94 research outputs found

    ์ค‘์ฆ์—ด์„ฑํ˜ˆ์†ŒํŒ๊ฐ์†Œ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”๋น„๋ฆฐ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํšจ๋Šฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2015. 2. ์˜ค๋ช…๋ˆ.Introduction: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel Bunyavirus called SFTS virus (SFTSV). No effective antiviral therapy is available yet, but ribavirin (RBV) was used for patients with SFTS. We investigated the antiviral effect of RBV against SFTSV in vitro. Methods: To test for cytotoxicity of RBV, Vero cells were treated with different concentrations of RBV (0 - 500 ฮผg/mL, in serial two-fold dilutions) and analyzed by cell viability MTS assay. To determine antiviral activity of RBV against SFTSV, Vero cells were infected with SFTSV strain Gangwon/Korea/2012 at 100 tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) per well in a 96-well plate, and RBV was added at non-cytotoxic concentrations. The antiviral activity of RBV was determined by the observation of cytopathic effects by SFTSV-infected Vero cells and the measurement of viral RNA titers in culture supernatants using one-step real-time reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction to amplify the partial large segment of SFTSV. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA with Tukeys post hoc test. Results: Cytotoxicity due to RBV was not detected for RBV at concentrations โ‰ค 31.3 ฮผg/mL. Viral RNAs at 24 h post-RBV treatment were reduced by administration of increasing RBV concentrations (1 - 32 ฮผg/mL), compared with those of mock-treated cells (P < 0.01). RBV reduced SFTSV titers and cytopathic effects in a dose-dependent manner, with half maximal inhibitory concentrations of 3.69 to 8.72 ฮผg/mL. Conclusion: Our study shows that RBV has in vitro antiviral effect against SFTSV in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the clinical efficacy of RBV in SFTS.Abstract i Contents iv Introduction 1 Methods 3 Results 7 Discussion 15 References 18 Abstract (Korean) 22Maste

    A Study on Economic Determinants of Social Welfare Expenditure of Local Autonomous Entity

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    The purpose of this thesis is to analyze economic determinants of social welfare expenditure of local autonomous entity and to suggest implications about social welfare expenditure policy focusing on the autonomous districts in Busan Metropolitan City. Specifically, the thesis establishes hypothesis as well as model about the determinants. And it tries empirical test using regression analysis with panel data of the autonomous districts in Busan Metropolitan City about time period of 2008โˆผ2015. The thesis tries to consider heterogeneity of each autonomous district of Busan Metropolitan City. Thus the regression analysis include Fixed Effect Model, Random Effects Model etc. as well as Pooled OLS and Pooled GLS which precedent researches used. The thesis establishes hypothesis about determinants of social welfare expenditure categorizing factors such that population factor, economic factor, and fiscal factors. The results of this empirical analysis supports the research hypothesis about aged population, the area of retail shop, financial independence rate, and financial autonomy rate. But we don't find a statistic evidence to support the hypothesis about GRDP, population, the ground area of building permission, the number of manufacturing entity, manufacturing sales, the local tax amount and number of car registration. Meanwhile, the results can't support the hypothesis about the value of and the number of service entity. Our empirical results are summarized as followings. Firstly, The number of aged people in the Busan's autonomous local entities has some positive influences on the social expenditureof local government. The elasticities range from 0.5 to 1.6. It shows a little high elastic responses of social expenditure from the aged people's demands. , and Secondly, financial independence rates have positive influences on the social expenditure. The elasticities range from 0.15 to 0.45. This results may be closely related to the fact that the more self-sufficient entities should deliver more supports to the citizen living within their districts because of more taxes from their citizens using the socia spendings derived their governmental budgets. Thirdly, the financial autonomy rates have negative influences on the social expenditure. The elasticities range from -0.40 to -1.72. This results show the possibility that more autonomous local entities may use their resources to the activities of less priority instead of urgent social expenditures using their autonomy to attract the more citizens in their favors, which will contribute to the next public elections of the governmental officials. Fourthly, the areas of retail shops have positive influences on the social expenditure. The elasticities range from 0.05 to 0.21. This finding is compatible with the logic that the commercial activities are closely related to more demands from the more citizens. Fifthly, the number of service companies has negative influences on the social expenditure. The elasticities range from -0.30 to -0.72. This results have the meaning that metropolitan areas of Busan have faced the more serious disparity between downtown areas and suburban areas because of the aggravated income distribution. The final comment about policy implication of the research is that our empirical study confirms the economic factor as an important determinants of social welfare expenditure and suggests strategic measures to revitalize both social welfare and economy. And it also suggests that our society needs to improve the more equitable allocation of financial resources use by the local government and to keep local governments from moral hazard problems using the citizens' voting power. The weakness of the research is that it uses short time series data about 2008โˆผ2015 to constitute panel data. Thus complementary research is needed to do more thorough and comprehensive analysis.|๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ์ž์น˜๊ตฌยท๊ตฐ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์ง€์ถœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์ง€์ถœ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์  ์ถ”์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์ ยท์ •์ฑ…์  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•จ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์ง€์ถœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๊ฐ€์„ค ๋ฐ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  2008โˆผ2015๋…„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ํŒจ๋„ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ์š”์ธ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์š”์ธ, ์žฌ์ •์š”์ธ ๋“ฑ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ธ๊ตฌ์š”์ธ์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๋ น์ž์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์ˆ˜์š” ์ฆ๋Œ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์ง€์ถœ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์š”์ธ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ(GRDP), ์ œ์กฐ์—… ์‚ฌ์—…์ฒด์ˆ˜, ์ œ์กฐ์—… ์ถœํ•˜์•ก, ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—… ์‚ฌ์—…์ฒด์ˆ˜, ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋ฉด์ , ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋“ฑ๋ก๋Œ€์ˆ˜, ์œ ํ†ต์—…์ฒด ๋งค์žฅ๋ฉด์  ๋“ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์™€ ์„ธ์ˆ˜ ์ฆ๋Œ€ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์ง€์ถœ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์žฌ์ •์š”์ธ์€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ธ ์ง•์ˆ˜์•ก, ์žฌ์ •์ž๋ฆฝ๋„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์žฌ์› ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์ง€์ถœ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ ์žฌ์ •์ž์ฃผ๋„์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ง€์ž์ฒด์˜ ์ž์ฃผ์  ์žฌ์› ํ™•๋ณด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋“ฑ์— ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์ง€์ถœ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ถ”์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ž์น˜๊ตฌยท๊ตฐ์˜ ์ด์งˆ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ถ”์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์œ„๊ทผ ๊ฒ€์ •์„ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ณต์ ๋ถ„ ๊ฒ€์ •์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Œ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  8๊ฐœ์˜ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Pooled OLS, Pooled GLS, ์ผ์›๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ๋ชจํ˜•, ์ด์›๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ๋ชจํ˜•, ์ผ์›ํ™•๋ฅ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ชจํ˜•, ์ด์›ํ™•๋ฅ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ชจํ˜• ๋“ฑ์˜ 8๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ถ”์ • ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. F ๊ฒ€์ •์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 1% ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๊ท€๋ฌด๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ช…๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์ง€์ถœ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋„ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ 90%๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ๋ชจํ˜•์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์ธ๊ตฌ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์˜ ์ž์น˜๊ตฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์ง€์ถœ์— ์–‘์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฉฐ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์€ 0.5์—์„œ 1.6 ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์ง€์ถœ์— ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”์ธ๊ตฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์žฌ์ •์ž๋ฆฝ๋„๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์ง€์ถœ์— ์–‘์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์€ 0.15์—์„œ 0.45์‚ฌ์ด์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋น„๊ต์  ์™„๋งŒํ•œ ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์žฌ์ •์ž์ฃผ๋„๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์ง€์ถœ์— ์Œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์€ -0.40์—์„œ -1.72์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์€ ํƒ„๋ ฅ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์žฌ์ •์ž์ฃผ๋„๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์ง€์ถœ์— ์Œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์œ ํ†ต์—…์ฒด๋งค์žฅ๋ฉด์ ์€ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์—๋„ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์—์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ํ†ต์—…์ฒด๋งค์žฅ๋ฉด์ ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์ง€์ถœ์— ์–‘์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋‹ค. ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์€ 0.05์—์„œ 0.21์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์œ ํ†ต๋งค์žฅ๋ฉด์ ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์ง€์ถœ์— ์–‘์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—…์‚ฌ์—…์ฒด์ˆ˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์ง€์ถœ์— ์Œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ„๋ ฅ์„ฑ์€ -0.30์—์„œ -0.72 ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์€ ์Œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์‹œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž์น˜๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ธฐ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„์‹ฌ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๋†์ดŒ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฏ์งธ, ์ง€์—ญ์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ(GRDP), ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ทœ๋ชจ, ์ œ์กฐ์—…์‚ฌ์—…์ฒด์ˆ˜, ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ถœํ•˜์•ก, ๊ฑด์ถ•ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์ , ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋“ฑ๋ก๋Œ€์ˆ˜, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ธ์ง•์ˆ˜์•ก์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€์ง€์ถœ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2008โˆผ2015๋…„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ํŒจ๋„ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ์ž์น˜๊ตฌยท๊ตฐ๋ณ„ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด ํ™•์ถฉ๊ณผ ์‹ฌ์ธต์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์ง€์ถœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์™„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ •์น˜์  ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์ง€์ž์ฒด์˜ ์žฅ์ด ์—ฌ๋‹น์ถœ์‹ ์ธ์ง€์˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋‚˜ ์ง€์ž์ฒด์žฅ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…„๋„์™€ ์—†๋Š” ๋…„๋„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๋„ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ „์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์‹ค์—…์œจ์ด๋ผ๋“ ์ง€ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋“ ์ง€ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ž๋ณธ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•„์ง ํŒŒ์•…๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 1 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  3 1.3 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 1.3.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฒ”์œ„ 4 1.3.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์ง€์ถœ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2.1 ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์ง€์ถœ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 5 2.2 ๊ฒฝ์ œยท์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด๋ก  5 2.3 ์ •์น˜ยทํ–‰์ •์  ๊ฒฐ์ • ์ด๋ก  6 2.4 ๋ณต์ง€์ˆ˜์š” ๊ฒฐ์ • ์ด๋ก  10 2.5 ์žฌ์ •๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฒฐ์ • ์ด๋ก  11 2.6 ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ‰๊ฐ€ 12 ์ œ3์žฅ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์ง€์ถœ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  3.1 ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ์„ธ์ถœ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 18 3.1.1 ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ์„ธ์ถœ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 18 3.2 ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์ง€์ถœ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  22 3.2.1 ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ๋ณ„ ์žฌ์ •์ง€์ถœ 22 3.2.2 ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€๋น„ ์žฌ์› ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 23 3.2.3 ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ์ž์น˜๊ตฌ๋ณ„ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€๋น„ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 24 3.2.4 ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์ง€์ถœ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  25 ์ œ4์žฅ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์ง€์ถœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๋ชจํ˜• ์„ค์ • 4.1 ๊ฐ€์„ค ์„ค์ • 27 4.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์„ค์ • 28 4.2.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  ๊ฐœ์š” 28 4.2.2 ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์„ ์ • 29 4.2.3 ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 30 ์ œ5์žฅ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์ง€์ถœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„ 5.1 ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„ 32 5.1.1 ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„ 32 5.1.2 ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„ 34 5.2 ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณต์ง€ ์ง€์ถœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„ 37 5.2.1 ํŒจ๋„๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฐœ์š” 37 5.2.2 ๋‹จ์œ„๊ทผ ๊ฒ€์ •๊ณผ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 40 5.2.2.1 ๋‹จ์œ„๊ทผ ๊ฒ€์ •๊ณผ ๊ณต์ ๋ถ„ 40 5.2.2.2 ๊ทธ๋žœ์ ธ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 42 5.2.3 ํ†ตํ•ฉํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜• ๋ถ„์„ 44 5.2.4 ์ผ์›๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ 50 5.2.5 ์ด์›๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ 54 5.2.6 ์ผ์›ํ™•๋ฅ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ 55 5.2.7 ์ด์›ํ™•๋ฅ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ 59 5.3 ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ข…ํ•ฉ 61 5.4 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค ๊ฒ€์ฆ์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ํ‰๊ฐ€ 66 ์ œ6์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ•จ์˜ 6.1 ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ•จ์˜ 70 6.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 72 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 74Docto

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    Thesis(doctor`s)--์„œ์šธๅคงๅญธๆ ก ๅคงๅญธ้™ข :้›ปๆฐฃยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐๅทฅๅญธ้ƒจ,2007.Thesis(doctor`s)-

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    comparison of bond strength between composite resin and glass ionomer in class V restoration

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์น˜์˜ํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2015. 2. ์•ˆ์ง„์ˆ˜.1. ๋ชฉ ์  5๊ธ‰ ์™€๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ณต๋ฌผ์˜ ํƒˆ๋ฝ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์น˜์•„์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ๊ตํ•ฉ๋ ฅ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ณต๋ฌผ์˜ ํƒˆ๋ฝ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 5๊ธ‰ ์™€๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ณต์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” composite resin๊ณผ glass ionomer ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™€๋™์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉํ™”๋œ ์‹œํŽธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ GI์™€ composite resin์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œํŽธ์— ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•ด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ํ•˜์ค‘์ด ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 2. ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ• ์†Œ์˜ ์น˜์•„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ 7mm, ์„ธ๋กœ 2mm, ๋†’์ด 15mmํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ง์œก๋ฉด์ฒด ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ผ ์‹œํŽธ์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํฌ๊ฒŒ GI ์ˆ˜๋ณต๊ณผ comosite resin ์ˆ˜๋ณต์˜ ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ†ต์ œ ๋ณ€์ธ๊ตฐ, ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฐ์˜ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ , ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—๋Š” ์‹œํŽธ์„ 8๊ฐœ์”ฉ ๋ฐฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. (Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, Group 4์ด 32๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œํŽธ) ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ๋†’์ด 7-8mm๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์— ์ง€๋ฆ„ 3mm์˜ ๋ฐ˜์›ํ˜•์˜ ์™€๋™์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์™€๋™์—๋Š” GI ์™€ compoiste resin ์˜ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹œํŽธ์— ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” Load์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์•… ์†Œ๊ตฌ์น˜๊ฐ€ 30๋„ ๊ฐ๋„์˜ load๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์†Œ๊ตฌ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํœ˜์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” LVDT๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๊ตฌ์น˜์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋œ LVDT ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํž˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ Group2, 4 ์‹œํŽธ์— ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ค‘์„ Instron์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์™€๋™์— ์ˆ˜๋ณต๋œ ์ˆ˜๋ณต๋ฌผ์— ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ณต๋ฌผ์ด ํƒˆ๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๋ณต๋ฌผ์˜ ํƒˆ๋ฝ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ๋‹ค. 3. ๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ Group 1,2,3,4 ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ Group 1์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , Group 4 ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. (Group 1: 73.91N, Group 4: 12.01N) Composite resin์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ Glass ionomer์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ(p<0.05), ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ํ›„์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ฐ•๋„ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๋ฐ›์€ Group์—์„œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.(p<0.05) ๋˜ํ•œ two-way ANOVA ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ณต ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ๊ตํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.(p<0.05) 4. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  composite resin์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ glass ionomer์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ฐ•๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” composite resin๊ณผ glass ionomer ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜์ค‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์€ composite resinย ๊ณผ glass ionomer๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฐ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ thermocycling test๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข€๋” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.1. Objectives Failure of Class V restorations is affected by various factors. Among the factors, repeated occlusal force is also have effect. Composite resin and glass ionomer are popularly used for class V restoration. The aim of this study was to measure the bonding strength of composite resin and glass ionomer in class V restoration and to examine the effects that repeated load had on the bond strength. 2. Material and Methods Samples were made by cow`s tooth (size:7mm*2mm*15mm). Hemi-circle shaped cavity was formed at 7-8mm height of sample and diameter was 3mm. Samples divided by four groups. Group IComposite resin restoration, no repeated load cycle. Group IIComposite resin restoration, repeated load cycle. Group IIIGlass ionomer restoration, no repeated load cycle. Group IVGlass ionomer restoration, repeated load cycle. Composite resin and glass ionomer restoration were performed by conventional method. Bond strength was measured by universal machine and fatigue test machine was used for load cycling. Indipendent t-test and two-way ANOVA were used for statistic analysis. 3. Results Compared to the group I,II,III,IV, bond strength of Group I was highest and that of Group IV was lowest(Group I73.91N Group IV12.01N). The presence of repeated load cycling was reduced the bond strength of restoration(p<0.05). And bond strength of composite resin was higher than that of glass ionomer(p<0.05). Between restoration material and load cycling, there were interaction(p<0.05). 4. Conclusions It was found that the presence of an repeated occlusal force reduced the bond strength of restoration, which in exert tension around the buccal class V cavity. No difference resistance for load cycling between composite resin and glass ionomer restoration.1.Introduction 2.Material and Methods 3.Results 4.Discussion 5.Conclusion 6.ReferenceMaste

    Research on relationship between internal-external characteristics of NGO and government support

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ(ํ–‰์ •ํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2011.2. ์ •๊ด‘ํ˜ธ.Maste

    ใ€ŽๆŠฑๆœดๅญยทๅ…ง็ฏ‡ใ€๏ฆ“ไธน่ก“์˜ ๏คŠไธน์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ : ่ซธ ไธนๆณ•์˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๊ณผํ•™์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์ฒ ํ•™์ „๊ณต,1995.Maste

    Lateral DCIV ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ MOSFET ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ LDD ์„ค๊ณ„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2003.Maste

    A study on the vaccine cold chain at healthcare centers and vaccine clinics in Korea

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2021.8. ์˜ค๋ช…๋ˆ.Introduction: As a biologic agent, vaccine needs to be kept in a strictly controlled environment. Varicella vaccine is one of the heat-sensitive vaccines that the cold chain is essential to maintain its potency. It has been over ten years since the varicella vaccine was mandatory for universal immunization in Korea. Despite the high rate of varicella immunization, the incidence of varicella in Korea has been increasing annually and recent studies reported that the effectiveness of varicella vaccination in Korea was lower than previously reported. There are concerns about the possibility of reduced viral concentrations of varicella vaccines due to the cold chain problem during the transportation and storage of vaccines. However, studies on the vaccine cold chain in Korea is still limited. We aimed to evaluate the vaccine cold chain at healthcare centers and vaccine clinics in Korea and the viral concentrations of varicella vaccines stored at medical institutions. Methods: The current status of refrigerators for vaccine storage at medical institutions entrusted for varicella immunization was surveyed. The temperature of vaccine storage refrigerators at public health centers and private medical institutions were monitored for two weeks by using a digital data logger. After the analysis of temperature records of the refrigerators, the medical institutions were divided into three groups according to the refrigeratorsโ€™ performance. The viral titers of varicella vaccines that had been stored in the refrigerators at each group of medical institutions were evaluated. A plaque forming assay was used for the assessment of viral concentrations of varicella vaccines. Results: We surveyed the vaccine refrigerators of 38 public health centers and 2,200 private medical institutions. The major refrigerator types at public health centers were the purpose-built units(85.2%), whereas household units(38.1%) and commercial refrigerators(36.0%) were commonly used at private medical institutions( P < 0.001). Continuous temperature monitoring of the refrigerators for two weeks showed that only 30.6% (26/85) of refrigerators maintained optimal temperatures ranging 2 to 8โ„ƒ. By the type of refrigerators, purpose-built units showed a lower proportion of temperature excursion than household and commercial refrigerators(P = 0.039). Household refrigerators had higher rates of temperature records below 2โ„ƒ(P = 0.002). Commercial refrigerators had an average temperature of 7โ„ƒ, which was higher than other refrigerators, and showed higher rates of temperature records above 8โ„ƒ (P = 0.004). Varicella vaccines which had been stored for more than a month were retrieved from 13 public health centers and 14 private medical institutions, and viral titers were determined by plaque assay. The viral titers of each varicella vaccines varied at 911 โ€“ 9,734 pfu/0.5 mL. Particularly, among the vaccines with the same lot number, there were substantial differences in viral titers. The viral titers of the varicella vaccine obtained from the public health centers were higher than those from the private medical institutions(P = 0.030). The relation between viral titers and type of refrigerators or temperature records was not elucidated in this study. Conclusions: This study proved that the vaccine cold chain at healthcare centers and vaccine clinics in Korea was not properly maintained. Majority of private medical institutions used household or commercial refrigerators that were frequently out of optimal temperature. We found that the viral titers of varicella vaccines stored in medical institutions were very diverse and some vaccines exhibited low titer than expected. Further research is necessary to evaluate whether the lower titer of varicella vaccine is due to suboptimal maintenance of the cold chain in Korea.์„œ๋ก : ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์ œ์ œ๋กœ ์ ์ • ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ˆ˜๋‘ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์€ ์—ด์— ์•ฝํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ์—ญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฝœ๋“œ์ฒด์ธ์ด ์ฒ ์ €ํžˆ ์ง€์ผœ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋‘ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰๋œ ์ง€ 10๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋†’์€ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ์ ‘์ข…๋ฅ ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ˆ˜๋‘ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ํšจ๋Šฅ์ด ์™ธ๊ตญ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ์ˆ˜์†ก์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณด๊ด€ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ์ฝœ๋“œ์ฒด์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ์ฝœ๋“œ์ฒด์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹คํƒœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ด€ ์ค‘์ธ ์ˆ˜๋‘ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•: ์ˆ˜๋‘ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ์™€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋ณด๊ด€ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ์™€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋กœ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋ณด๊ด€ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ 2์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋ณด๊ด€ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์˜ ์˜จ๋„ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ  ์˜จ๋„์˜ ์ ์ •์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์„ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„๋กœ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋ณด๊ด€ ์ค‘์ธ ์ˆ˜๋‘ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ, ํ”Œ๋ผํฌ ์—ผ์ƒ‰๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ: ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋ณด๊ด€ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์€ ๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ 38๊ณณ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ 2,200๊ณณ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ์˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋ณด๊ด€ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ 85.2%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋ณด๊ด€ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ 38.1%, ์ƒ์—…์šฉ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ 36.0%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(P < 0.001). ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋ณด๊ด€ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์˜ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์€ ๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ  39๋Œ€์™€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ  46๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 2์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ ์ • ๋ฒ”์œ„(2 - 8โ„ƒ)๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๋Š” 30.6% (26/85)์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ  ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ณ„๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์™€ ์ƒ์—…์šฉ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ดํƒˆ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค(P = 0.039). ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๋Š” ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ 2โ„ƒ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์•˜๊ณ (P = 0.002), ์ƒ์—…์šฉ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ  ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ 8โ„ƒ๋ฅผ ๋„˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค(P = 0.004). ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์ˆ˜๋‘ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ 13๊ณณ๊ณผ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ 14๊ณณ์˜ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ™์€ ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๊ฐ„์—๋„ ํ‰๊ท  ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด 911 - 9,734 pfu/0.5 ml๋กœ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‘ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‘ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋‚˜(P = 0.030), ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋ณด๊ด€ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋‚˜ ์˜จ๋„์™€์˜ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ํ™•์ธ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก : ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋ณด๊ด€ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์˜จ๋„ ์ดํƒˆ์ด ์žฆ์€ ๊ฐ€์ •์šฉ ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ์—…์šฉ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ๋ณด๊ด€ ์ค‘์ธ ์ˆ˜๋‘ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์€ ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์ €ํ•˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ์ฆ‰ ๊ณต์žฅ ์ถœํ•˜์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„๋งค์ƒ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋งค์ƒ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ฝœ๋“œ์ฒด์ธ์€ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ˆ˜๋‘ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋„์ฐฉ ์ด์ „์˜ ์ฝœ๋“œ์ฒด์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋ฐฑ์‹  ์œ ํ†ต์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ €ํ•˜๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ๋ฐฑ์‹  ์ฝœ๋“œ์ฒด์ธ 1 2. ๋ฐฑ์‹  ์ฝœ๋“œ์ฒด์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค 3 3. ์ˆ˜๋‘ ๋ฐฑ์‹  6 4. ๊ตญ๋‚ด์™ธ ์ˆ˜๋‘ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 8 5. ์ˆ˜๋‘ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ํšจ๋Šฅ 10 6. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 12 7. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์  13 โ…ก. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 14 1. ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋ณด๊ด€ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹คํƒœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ 14 2. ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋ณด๊ด€ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์˜ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง 15 3. ์ˆ˜๋‘ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ์‹คํ—˜ 18 4. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋ณด๊ด€ ๋ฐ ์ทจ๊ธ‰์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ 24 5. ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 24 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 25 1. ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋ณด๊ด€ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ  ์‹คํƒœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 25 2. ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋ณด๊ด€ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ์˜ ์˜จ๋„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง 29 3. ์ˆ˜๋‘ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ•จ๋Ÿ‰ ์‹คํ—˜ 44 4. ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ๋ณด๊ด€ ๋ฐ ์ทจ๊ธ‰์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ 53 โ…ฃ. ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 56 โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  65 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 66 ์ดˆ๋ก (์˜๋ฌธ) 76 ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ธ€ 80๋ฐ•
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