선형증가에 대하여

The size of newly generated vessels has exceeded the 8,000TEUs. The volume became larger and the speed get faster. The hub and feeder ports are becoming more and more important in the current booming shipping market. Especially, Asian shipping market is changing dramatically. There are changes in the ranking of world's busiest ports. Shanghai port has surpassed Hong Kong port and ranked the second among world's busiest ports. In addition, there is a fierce competition in the shipping market. Therefore, if a hub port fails in preparing and forecasting some critical points of the market, it may lose its market share, and its role. This paper discusses on the basis of a case study of Pyeongtaek port, South Korea. Recently, the role of feeder port has become more important as the feeder port network is getting dense. Many ports in Europe, such as the port of Rotterdam, Antwerp, Hamburg, Le Havre and so on have offered feeder services. Although Pyeongtaek port has invested in facilities and expanded hinterland, its influence is still low in Korea. One of reasons is that it can not compete with the Incheon port, nearby although the both have similar conditions such as hinterland. This paper reviews how small ports can survive in the current shipping market. In addition, the competitiveness of Pyeongtaek port is compared to the other small ports such as, Incheon port. Three scenarios, which are Hong Kong-Pyeongtaek (or Incheon and Busan)-Long Beach, Hong Kong-Pyeongtaek (or Incheon and Busan) and Pyeongtaek -Long Beach (or Incheon and Busan) are considered. The results of this paper is Pyeongtaek port can not compete with Inchoen port, but it still has its potentialities to be a feeder port.Chapter 1. Introduction = 7 Chapter 2. Prospect of Pyeongtaek port and Incheon port = 9 2.1 Present conditions = 9 2.2 Vessels calling at ports = 13 Chapter 3. Case studies in Europe = 17 3.1. Rotterdam port = 18 3.2. Antwerp port = 19 3.3. Hamburg port = 21 3.4. Bremerhaven port = 22 Chapter 4. Cost analysis of main and feeder routes = 24 4.1 Service route planning = 24 4.2 Competitiveness of main route = 25 4.3 Navigation cost per day = 28 4.3.1 Capital costs = 28 4.3.2 Operation costs = 29 4.3.3 Sailing costs (fuel costs) = 30 4.3.4 Other costs = 32 4.3.5 Total navigation cost per day = 32 4.4 THC (Terminal Handling cost) of each port = 33 4.5 Total navigation cost of each scenario = 33 4.6 Economic efficiency of shipping company point of view = 34 4.7 Road cost and feeder cost for Pyeongtaek port and Incheon port = 35 Chapter 5. Conclusion = 37 References = 4

Ploblems and ways of improvement after carring out national pension up to urban region.

보건정책 및 관리학과/석사[한글] [영문]In Korea national pension system was started with participants of the business' place over 10 persons in 1988, applied extensively up to urban region in 1999. So the time total national pension was opened and developed remarkly for a short period, but the various problems were exposed. The problems of national pension were indicated that more than a half of a participants in urban region remained the exceptional persons of payment and about a million persons did not report. The problem of low income declaration provoked the equity between participants of the business' place and the local. Decline of pension for the supply-demander of new pension took place owing to decline of average income in 1999 rather than in 1998. To settle the current national pension system, the exceptional persons of payment must be cleared up and equity among participants should be reconsidered. Therefore the exceptional persons of payment with income materials should be reduced from administative efforts such as constructing of income information infra, and the range for exception of payment and concept of income activities should be reestablished for the persons without income materials. Also students, prisoners and missing persons should be excluded in subject of application, regarding as an impossible payment person, and the age of application should be upward readjusted from existing 23 years upto 27 years, employment age. In addition, to solve the equity problem between participants the tax system should be fundermantally reformed, and introduced the due system based on the estimated income. To develop the model of the rational estimated income, the types of business should be in detail classified from existing 110 items over 850 items, and specified and imposed authoritatively on the types of business and region as if reporting the subaverage. Income of renting and banking, if estates are above a given level, should be also imposed. It is valid that the A value is alloted by the amount of average income per month for 3∼5 years instead of the amount of average income based on end of former years. As a result this study suggest that the ways of clearing up the exceptional persons of payment, imposing authoritatively the insurance bill, and alloting the A value should be reflected on the policy of national pension system.ope