์†Œ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ํ•˜์ฒœ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ์„ค์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํƒˆ์งˆ.ํƒˆ์ธ ๊ณต์ •์˜ ์‹œ์„ค์„ค์น˜๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ ๋œ๋‹ค. 6. ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณต๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” VIP์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ํ˜๊ธฐ.ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜๊ธฐํ˜ธ๊ธฐ๋น„์ˆœํ™˜๋ฒ•์ด ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์—ฌ๊ฑด์ƒ ์ˆ˜์˜จ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”(์ €์˜จ) ๋ฐ ์šด์ „๊ฒฝ๋น„ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•  ๋•Œ ํ˜๊ธฐํ˜ธ๊ธฐ ๋น„์ˆœํ™˜๋ฒ•์ด ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋˜๋‚˜, ์ฒด๋ฅ˜์‹œ๊ฐ„(24.4HRS)์ด ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ, VIP์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฒด๋ฅ˜์‹œ๊ฐ„(8.8HRS)์€ ์งง์œผ๋‚˜ ํ˜๊ธฐํ˜ธ๊ธฐ๋น„์ˆœํ™˜๋ฒ•์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์˜ค๋‹ˆ๋ฐ˜์†ก(Sludge return)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์šด์ „๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์€ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜์ˆ˜๋กœ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ œ๊ฑฐ์œจ์€ ์ด์งˆ์†Œ 85%, ์ด์ธ 80%๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. 7. ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„ ํ์ˆ˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์ด์ธ์˜ 48.O% ์ธ 32.5 TON/์ผ์ค‘์— ์ถ•์‚ฐํ์ˆ˜์˜ ์œ ์ž…๋ถ€ํ•˜์œจ์€ ์ „์ฒด ์ด์ธ์˜ 29.8%(์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„ ํ์ˆ˜์ค‘์˜ 54.3%)๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ„๋‡จ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ›„์˜ ์œ ์ž…๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์€ 8.6 TON/์ผ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ์ด์ธ์˜ 14.47(์‚ฐ์—…๊ณ„ ํ์ˆ˜์˜ 26.2%์— ํ•ด๋‹น)๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ „์ฒด ์ด์ธ์˜ ์œ ์ž…๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋‡จ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ์„ค ๋ฐ ์ถ•์‚ฐํ์ˆ˜์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜(๊ธฐ์กด) ํ™œ์„ฑ์˜ค๋‹ˆ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ›„ ์‘์ง‘์นจ์ „์‹œ์„ค์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์ •์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ถ„๋‡จ ๋ฐ ์ถ•์‚ฐํ์ˆ˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์‹ ์„คํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํƒˆ์งˆ.ํƒˆ์ธ์˜ ๋™์‹œ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ค‘ PHOSTRIP๊ณต์ •์ด ์ด์ธ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์™€ ํƒˆ์งˆ ํƒˆ์ธ์˜ ๋™์‹œ์ œ๊ฑฐ์— ์œ ํšจํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. 8. ์ˆ˜๊ณ„์˜ ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜ ์œ ์ž… ์ €๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ๋„์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Œ€์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„๋‡จ ์ข…๋ง์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด '96๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ด์งˆ์†Œ, ์ด์ธ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฅ˜์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์žฌ์กฐ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ถ•์‚ฐ๋ถ„๋‡จํ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์˜์–‘๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ €๊ฐํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ถ•์‚ฐ ๊ทœ์ œ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฒ”์œ„( ๋น„๊ทœ์ œ๋Œ€์ƒ: ๋ผ์ง€ 69.0%, ์†Œ 92.9% ๋“ฑ)์˜ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ง€์›๋Œ€์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ์ˆ˜์ž์› ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜ ์ €๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ–‰์ •์  ๋Œ€์ฑ…๊ณผ ์˜์–‘๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ ์งˆ์†Œ. ์ธ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๊ณต์ •์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Due to the increase of population and the development of industry, the needs in the quantity of water resouces are rapidly inclosed. But the quality of those become so worse that the use of those leads to the serious problems. Especially, the turning of the upper stream into the artificial lake or reservoir by the construction of dam makes the quality of a freshwater lake worse and which causes the serious social problems. The main factor causing the deterioration of the quality of a freshwater lake is the eutrophication, which is the rapid increase of production of phytoplankton by the increase of nutrients in the water body. Using a freshwater lake as water resources, the eutrophication causes the increase of toxic substances as a consequence of the chlorination, odour of water supply, damage of crops, corrosion of metals, and the death of fish by the decomposition of water. In this study, the influent loadings are estimated in order to reduce the nutrients flowing into the water system and the technologies of removal of nitrogen and phosphorus according to the characteristics of sources of pollution are reviewed, The conclusions obtained are as follows; 1. Influent loadings into the water system from the nonpoint pollution sources are estimated at 165.8 ton/day of total nitrogen and at 19.3 ton/day of total phosphorus. Those from the point pollution sources are 405.2 ton/day and 17.3 ton/day in the domestic sewage, which contain 56.0% of total nitrogen and 28.9% of total phosphorus of total influent loads. 2. The industrial waste water, the point pollution source is flowing into the water system at a rate of 236.3 ton/ day of total nitrogen and 32.8 ton/day of total phosphorus, being 32.6% and 48.0% of the total influent loads, respectively. 3. In Korea, the total amounts of nitrogen and phosphrous flowing into the water body are estimated at 264,440 tons and 21,830 tons per year, respectively, which is approximately 12.1 : 1 ratio. Considering the characteristics of nonpoint pollution source of the municipal waste water, it is showed that 61.1% of the total nitrogen is regarded as nonpoint pollution source and 45.8% of total phosphrous is. 4. The qualities of the artificial lakes (Soyang, Chungju, Daecheong, Andong, Paldang) in Korea due to the inflow of nutrients were investigated and the yearly means of total phosphorus of Daecheong, Andong, and Paldang lakes avow the increasing trends. According to the Carlson and Aizaki's eutrophication state index, it is showed that Soyang, Chungju, and Andong lakes becomes oligotrophication, mesotrophication and eutrophication, respectively. 5. Of the influent loadings of the total amounts of total nitrogen and total phosphorus, the portions contributed by the domestic sewage are 56.0% and 28.9%, respectively but the 78% of actual domestic sewage is discharged in the farm of nonpoint pollution sources when we consider the insufficiency and spread rate of the sewer system. Thus the reduction of nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) can not be expected by the pre-existing treatment system. Improvement of the sewer system and the spread rate should be made and the biological treatment technologies for the denitrification and dephosphorization should be adopted simultaneously. Also it is required that the removal process for nutrients be made in the treatment plant located in the stream flowing into the lake directly, 6. Among the treatment technologies, the VIP(Virginea Initiation Plant) process and the anaerobic-aerobic-nonrecycle process are appropriate far the removal of nutrients. Considering the fluctuations of temperature (low temp.) and the operation cost, the anaerobic-aerobic-nonrecycle process is preferred but the retention time (24.4 HRS) is long. For the VIP process the retention time (8.8 HRS) is short but recycling of large amounts of sludge raises the operation cost. These processes are expected to the removal of nutrients inflowing to the domestic sewage 85% in total nitrogen, 80% in total phosphorus. 7. It is investigated that among 32.8% ton/day, which is 48.05 of total amounts of total phosphorus discharged from industrial waste water, the influent loadings of the livestock waste water is 29.8% and after the treatment of night soil, being 8.6 ton/day which becomes 14.4% of total amounts of total phosphorus. Hence the coagulation-precipitation system is required necessarily after the treatment of the existing activated sludge system in order to reduce the quantities of total amounts of total phosphorus. It is estimated that in case of constructing the new treatment plant far night soil and livestocks, the PHOSTRIP process is effective for the stable treatment and the simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in the future. 8. The legislative management means for the reduction of inflow of nutrients into the water system is to strengthen and adjust the standards of discharge of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the regions adopted from 1996 for the final treatment system. To expect there duction effect of nutrients caused by the livestock and night soils waste water, the studies on the reinforcement and the methods of management of the range of the targets of livestock restrictions are required. As mentioned above, the total management of society, the legislative means, the adoption of removal processes for nitrogen and phosphorus and the development of technologies must be accomplished concurrently.restrictio

    ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์ดํ™˜ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋„ ๋ถ„์„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™์ „๊ณต,2001.Maste

    ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์„œ์–‘ํ™”๊ณผ, 2012. 2. ๊น€์ถ˜์ˆ˜.๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋ผ ํ•จ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ๋œป๋ฐ–์˜ ์ผ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „์  ์ •์˜ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”, ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ง€์นญํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ์˜๋ฏธํ™”๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ๊ณผ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚˜์˜ ์˜์‹์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์ƒ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ƒ์ด๋ž€ ๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ์—ฐ์†์ด๊ธฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์†์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ๊ณ ์ •์ ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„์‹ค ์† ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์ธ์‹์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๊ฐ๊ฐํ•œ ์กด์žฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋” ์ต์ˆ™ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ƒ, ํ˜„์‹ค ์†์—์„œ ๋‚ฏ์„ค์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ƒ์†Œํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์€ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์ƒ์ƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์ผ์ƒ ์† ๊ณ ์ •์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹์˜ ํ‹€ ์†์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์˜ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์žŠํ˜€์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์˜์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ์ด๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ํ™˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์˜ ์ž‘์—…์—์„œ ์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ผํšŒ์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์šฐ์—ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ํ•ด์„๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ํ–‰์œ„์ด๋‹ค. ๋งค์ผ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ˆ˜์—๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์• ์ •์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ , ์„œ์šธ ์™ธ๊ณฝ ๋™๋„ค์˜ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์  ํ’๊ฒฝ์„ ๋น„์ผ์ƒ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•œ , ํฌ๋ง์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ถ”์ƒ์  ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค ์†์— ๋งŽ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚˜์˜ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ์ž‘์—…๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์žฌํ˜„๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ก์˜ ์ถ•์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ ๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ ์ธ(performativity) ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ก์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ก์€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ช…์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์˜๋„์ ์ธ ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ฐ์ถœ๋œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ˜•์‹์  ์š”์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๋งค์ฒด๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์‚ฌ์ง„๋งค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๊ธฐ๋ก์˜ ๋ช…์ฆ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€ํ‘œ์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ณด์กฐ์  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ์จ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์€ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”์— ์žˆ์–ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ก์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋งค์ฒด์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋งค์ฒด์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์— ๋‚ด๋Ÿฌํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์ , ํ—ˆ๊ตฌ์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ •์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ์‹ค์ œ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ํ™˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.I am interested in the process of trivial personal experiences changing into events. What I mean by events is not its dictionary definition of something that arouses social problems, is notable, and unexpected. Rather, it refers to a transformative process of ordinary and common things that are easy to lose sight changing into something very important and meaningful to me at a certain moment. Signifying the experiences started from my conscious question and imagination on daily life and reality. Because repetitive life continues in our daily life, the reality we face within the life is fixed. Repetitive experience and perception on the subject in reality may lead us to be an insensitive being. But at times, we discover unfamiliarity in our daily lives and reality that we are so accustomed to. And this strange sentiment has a power to leave us a possibility to question and imagine our perspective of looking at the reality. My work is a process of discovering and revealing what has been forgotten or unaware of through individual imagination and act of faith within the frame of fixed perception in daily life. Looking at things consciously in my work is not a one-off or coincidental experience but rather an act of subjective interpretation and expression through repetitive experiences. My purposes are reflected in the following chapters: , which I intended to discover the interest and love for street trees I see every day passing by; , which interprets unnoted daily sceneries of Seoul suburbs in a non-daily perspective; and , which I intended to look whether an abstract word, hope, exists in our reality compared to its frequent use. In the perspective of accumulation of experiences and records, rather than in that of reproduction of subject and result of expressions, my work is process-focused, performative, and it is carried out in a subjective record in the process of visualizing the experiences. Recording is an important formal factor in the process because it simultaneously reveals the fact itself and the situation choreographed according to intentional choices and the way of distribution. Especially, photographs are chosen as a primary source in the process because it is very effective in the visualizing process and in the perspective of seeing it as a recording device with its acuteness as a proof of recording and its characteristic of being as an index and ancillary means to recall memories. Along with the photographs, using the text provides narrative and fictional characteristics to an image by leading the photographs to stray from its objective characteristic of recording medium. Also, a certain time period and space that I experience in this process is a scope of reality, which leads us to take notice of the present and to expect the effect of awakening the reality.Maste

    (A)Study on the Park Chong-Hong`s philosophical thought

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ์„œ์–‘์ฒ ํ•™์ „๊ณต,2004.Docto

    (A) review of urinary tract pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility over a 10 years period

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    ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์š”๋กœ๊ฐ์—ผ์ฆ์€ ์ธ์ฒด์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ์ฆ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธํ™‰๊ธฐ๊ฐ์—ผ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์œผ๋‚˜ ํ”ํžˆ ์†Œํ™€ํžˆ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์—๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ €์ž๋Š” 5๋…„์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋กœ 1971๋…„, 1976๋…„ ๋ฐ 1981๋…„์— ์„ธ๋ธŒ๋ž€์Šค๋ณ‘์›์— ์ž…์› ๋ฐ ์™ธ๋ž˜ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ์š”๋ฐฐ์–‘๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์— ์–‘์„ฑ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์š”ํŽ€๊ฐ์—ผ์ฆ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ๊ท ๊ณผ ์ด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์˜ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ต๊ฒ€ํ†  ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์š”๋ฐฐ์–‘ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์— ์–‘์„ฑ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” 1971๋…„์— ์ด571 ๋ก€ (๋‚จ: 211,์—ฌ : 360) 1976๋…„์—๋Š” ์ด 647 ๋ก€ (๋‚จ: 265, ์—ฌ: 382), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1981๋…„์—๋Š” ์ด 1,280 ๋ก€ (๋‚จ: 471, ์—ฌ: 809 )๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋‚จ๋…€์˜ ๋น„๋Š” ์„ธํ•ด ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ 1 : 1.4 โˆผ 1 : 1.7์ •๋„๋กœ ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ˜ธ๋ฐœ์—ฐ๋ น๊ตฐ์€ 20 โˆผ 49์„ธ์˜€๋‹ค. 2 .์š”๋กœ๊ฐ์—ผ์ฆ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ๊ท ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์„ธํ•ด ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋žŒ์Œ์„ฑ๊ท ์ด 85% ์ •๋„์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ์ค‘ E. coli๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 3 . ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๊ฐ์—ผ์œจ์€ 1971๋…„์— 10.5% , 1976๋…„์— 15.1%, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1981๋…„์— 11.8%๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4. ๊ทธ๋žŒ์Œ์„ฑ๊ท ์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์€ E. coil ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” 1971๋…„์—๋Š” kanamycin๊ณผ neomycin์—, 1976๋…„์—๋Š” gentamicin ๊ณผ colistins, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1981๋…„์—๋Š” amikacin๊ณผ gentamicin์— ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ampicllin์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ๋Š” 1971๋…„์— 46,3%์—์„œ 19 81๋…„์— 21.7%๋กœ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Pseudoaonas๋Š” ์„ธํ•ด ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ colistin์— ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ทธ๋žŒ์Œ์„ฑ๊ท ์€ 1981๋…„์— amikacin์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 90% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋‚˜ citrobacter, acinetobacter, serratia ๋“ฑ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 5 .๊ทธ๋žŒ์–‘์„ฑ๊ท ์ค‘ enterococcus๋Š” ์„ธํ•ด ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ Penicillin์— 80% ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ staphylococcus์™€ streptococcus๋Š” cephalothin์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] In patients with urinary tract infections, institution of specific therapy should be preceded by careful examination of the urine and quantitative bacteriology from properly collected urine specimens. A clinical study on patients with urinary tract infections was done for observation of the changing trend in causative organisms and their antibiotic susceptibility at Yonsei Medical Center for the years 1971, 1976 and 1981. The following results were obtained: 1) In 1971, 571 patients (male: 211, female: 360) with urinary tract infection and in 1976, 647 patient (male: 265,female: 382) and in 1981, 1280 patients (male: 471, female:809) were observed. The ratio of males to females was 1:1.4 - 1.7 and the majority of the cases (60%) seen in all three sample years occured in patients acted 20-49. 2) In 1971 the most common pathogens were E. coli, enter-obacter and pseudomonas in that order. For 1976 the most common Pathogens were E. coli, klebsiella and pseudomonas in that order. For 1981 the most common pathogens were E. COLI, klebsiella and pseudomonas in that order. E. coli was the causative organism in 60% of the infections that occured in the female patients, but only 25% of three infections that occurred in male patients in all three sample years. 3) The incidence of mixed urinary tract infections was 10.5% in 1971, 15.1% in 1976 and 11 8% in 1981. 4) The susceptibility rates of E. coli were 87.6% to kanamycin and 88.6% to neomycin in 1971 and 93.1% to gentamicin and 85.7% to colistin in 1976 and 92.2% to gentamicin and 98.2% to amikacin in 1981. The susceptibility rate of pseudomonas was 79.5% to colistin in 1971 and 88.7% in 1976 and 63.8% in 1981. Citrobacter, klebsiella, enterobacter and proteus were usually resistant to ampicillin and susceptible to amikacin in 1981. Serratia and acinetobacter were usually resistant to most antibiotics. 5) The susceptibility rate of enterococcus was more than 80% to penicillin in 1971, 1976 and 1981. Staphylococcus and streptococcus were usually resistant to penicillin and susceptible to cephalothin.restrictio
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