39 research outputs found

    A Study on Russian Grammatical Gender Categories

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    Vanadate์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข…์–‘์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[์˜๋ฌธ] [ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์•”์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์™ธ๊ณผ์  ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๊ตญ์†Œ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ์•”์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ ์„  ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ฃผ์œ„ ์ •์ƒ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์†์ƒ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•”์„ธํฌ์—๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™” ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ •์ƒ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์†์ƒ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ฐ์ž‘์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์†์ƒํ›„ ์žฌ์ƒ์„ ์ขŒ์šฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์„ธํฌ๋‚ด์— ์กด ์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์˜จ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ์— Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase ์–ต์ œ์ œ์ธ oua bain์„ A549 ์•”์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ์„œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ฐ์ž‘ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๋กœ์„œ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ์ด ๋˜ ์—ˆ๋‹ค. Ouabain์€ cardiac glycoside๋กœ Na**+ -K**+ -pump๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ์งˆ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ด์˜จ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ Na**+ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ฐ์ž‘์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์ด๋“ค ์ด์˜จ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด ์•˜๋‹ค. Vanadate๋Š” ouabain๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋กœ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด์— ๋ฏธ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ์ ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase ์–ต์ œ์ œ์ธ va nadate์™€ ouabain์ด A549 ์•”์„ธํฌ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์•”์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ฐ์ž‘์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ , ์•ฝ์ œ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ์ž‘์ • ๋„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase์–ต์ œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ฐ์ž‘์— ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ ธ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋™์‹œ์— vanadate๊ฐ€ ouabain๋ณด๋‹ค ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ข…์–‘์„ธ ํฌ A549(์‚ฌ๋žŒ) ๋ฐ L1210(๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค)๊ณผ, ์ •์ƒ์„ธํฌ์ธ JMG (์‚ฌ๋žŒ) ๋ฐ ๋น„์žฅ์„ธํฌ(๋งˆ์šฐ์Šค)์— Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase ์–ต์ œ์ œ์ธ vanadateํ˜น์€ ouabain์˜ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™ ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€๋‚ด ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์€ ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ L1210์—์„œ ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋‹ค์Œ ๋น„์žฅ์„ธํฌ, JMG ์ˆœ์„œ์˜€๊ณ  A549์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. 2. Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase ์–ต์ œ์ œ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋…์„ฑ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” 10**-6 M ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๋†๋„์—์„œ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ vanadate ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒŒํฌ ๋…์„ฑ์€ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3. Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase ์–ต์ œ์ œ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ•ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” A549์˜ ๊ฒฝ ์šฐ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ž‘ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์ด ์ ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ €๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์ธ 2G y-4Gy์—์„œ ์•ฝ์ œ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ž‘ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ • ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ •์ƒ์„ธํฌ์ธ JMG์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ž‘ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด L1210์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ฐ์ž‘ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,๋Œ€์กฐ ์„ธํฌ์ธ ์ •์ƒ ๋น„์žฅ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์ฆ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋Š” L1210 ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์•˜๋‹ค. Vanadate์™€ ouabain์˜ ๊ฐ์ž‘ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” A549์—์„œ vanadate๊ฐ€ ouabain๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ์ž‘ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ปธ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์™ธ์˜ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ์•ฝ์ œ๊ฐ„ ์˜ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 4. Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase ํ™œ์‹ค๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๋•Œ ํŠนํžˆ vanadate ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ›„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ Na**+ -K**+-ATPase ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ouabain ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” L1210๋ฐ ๋น„์žฅ์„ธํฌ ์—์„œ ์–ต์ œํšจ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์–ต์ œ์ œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•”์„ธํฌ์— ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ปค์„œ ์•”์„ธํฌ์ธ A549์™€ L1210์—์„œ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„์˜ ์ €ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์„ธํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ปธ๋‹ค. 5. ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž์ฒด๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ์›๋ž˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ Na* *+ -K**+ -ATPase๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ •์ƒ์„ธํฌ JMG์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ Na**+ -K**+ -ATPas e ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„์˜ ๋” ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. Vanadateํ˜น์€ ouabain์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ L1210์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์„ ๋‹จ๋…์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„์˜ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์  ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋•Œ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ฐ์ž‘ํšจ๊ณผ๋„ Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„ ์ €ํ•˜์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋น„์žฅ์„ธํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ปธ ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase ์–ต์ œ์ œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ฐ์ž‘ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๊ฐ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ Na**+ -K**+ -ATPaseํ™œ์„ฑ๋„์˜ ๊ณ ์ €์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase์–ต์ œ์ œ์ธ vanadate๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ์„ธํฌ๋…์„ฑ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ์•ฝ์ œ์˜ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•”์„ธํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ .๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ฐ์ž‘์ œ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ouabain๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ ์›”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. Vanadate๋Š” ๋ณธ๋ž˜์˜ Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์•”์„ธํฌ์— Na**+ -K**+ -AT Pase์–ต์ œ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ฐ์ž‘ ๊ธฐ์ „์˜ ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ž„์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์•”์„ธํฌ์˜ Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ์„ธํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ํฐ ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ vanadate๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ์„ธํฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•”์„ธํฌ์— ๊ฐ์ž‘์ œ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. Enhanced Radiosensitivity of Tumor Cells Treated with Vanadate In Vitro Myung Za Lee Department of Medical science The Graduate School, Yonsei University (Directed by Professor Won Young Lee, Sc.D) Although radiation therapy has been known to be an important tool as a local treatment along with surgical methods, total radiation dose for the tumor has to be limited due to consequential damages to the surrounding normal tissues. Thus, intensive studies to increase the radiation cytotoxicity of the tumor and to minimize normal tissue damage have been the major research field. Intracellular ions which are major sectors in regulating cellular function have been reported to affect repair of cellular damages by radiation. Recently it has been reported that ouabain sensitizes A549 tumor cells but not CCL-120 normal cells to radiation. Ouabain inhibits the Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase rapidly, and thus increases intracellular Na**+ concentration. Vanadate, which is distributed extensively in almost all living organs in trace amount, is also a strong inhibitor of Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase. In this study, the effects of vanadate as well as ouabain on tumor cell cytotoxicity to radiation was studied to clarify whether vanadate is a radiosensitizer for tumer cells in vitro. The relationship between Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase activity and radiosensitization was also studied. A human lung adenocarcinoma cell line(A549) and a mouse leukemic cell line(L1210) were used as tumor target cells and a secondary human fibroblast line(JMG) and normal mouse splenocytes were used as control cells. These cells were treated with vanadate or ouabain in sublethal concentration(10**-6 M) and irradiated in variable doses. Thereafter, cellular survivals were calculated by MTT and dye exclusion tests respectively. Finally, the changes in Na**+ -K** -ATPase activities of the cells by the treatments with the agents and/or agents combined urith radiation were analyzed in comparison with the radiosensitivities of the cells. The results are summarized as follows. Without any treatments, the cells of different origins responded variably to the radiation. Although, at the concentration of 10**-6 M, both the vanadate and ouabain did not affect the survival of the cells regardless of their origin, vanadate was not toxic at even higher concentration of 10**-4 M. The overall changes in radiesensitivity of A549 were not much significant by treatment with either vanadate or ouabain. however, it was noted that the agents preferentially sensitized tumor cells especially when survival of A549 was compared with that of JMG which did not responded to either of the agents. The differential function were maximized when the radiation dose were lowered to 2 Gy-4 Gy. Although the agents enhanced the radiosensitivity of both L1210 and normal spleen cells, the extent of the effect was greater on L1210, tumor cells, than that on normal spleen cells. The difference between vanadate and ouabain in radiosensitization was not significant in all of the cells except A549 for which vanadate was found to be better sensitizer. Vanadate treatment indiscriminately inhibited the activities of Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase of all the cells, whereas ouabain inhibited that of L1210 and spleen cells only. Beth agents preferentially inhibited the enzyme activities of tumor cells compared to their normal partner cells. The radiation itself also found to be inhibitory to the enzyme activities whereas the enzyme activity in cells of normal JMG were not affected. The inhibitory effect on Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase activity was further enhanced when each of the treatments, vanadate or ouabain, was combined with radiation, especially in the experiments with L1210. The inhibitions of Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase activities of the cells were found to be closely associated with the enhanced radiosensitivities of the cells. In conclusion, it was suggested that vanadate along with ouabain could be used as a potential agent for the radiosensitization. And the inhibitory effect of vanadate on Na**+ -K**+ -ATPase activities of tumor cells might be one of the contributing factors for the enhanced radiosensitivity of the cells in vitro.restrictio

    Studies on the selective medium for the isolation of vibrio vulnificus

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    /์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] Vibrio vulnificus๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณ‘์›์„ฑ์ธ Vibroi์˜ ์‹ ์ข…์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ธ๊ท ์€ ์„ ํ–‰๋œ ๊ฐ„ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ™˜์ž์— ํŒจํ˜ˆ์ฆ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ธ๊ท ์€ ํ•ด์ˆ˜์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚  ์ƒ์„ ์˜ ์„ญ์‹์ด๋‚˜ ์ฐฝ์ƒ์˜ ์˜ค์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ธ๊ท ์€ Vibrio parahaemolyticus์™€ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ž„์ƒ ๊ฒ€์ฒด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ด ์„ธ๊ท ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ V. parahaemolyticus๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋™์ •๋œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์ธ Vibrio ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ TCBS์˜ ์ƒค์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด V. vulnificus๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ V. vulnificus๋Š” V. parahaemolyticus์™€ ์ง‘๋ฝ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ง‘๋ฝ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. V. vulnificus์˜ ์„ ํƒ๋ฐฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์†Œ์ด์˜จ ๋‹ด์ฆ™ ๋ฐ ์‹์—ผ ๋†๋„์˜ V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ๋Š” V. vulnificus์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. lactose๋‚˜ salicin์„ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์ง€๋‚˜ arabinose์™€ sucrose๋ฅผ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๋ณ„๋ฐฐ์ง€๋„ V. vlunificus๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. V. vulnificus์˜ YS ๊ท ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š ๋ฐฐ์ง€์—์„œ๋‚˜ ์‚ฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— WK ๊ท ์ฃผ๋Š” 1% lactose๋ณด๋‹ค 2% lactose ๋ฐฐ์ง€์—์„œ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์‚ฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. peptone ์–‘์„ 0.2%๋กœ ์ค„์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ WK ๊ท ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์†Œ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์‚ฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ YS ๊ท ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ TCBS ์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ sucrose ๋Œ€์‹  lactose๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ณ  peptone์˜ ์–‘์„ 0.2%๋กœ ์ค„์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‚ฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๋น ๋ฅธ V. vulnificus ๊ท ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋‚˜ ์ด ๋ฐฐ์ง€์˜ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ํ•ด์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์—์„œ์˜ V. vulnificus ๊ฐ๋ณ„๋Šฅ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Vibrio vulnificus is a nu species of vibrio pathogenic to man. This organism causes septicemia in patients with underlying liver diseases. The organism is present in sea water and the infection results from ingestion of fish or from contamination of wound. This organism is difficult to differentiate from V. parahaemolyticus. Hence isolates of the organism from clinical materials have often been mistakenly identified as V. parahaemolyticus. In this study practicability of isolation of V. vulnificus by the use of conventional TCBS medium were evaluated. It was found that it is impractical to search colonies of V. vulnificus among the morphologically similar V. parahaemolyticus colonies. From tee basic study to prepare a selective medium for V. vulnificus it was found that different concentrations of hydrogen ion, bile, and sodium chloride did not selectively suppress V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus or enrich V. vulnificus. Differential media prepared by adding lactose or salicin and by adding arabinose plus sucrose dud not differentiate these three organisms. WK strain of V. vlunificus showed slightly better acid reaction on medium with 2% lactose than on 1% lactose medium, whole YS strain did not show any reaction on this media. By decreasing peptone contentration to 0.2% WK strain showed slightly stronger acid reaction, but YS strain did net show any reaction. From this study it is concluded that substituting, from TCBS formula, lactose for sucrose and decreasing peptone concentration to 0.2%, V. vulnificus strain with rapid acid production only can be detected. The performance of the medium awaits farther evaluation by field trial.prohibitio

    (The) effect of 5-FU and radiation on A549 cells in vitro

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ธ์ฒด์˜ ํ์•”์—์„œ ์œ ๋ž˜๋œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์•” ์„ธํฌ A549๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๋ฐ 5-FU์˜ ๋ณ‘์šฉ์š”๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•œ ์•”์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์–ต์ œํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์„ ํƒ์  ํ•ญ์•”ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ๋Ÿ‰์€ 300rad, 600rad ๋ฐ 900rad๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ 5-FU๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘์šฉํ•œ ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๋‹จ๋…์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ 0.4ฮผg/ใŽ–๋กœ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 57.5%์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์–ต์ œ์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์กฐ์‚ฌํ›„ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ 5์ผ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์–ต์ œ์œจ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์–ต์ œ๋ฅผ ํŒ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธํ›„ ์ƒ์ข…์„ธํฌ์˜ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜ ์—ฌ 300red์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์กฐ์‚ฌ, 0.4ฮผg/ใŽ–7์˜ 5-FU ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์ด ๋‘˜์„ ๋ณ‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ metaphase์—์„œ์˜ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ๊ณผ 5-FU๋ฅผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ A549 ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์–ต์ œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์ด๋‚˜ 5-FU ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์ˆ˜๋ก ์„ฑ์žฅ์–ต์ œ์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๋‹จ๋…์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๋ฐ 5-FU์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ตฐ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ์กด๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ตฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค ์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ์ฒ˜์น˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์•”์„ธํฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ์–ต์ œ ํšจ์œจ์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‘ ์ฒ˜์น˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•ํ›„ ์ƒ์กด์„ธํฌ์˜ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋‘ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ diploid์ดํ•˜์˜ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ธํฌ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ญ์•”์ฒ˜์น˜๋Š”(๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ , 5-FU) ์•”์„ธํฌ์ค‘ ๋™์ผ ์„ธํฌ๊ตฐ์„ ํ‘œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์กด์„ธํฌ์˜ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” 300rad์˜ ์‚ฌ์„  ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋กœ 2๋ฐฐ์ฒด ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ตฐ์ด ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์–ด 2๋ฐฐ์ฒด ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ž”์—ฌ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 300rad์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋” ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ 2๋ฐฐ์ฒด ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. 5-FU ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ›„์—๋„ 2๋ฐฐ์ฒด ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 5-FU์™€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ๋„ 2๋ฐฐ์ฒด ์ด์ƒ์ด ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์—ฌ 2๋ฐฐ์ฒด ์ดํ•˜๊ตฐ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ 1โˆผ10๊ฐœ์˜ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ 5-FU์™€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๋‹จ๋…์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ 5-FU์™€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘์šฉํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์–‘์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„ ํ‘œ์ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๊ฐ™์Œ์„ ์ถ”์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Effects of ionizing radiation alone and combined with chemotherapy on tumor growth and it's clonal specificity monitored by changes in distibution of chromosome number were studied in A549 cell line originated from human adenocarcinoma of the lung. Radiation (300 rad, 600 rad and 900 rad) were delivered with or without 5-FU. Forty eight hrs later, 57.5% of growth inhibition of cell was seen in cells treated with 5-FU concentration of 0.4ฮผg/ใŽ–) for 24 hr exposure. Cell survival curvival curves after radiation with and without 5-FU were made. Chromosomal analysis of cells in metaphase in contorl, and in cells treated with 300 rad of radiation, or 0.41 ฮผg/ใŽ– of 5-FU treatment, and combined treatment of both were done to examine the changes in plodidy and number of chromosome. Radiation combined wish 5-7U enhanced growth inhibition of A549 cells. However, evidence of synergegic effect in growth inhibition was observed in the cells treated with the combination therapy. Patterns of chromosomal distribution of survived cells were shifted from hyperdiploidy to hypodiploidy by single dose of radiation(300 rad). As radiation dose increased a large number of hypodiploidy cells were observed. Following treatment of cells with 5-FU, chromosomal distribution of survived cell were also shifted to hypodiploidy, which were seen in cells treated with radiation. The cell treated with 5-FU and followed by radation within 24hrs had cell with increased number of hypodiploid cells. Almost same type of chmosomal changes were reproduced in cells treated with combined treatment wish radiation and 5-FU. Minor differences were that cells with fewer number of chromosome were more frequent in cells treated with combined therapy. Further increase in cells of hypoploidy(93%) having 1-10 chromosome were induced by additional radiation. Therefore, the enhanced therapeutic effect of 5-FU combined with radiation on A549 cells appeared to be additive rather than synergystic.restrictio

    A Study on the Theater during Military Government(1945~1948) and Its Implications for modernity

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    This study analyzed the comparison of the problems to deal with JeokSan Theater(return properties) which was at the center of heated debate in relation to the theater policies in South and North Koreas at the time of the military government through the theater where was the space of the formation of policies, industries and cultures, the films which were projected in theaters in Seoul and Pyeongyang, and the projecting method, and the implication. During U.S. military government period, the theaters in Seoul amounted to 18 theaters by increasing gradually from 16 theaters. Here, the theaters were the spaces where plays, musical dramas, entertainments along with films were shown, and the screening rates of foreign films were high. U.S. movies in also foreign films occupied the theaters by being distributed almost exclusively through Central Film Distributor which U.S. military government established. U.S. movies of action, melo, comedies, which were selected as the movies suitable for the occupying nation, played a prominent part in organizing its own countrys image - the strong and beautiful U.S. - which U.S. wanted to spread to foreign countries. During Soviet military government, the theaters in Pyeongyang increased gradually after starting with 6 theaters. Though plays, musical dramas, operas were shown simultaneously in the theaters as well as in South Korea, the concept of a movie theater and a performance hall began to be separated gradually. when the movie supply from South Korea was blocked because of the 38th parallel, Soviet movies occupied most theaters in Pyeongyang. Soviet movies showed the results of socialist modernization such as Soviet change after socialism, kolkhoz, cooperative labor, industrialization. Under the influence of U.S. military government and U.S. culture, South Korea got more deeply in competition and capitalization, and got used gradually to U.S. culture every day through U.S. movies. In contrast to the theaters in South Korea placed on the market principle of capitalism, the theaters in North Korea gave commercial activities a wide berth according as they were nationalized and focused on the role of the culture under socialism which Soviet required. The images of U.S. and Soviet which the movies showed became a barometer for people in Korea to image the modern national culture.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2008๋…„๋„ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ†ต์ผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„ ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ž„
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