46 research outputs found
A Study on the Language and Script of Authorized Access Points Representing Multilingual Works
Suggestions on the Revision of Korean Cataloging Rules for Personal Name Authority Records and Authorized Access Point
Nitrosative stress μ λν PC12 μΈν¬μ λ°©μ΄κΈ°μ μ°κ΅¬
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ(λ°μ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μ½νκ³Ό,2007.Docto
ννμ ν©μ±μ μν ν©νμ΄λ μμ΄ νΌν©λ¬Όμ μ΄μ©ν Graves' μhe Peptide Sequences Which Ingibit the Action of Graves' Autoantibodies from Synthetic Peptide Library
Maste
Investigation of the maternal phenotype character and onset of gestational diabetes mellitus.
μν λ° κ±΄κ°μ¦μ§νκ³Ό/μμ¬[νκΈ]
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ 1960λ
μ΄ν μΆμν μ°λͺ¨μ κ²½μ° κ²½μ μ μλ μ¦κ° λ±μΌλ‘ μμ°λΆμ μ μ₯κ³Ό BMI(Body mass index)κ° λ³ν λ κ²μ λ°λ₯Έ μμ μ± λΉλ¨λ³μ λ°νλΉμ¨μ μ‘°μ¬νκ³ μ°κ΄μ±μ λΆμνμ¬ μλ£λ₯Ό μ μν¨μΌλ‘μ μμ μ± λΉλ¨λ³μ κ΄λ¦¬μ μλ°©μ λμμ μ£Όκ³ μ νλ€.
μ‘°μ¬λμμ 1998λ
μμ 2000λ
κΉμ§ μμ μ± λΉλ¨λ³μ μ λ³κ²μ¬(50g λ³΅μ© ν 1μκ°νμ νλΉμΈ‘μ μΉ, μ μμΉ:130γ/γμ΄ν) ν λΆλ§ν μμ°λΆ 1862λͺ
μ λμμΌλ‘ μ‘°μ¬νμλ€. λΆμμ μ¬μ©λ λ°μ΄νλ νμκ΅°(73λͺ
)κ³Ό λμ‘°κ΅°(675λͺ
)μ μ΄μ©νμ¬ κ΄λ ¨μμΈμ μμλ³΄κ³ μ λΆ
μ°λΆμκ³Ό λ€λ³λ λΆμμ μ€μνμλ€.
μ‘°μ¬λ΄μ©μμ μ’
μλ³μλ νμκ΅°μΌλ‘ νμμΌλ©°, λ
립λ³μλ μ°λͺ¨μ μ μ₯μΌλ‘ νμκ³ κ·Έ μΈμ νΌλλ³μ λ±μΌλ‘λ μ°λͺ¨μ BMI(μμ μ ), 체μ€μ¦κ°, μ°λ Ή λ° μ μ λ ₯μΌλ‘ κ΄λ ¨λ λ³μλ€μ 보μ ν΄ μ£Όμλ€. κ° λ³μμ λ°λΌ κΈ°μ μ ν΅κ³λ₯Ό ꡬνμ¬ μ°κ΅¬λμμ λμ‘°κ΅°κ³Ό νμκ΅°
μΌλ‘ λλμ΄ λΆμνμμΌλ©°, ν΅κ³λ SAS νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ μ¬μ©νμλ€.
κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 보면, νμκ΅°κ³Ό κ° λ³μλ€μ λ€λ³λλΆμν κ²°κ³Ό μ°λ Ή(p<0.05), BMI(p<0.001), 체μ€μ¦κ°(p<0.001) λ° μ μ λ ₯(p<0.001) λ±μ΄ μ μνκ² λμμΌλ©°, μ°λͺ¨μ μ μ₯μ λ¨μλ³(λͺ
λͺ©λ³μ: 158γμ΄μ, 158γλ―Έλ§)μμ
κ³Ό μ°μνμΌλ‘ ν΅κ³μμ
μ νμΌλ νμκ΅°μ μ μν λ³
μλ‘λ μ μ©λμ§ λͺ»νλ€. κ·Έ λ°μ μ°λͺ¨μ μ μ₯ μΈμ λ³μλ‘ μ°λ Ήμμλ λμ΄κ° λ§μμλ‘ μμ μ± λΉλ¨λ³μ μ λ³λ₯ (λΉμ°¨λΉ: 1.1)μ΄ λμ κ²μΌλ‘ μ‘°μ¬λμμΌλ©° λν μ°λͺ¨μ BMIμμλ μμ μ μ μ°λͺ¨κ° λΉλ§ν μλ‘ μ λ³λ₯ (λΉμ°¨λΉ: 1.141)μ΄ λκ² λμλ€. μ°λͺ¨μ μΉλΆλͺ¨κ°
λΉλ¨λ³νμμΈ κ²½μ°λ μμ μ± λΉλ¨λ³μμλ μΌλ°λΉλ¨λ³κ³Ό λ§μ°¬κ°μ§λ‘ λμ μ λ³λ₯ (λΉμ°¨λΉ:3.175)μ λνλ΄μλ€. νμ§λ§ 체μ€μ¦κ°μμλ μ°λͺ¨μ 체μ€λ³λ μ°¨μ΄κ° μ μμλ‘ μμ μ± λΉλ¨λ³μ μ λ³λ₯ (λΉμ°¨λΉ: 0.855)μ΄ μ»€μ§λ κ²μΌλ‘ μ‘°μ¬λμλ€. μ΄λ° νμμ μ°λͺ¨κ° Oral GTT(glucose tolerance test, 2μ°¨ λΉλ¨κ²μ¬) ν μμ μ± λΉλ¨λ³μΌλ‘ νμ μ λ°κ²λλ©΄ μμ΄μλ² λ±μΌλ‘ κ΄λ¦¬κ° λκΈ° λλ¬ΈμΌλ‘ μκ°λλ€.
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ μ°λͺ¨μ κ²°κ³Όλ§μ λ€λ£¨μμΌλ μ΄λ₯Ό λ°νμΌλ‘ 1960λ
μ΄νμ μΆμν μ°λͺ¨μκ²μ νμ΄λ μλ
λ€μ λν λΉλ¨λ³μ μ λ³μ¨κ³Ό μ ν λ±μ μ°κ΅¬κ° μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ ΈμΌ νλ©°, λν 1980λ
λ μ΄νμ μ°λͺ¨λ€μ λν μ°κ΅¬λ λ³νλμ΄μΌ ν κ²μ΄λ€.
[μλ¬Έ]
The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between phenotypic characteristics including the stature and the change of body mass index(BMI) and the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Korean women. The study included a total of 1862 pregnant women who were screened for GDM at the Pundang CHA hospital from 1998 to 2000. Twenty-nine pregnant women known to have diabetes mellitus, and 122 women who were not confirmed for GDM were excluded in statistical analysis. Data were extracted from hospital information system (HIS) and analyzed by ANOVA. The effect of phenotypic characteristics on the prevalence of GDM was evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis.
Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age (p<0.05), BMI (p<0.001), weight gain (p<0.001), and genetic factor (p<0.001) were significantly associated with the prevalence of GDM. However, maternal height was not statistically
significant When it was anaiysed as a continuous or discrete variable.
The odds ratio for GDM according to age and BMI were 1.1 and 1.141 respectively. Furthermore, women with GDM were older and heavier than the normal oral glucose tolerance test group. The pregnant women with parental history of diabetes mellitus
had the higher prevalence of GDM. This finding is very similar to the other previous studies. We revailed that odds ratio was 3.175. However, weight gain of pregnant women was inversely related with the prevalence of GDM. We suspected that the pregnant women with GDM might put themselves on restricted diets during the pregnant period after the confirm test.
In conclusion, short stature appears to be not associated with GDM in Korean women born after 1960.ope
λ€λμ±λμμ¦νκ΅° νμ μκΆλ΄λ§μΈν¬μ μΈμλ¦° μ νΈμ λ¬κ³ λ° λΉμ λ¬μ²΄ μ‘°μ μ κ΄ν μ°κ΅¬
Objective: Subfertility associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) mainly originates from oligo/anovulation; however, factors related to blastocyst implantation and maintenance of pregnancy may also contribute. Although roles for insulin resistance and androgen excess have been suggested in the pathogenesis of PCOS-associated implantation failure, a comprehensive investigation of the consequences of PCOS on endometrial homeostasis and pathophysiology has not been performed. In this study, I investigated whether insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in the endometria of patients with PCOS are intrinsically altered. I also examined whether hyperandrogenic milieu affect glucose metabolism and the global gene expression patterns in cultured human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs), and studied the influence of hyperandrogenic conditions on facilitated glucose transporters (GLUTs) expression during in vitro decidualization of hESCs. Design: Experimental study involved the use of human endometrial tissues and a human endometrial cell line. Materials and Methods: Seven healthy women with regular menstrual cycles and 16 patients with PCOS were recruited for this study. Endometrial samples were obtained from the corpus of the uteri under sterile conditions. Control endometria were biopsied in the early proliferative phase, due to morphological and physiological similarities to those of patients with PCOS. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time RT-PCR, and western blot analysis were performed to examine the levels of proteins involved in insulin signaling and glucose metabolism. To mimic hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia in patients with PCOS in vitro, hESCs were treated with 1, 10, or 100 ΞΌM dihydrotestosterone (DHT) for 3 to 9 days and 10 nM insulin for 8 hours, respectively. In vitro decidualization was induced in hESCs by culture with 0.5 mM cAMP and 1 ΞΌM medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate for 1 to 9 days. Messenger RNA (mRNA) microarray experiments were performed with hESCs treated with 10 ΞΌM DHT, and data were analyzed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Results: In the endometria of patients with PCOS, GLUT1, GLUT12, insulin receptor (IR), and insulin receptor substrate (IRS) levels were significantly increased. However, no differences in expression were observed between the endometria of obese and lean patients with PCOS. Notably, GLUT4 mRNA was not detected in the endometria of patients with PCOS nor control subjects. Levels of phosphorylated IRS1 (p-IRS1) and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) were up-regulated in the lysates of both insulin- and androgen-treated hESCs. In addition, DHT treatment up-regulated the levels of GLUT1 and GLUT12 in cultured hESCs, suggesting that hyperandrogenic conditions affect glucose transport and/or metabolism. This notion was supported by mRNA microarray experiments, which further demonstrated that glucose transport and/or metabolism was dysregulated in hESCs by DHT treatment. During in vitro decidualization, the expression levels of GLUT1, 8, and 12 gradually increased. Of note, protein and mRNA levels of GLUT1 and 12 were decreased when decidualizing hESCs were treated with DHT, although these changes were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Hyperandrogenic milieu up-regulated the adaptor protein of insulin signaling as well as GLUTs in the endometria of patients with PCOS. Messenger RNA microarray experiments revealed androgen-induced dysregulation of glucose transport and/or metabolism in human endometrium. During decidualization, hyperandrogenic conditions down-regulated the expression of GLUTs, possibly causing impaired uterine receptivity.openλ°
Factors associated with inspection rate of breast canser by women in korea using multi-level analysis : the fourth Korea national health and nutrition examination survey 2007-2008 (KNHANES IV)
μν건κ°μ¦μ§νκ³Ό/μμ¬λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ κ΅λ―Όκ±΄κ°μμμ‘°μ¬ μ 4κΈ° 1μ°¨λ
λ(2007λ
)μ 2μ°¨λ
λ(2008λ
)λ₯Ό μ€μ¬μΌλ‘ λ§ 30μΈ μ΄μμ μ¬μ±μ λμμΌλ‘ νμ¬, λ€μμ€ λΆμ(multilevel analysis)μ μ΄μ©ν΄ μ§μ νκ²½μ μμΈμ΄ μ λ°©μ μκ²λ₯ μ λ―ΈμΉλ μν₯μ λΆμνκ³ μ μνλμλ€. μ΄ 14,338λͺ
μ μ 체 λμμ μ€ μ°κ΅¬μ λͺ©μ μ μΆ©μ‘±νλ 4,143λͺ
μ λΆμλμμΌλ‘ ν κ²°κ³Ό νκ΅ μ¬μ±μ μ λ°©μ μκ²λ₯ μ 62.1%μλ€. μ νμ°κ΅¬μμ μ λ°©μ λ°μλ₯ μ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉλ μμΈμΌλ‘ μλ €μ§ κ°μΈ νΉμ±μ λ³μλ€μ λ
립λ³μλ‘, μ§μμ λ³λν¨κ³Ό(random effect)λ‘ νμ¬ λ€μμ€ λ‘μ§μ€ν± νκ·λΆμμ μ€μν κ²°κ³Ό, νκ²½κΈ° μ°λ Ήμ κ°κΉμΈμλ‘, μλμμ€μ΄ λμμλ‘, μλ£λ³΄νΈμμΌμλ‘, λ§μ±μ§νμ΄ λ§μμλ‘, νμ μ€νΈλ μ€λ₯Ό μ‘°κΈ λλμλ‘, νκ²½μ νκ±°λ μκΆμ μ μ μ νμμλ‘, 골λ€κ³΅μ¦μ΄ μμμλ‘, κ°μμ μ₯μ κ° μμμλ‘, μκΆκ²½λΆμ κ²μ§μ νμμλ‘, μ¬μ±νΈλ₯΄λͺ¬μ λ₯Ό 볡μ©ν μλ‘ μ λ°©μ μκ²λ₯ μ΄ λμ κ²μΌλ‘ λνλ¬λ€. μ§μ νκ²½μ μμΈμ μ λ°©μ μκ²λ₯ μ μν₯λ ₯μ΄ ν΄ κ²μΌλ‘ μμλλ 262κ° μ§μλ³ νλͺ© 5κ°(μ λ°© μ
μ± μ μλ¬Όλ‘ μΈν μ¬μ±μ μλ§λͺ
λΉ μ°λ Ήνμ€ν μ¬λ§λ₯ , μΌλ°νκ³ μ€ λ³΅μ§μμ°(μ¬ν보μ₯) λΉμ€, μλμ°¨ 보μ λμλ³ κ°κ΅¬ μ, μ 방촬μμ₯μΉ νν©, μμκΈ°κ΄ κΈ°κ΄ μ)λ₯Ό μμ§νμ¬ λΆμνμλ€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό μΌλ°νκ³ μ€ λ³΅μ§μμ°(μ¬ν보μ₯) λΉμ€(λ¨μ 10%λΉ)[aOR 0.991, 95% CI: 0.983-0.998]μ΄ μ§μλ³ μ λ°©μ μκ²λ₯ μ μ°¨μ΄μ ν΅κ³νμ μΌλ‘ κ΄λ ¨μ±μ΄ μλ κ²μΌλ‘ λΆμλμλ€. ν΅μ λ³μλ₯Ό ν¬ν¨νμ§ μμ κΈ°μ΄λͺ¨νμ μ λ°©μ μκ²λ₯ μ μ§μ κ° λΆμ°μ 0.061μ΄κ³ , κ°μΈμμ€λ³μλ§μ μ μ©νμ λ μ§μ κ° μ λ°©μ μκ²λ₯ μ λΆμ°μ 0.034μ΄μλ€. λΆμ°μ λ³νμ¨μ 44.26%λ‘μ, κ°μΈμμ€λ³μκ° μ§μ κ° μ λ°©μ μκ²λ₯ μ λΆμ°μ 44.26% μ λ μ€λͺ
νλ€κ³ ν μ μλ€. λν κ°μΈλ³μμ μ§μλ³μλ₯Ό ν¨κ» μ μ©νμ λ μ§μ κ° μ λ°©μ μκ²λ₯ μ λΆμ°μ 0.023μ΄λ€. λΆμ°μ λ³νμ¨μ 62.30%λ‘μ, μ§μμμ€λ³μ 3κ°μ§κ° μ§μ κ° μ λ°©μ μκ²λ₯ μ λΆμ°μ 62.30-44.26=18.04% μ λ μΆκ°λ‘ μ€λͺ
νλ€κ³ ν μ μλ€. λ°λΌμ κ°μΈμ μμΈ μ΄μΈμ μ§μ νκ²½μ μμΈ μ¦, μ§λ¨μ΄λΌλ λ§₯λ½μ μμΈμ΄ λμΌ μ§μμ νΉμ±μ 곡μ ν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ μ λ°©μ μκ²λ₯ μ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉλ κ²μΌλ‘ λνλ¬λ€. μ΄λ₯Ό ν λλ‘ μΆν μ λ°©μ μκ²λ₯ μ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉλ μμΈμ κ·λͺ
νλ μ°κ΅¬μμλ μ§μ νκ²½μ μμΈλ€λ μ€μνλ―λ‘ μ΄μ λν κ³ λ €κ° νμνλ€.ope
A study on the DNA polymorphisms at Ξ²fibrinogen loci and plasma fibrinogen concentration
보건νκ³Ό/λ°μ¬[νκΈ]
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ νκ΅μΈλ€μ νμ₯ μ¬μ μμ λλμ μ¬μ μμ μ μ μ λ€νμ±κ³Όμ κ΄λ ¨μ±μ μ±λ³, μ°λ Ή, ν‘μ°μ¬λΆ λ±μ λ°λΌ λΆμνμλ€. μ°κ΅¬λμμ 1996λ
11μλΆν° 1997λ
2μ μ¬μ΄μ μ°μΈμλ λΆμ μλμΈλΈλμ€λ³μ 건κ°κ²μ§ μΌν°μ λ΄μνμ¬ κ²μ§μ λ°μ 109λͺ
μ΄μλ€. μ΄λ€μ λμμΌλ‘ μ±λ³, μ°λ Ή, ν‘μ°μ¬λΆ λ±μ μ‘°μ¬νμκ³ , μ±νν νμ‘μΌλ‘ νμ₯ μ¬μ μμ λλλ₯Ό μΈ‘μ ν ν λ°±νꡬμμ DNAλ₯Ό μΆμΆνμλ€. Ξ²μ¬μ μμμ μ¬μ μμ μ μ μ λ€νμ± λΆμμ μνμ¬Haeβ
’, Mntβ
, Aluβ
, Bclβ
μ νν¨μλ₯Ό μ¬μ©νμλ€. μ μ μνμ λΆλ₯λ Haeβ
’,Mnlβ
, Aluβ
μ νν¨μλ₯Ό μ¬μ©νμ¬ μ λ¨λ κ²½μ°λ₯Ό 1ν, μ λ¨λμ§ μμ κ²½μ°λ₯Ό2νμΌλ‘ νμκ³ , Bclβ
μ νν¨μμμλ μ λ¨λμ§ μμ κ²½μ°λ₯Ό 1ν, μ λ¨λ κ²½μ°λ₯Ό 2νμ΄λΌ μ νμλ€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό, μ νν¨μ μ λ¨κΈΈμ΄ λ€νμ± μ‘°μ¬μμλ λ€κ²½μ° λͺ¨λ λμ’
μ ν©μ²΄μΈ 1,1 μ μ μν( H^^1 H^^1, M^^1 M^^1, A^^1 A^^1, B^^1 B^^1ν )κ³Ό μ΄νμ ν©μ²΄μΈ 1,2 μ μ μν( H^^1 H^^2, M^^1 M^^2, A^^1 A^^2, B^^1 B^^2ν )λ§μ΄ κ΄μ°°λμλ€. λν νμ₯μ¬μ μμ μΈ‘μ κ²°κ³Όμ μ¬μ μμ μ μ μ λ€νμ±μ μ±λ³, μ°λ Ή, ν‘μ°μ¬λΆ λ±κ³Ό μ°κ΄νμ¬ tκ²μ μΌλ‘ λΆμν κ²°κ³Ό, 1) μ±λ³μ λ°λ₯Έ μ¬μ μμ λλμ μ μν μ°¨μ΄κ° μμκ³ , 2) μ°λ Ήλ³λ‘λ 50μΈ μ΄μμ μ°λ Ήκ΅°μ΄ 49μΈ μ΄νμ μ°λ Ήκ΅°λ³΄λ€ μ¬μ μμ λλκ° μ μνκ² λμμΌλ©°, 3) μ 체 μ°κ΅¬λμμ ν‘μ°μ¬λΆμ λ°λΌ λλμ΄ λ³΄μμ λ μ¬μ μμ νκ· λλμ μ μν μ°¨μ΄κ° μμλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ μ±λ³λ‘ λλμ΄ λ³΄μμ λ λ¨μκ΅°μμλ μ°λ Ήκ³Ό κ΄κ³μμ΄ ν‘μ°μκ° λΉν‘μ°μμ λΉν΄ μ¬μ μμ λλκ° μ μνκ² λμλ€
μ μ μνκ³Ό κ΄λ ¨νμ¬μλ Haeβ
’, Mnlβ
, Aluβ
λ€νμ±μ H^^1 H^^1, M^^1 M^^1. A^^1 A^^1 μ μ μνλ³΄λ€ H^^1 H^^2, M^^1 M^^2, A^^1 A^^2 μ μ μνμ΄ μ¬μ μμ λλ μ¦κ°μ μ μν κ΄λ ¨μ±μ΄ μλ κ²μΌλ‘ λνλ¬λ€. λ°λ©΄, Bclβ
λ€νμ±μ B^^1 B^^1, B^^l B^^2 μ μ μνμ λͺ¨λκ΄λ ¨μ±μ΄ μλ κ²μΌλ‘ λνλ¬λ€. λμΌν μ μ μν λ΄μμ μ±λ³μ λ°λ₯Έ μ¬μ μμ νκ· λλλ ν΅κ³μ μΌλ‘ μ μν μ°¨μ΄λ₯Ό κ΄μ°°ν μ μμλ€. ννΈ μ°λ Ήλ³ λΆλ₯μμλ 50μΈ μ΄μμ μ°λ Ήκ΅°μμ H^^1 H^^2, M^^1 M^^2, A^^1 A^^2 μ μ μνμ μ¬μ μμ λλκ° μ μνκ² λμλ€. λν ν‘μ°κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨νμ¬μλ 50μΈ μ΄μμ μ°λ Ήκ΅°μμH^^1 H^^2, M^^1 M^^2. A^^1 A^^2 μ μ μνμ μ¬μ μμ λλκ° μ μνκ² λμλ€.
μ΄μμ μ°κ΅¬κ²°κ³Όμμ μΌλΆ νκ΅μΈμ μ¬μ μμ μ μ μνμ νμ₯ μ¬μ μμλλμ μ μν κ΄λ ¨μ΄ μμμ μ μ μμκ³ , νΉν 50μΈ μ΄μ μ°λ Ήκ΅°μ κ²½μ° μ μ μνκ³Ό ν‘μ°μ¬λΆμ λ°λΌ μ¬μ μμ λλκ° μ μν μμΉμ λνλ΄κ³ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ, μ¬νκ΄κ³ μ§ν λ°μμνμ μλμ μΌλ‘ μμΈ‘ν μ μλ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ μμμ νμΈνμλ€. μμΌλ‘ λ³΄λ€ λ§μ μλ₯Ό λμμΌλ‘ μ μ μνκ³Ό μ¬μ μμ λλμκ΄λ ¨μ±μ κ΄ν λ€κ°μ μΈ μΈ‘λ©΄μ μ°κ΅¬κ° μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ ΈμΌ ν κ²μ΄λ©°, μμμ μ΄μ©μ±μ κ΄ν μ°κ΅¬κ° κ³μλμ΄μΌ ν κ²μΌλ‘ μ¬λ£λλ€.
[μλ¬Έ]
Many prospective studies have now confirmed the predictive value of plasma fibrinogen levels for vascular diseases, including ischemic heart disease. Several polymorphisms of the Ξ²fibrinogen gene including Haeβ
’ polymorphism in the promotor region of the gene and Bclβ
polymorphism in its downstream region have been
investigated in relation to plasma fibrinogen levels.
But, studies of the possible associations between these polymorphisms and plasma fibrinogen concentrations in the Korean population have not been carried out.
For this study, the blood samples for DNA were collected from 109 healthy Koreans who have no relationship by blood(67 males and 42 females) in due consideration of some other factors such as gender, age, and smoking status. Four polymorphisms of the Ξ²fibrinogen gene that consist of Haeβ
’, Aluβ
, Mnlβ
, and Bclβ
restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were investigated to examine the associations between RFLPs and plasma fibrinogen levels. The investigation into the RFLPs were made by polymerase chain reaction and enzyme digestion. The alleles with the restriction site and the non-cleavable alleles were designated H^^1 and H^^2 for the Haeβ
’ polymorphism, M^^l and M^^2 for Mnlβ
Polymorphism, A^^l and A^^2 for the Aluβ
polymorphism, and B^^2 and B^^l for the Bclβ
polymorphism, respectively.
The results were as follows:
1. Genotype H1H1 and H1H2 in Haeβ
’ RFLPs were detected from 69(61.5%) and 40(38.5%) persons among the above 109 control subjects respectively. Genotype M^^1 M^^1 and M^^1 M^^2 in Mnlβ
RFLPs from 70(64.2%) and 39(35.8%) persons respectively. Genotype A^^1 A^^1 and A^^1 A^^2 in Aluβ
RFLPs from 69(61.5%) and 40(36.7%) persons respectively.
Among 95 control subjects, genotype B^^1 B^^1 and B^^1 B^^2 in Bclβ
RFLPs were shown in 70(73.7%) and 25(26.3%) persons respectively. The Haeβ
’, Aluβ
, Mnlβ
RFLPs were in tight linkage disequilibrium, while Bclβ
RFLPs not being in it. 2. The significant associations between Haeβ
’, Aluβ
, Mnlβ
RFLPs(H^^1 H^^2, M^^1 M^^2, A^^1 A^^2) and plasma fibrinogen were ascertained in both aged people(β₯ 50 years) and smokers, whereas the associations between Bclβ
RFLPs and plasma fibrinogen were absent showing no connection with age or smoking status.
3. Plasma fibrinogen concentrations were significantly higher in the old ages(β₯ 50 years) than in the younger ages(β€ 49 years) in male, and also higher in smokers than in nonsmokers.
In conclusion, genetic polymorphisms(H^^1 H^^1, M^^1 M^^2, A^^1 A^^2) of the Ξ²fibrinogen gene are associated and increased with plasma fibrinogen levels, especially in aged people and in smokers. These findings suggest that variation at the fibrinogen gene locus may contribute to the differences in plasma fibrinogen
level. Considering that plasma fibrinogen is a risk factor for ischemic heart disease, stroke and peripheral arterial disease, it seems to be certain that these genotype polymorphisms have the predictive values for these vascular diseases in Koreans. Further studies to confirm this possibility are highly expected,restrictio