(The) influence of rotatory movement on the tissue catecholamines in rats

의학과/박사[한글] [영문] It has been well established that motion sickness is a symptom complex resulted from generalized responses of organisms to certain characteristic forms of motion. The main symptoms are characterized by epigastric distress, drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and headache. The extensive studies have been reported concerning the protection of the individual aganist motion sickness; however, the mechanism for the development of motion sickness has not been established. Floureas (1828) reported that the disturbance of equilibrium in the body was probably attributed in the stimulation on a certain portion of inner ears. Kreidl (1902) further suggested that bilateral section of the auditory nerve rendered animals immune to motion sickness. Subsequently, other investigators (Johnson et al., 1962; Babkin and Bornstein, 1943; wang and Chinn, 1956) have reported experiments in which animals were found to be immune to motion sickness following bilateral labyrinthectomy. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the experimental motion sickness is produced by stimulating on the otolith organs (Egmond et al., 1954; Morton et al., 1947) and on the semicircular canals (Johnson, et al., 1951; Johnson and Taylor, 1961) in labyrinth. On the basis of these observations, it has been generally accepted that the labyrinth contains the receptor(s) which, when stimulated appropriately, give rise to motion sickness. Recently Hasegawa (1949) and others postulated that motion sickness is the secondary phenomenon resulted in the activation of sympathetic nervous system mediated through the labyrinthine stimulation and further suggested that the role of sympathetic nervous system is more important in the development of motion sickness rather than a generalized imbalance of the autonomic nervous system. This concept is supported by Mood (1966) who observed that the intact sympathetic nervous system plays a important role in the development of acceleration tolerance and concomitantly showed that the tissue catecholamines were significantly reduced following exposure of animals to rotatory acceleration. In an attempt to explore the mechanism responsible for the depletion of tissue catecholamines in motion sickness, the present study was designed to examine the possible relationship between the function of labyrinth and the role of sympathetic nervous system in the experimental motion sickness produced by rotatory movement. Male albino rats, weighing approximately 150 grams, were used throughout this experiment. The animals were maintained in a controlled environment (25℃) and were given basal diet for a period of two weeks to acclimatize them to their environment. The rat was accelerated on the electrically driven turntable to a constant angular velocity of 80 r.p.m. which was maintained for 60 minutes. The nature of the postrotatory motion sickness was observed visually. Caloric-test was performed according to the Herniksson (1962) method to confirm whether the function of labyrinth is intact or not at the end of two months after daily injection of streptomycin (15mg/100g). The catecholamine contents of various organs were determined by the Aminco-Bowman spectrophotofluorometric procedure described by Shore and Olin(1958). Results 1. The catecholamine content was examined in the brain, heart and adrenal gland of rats exposed to the rotatory movement for a various length of time. The catecholamines in brain, heart and adrenal gland rapidly reduced to 60%, 63% and 46% below normal, respectively, at the end of following one hour the exposure to rotatory movement and returned to normal level within three hours. Concomitantly the main symptoms including drowsiness, nystagmus, ataxia, vomiting and diarrhea which were associated with the rotatory movement were most intensive at the end of one hour after the begining of rotation. 2. Rats were pretreated with streptomycin which interferes selectively with the function of labyrinth. Two months after the intramusculary injection of streptomycin (15mg/100g), the animals were exposed to rotatory movement by the procedure described previously. The pretreatment of streptomycin prevented completely from the depletion of tissue catecholamines in brain, heart and adrenal gland and also abolished the symptoms associated with the rotatory movement. 3. Rats were pretreated with dramamine which is known to interfere with the function of labyrinth. The pretreatment of dramamine (10mg/100g) also blocked completely the depletion of tissue catecholamines. However, the postrotatory nystagmus and atatxia were temporarily appeared after the terminal of rotation. 4. Rats were premedicated with scopolamine which blocks peripheral cholinergic receptors. At the end of one hour after the injection of scopolamine (0.1mg/100g) the animals were exposed to the rotatory movement. The pretreatment of scopolamine did not prevent the reduction of tissue catecholamines in brain, heart and adrenal gland. All the symptoms of motion sickness, except nystagmus and diarrhea which, were somewhat alleviated, persisted as those observed in normal animals. 5. Rats were pretreated with bretylium which interferes selectively with the release of catecholamines from sympathetic nerve endings. Thirty minutes after the intramuscular injection of bretylium (20.mg/100g) the animals were exposed to the rotatory movement. The reduction of tissue catecholamines in both of brain and heart was markedly inhibited, but not that of adrenal gland by the pretreatment of bretylium. The symptoms presented were generally mild and vomiting was completely disappeared. 6. The intravenous administration of chlorpromazine (0.1mg/100g) slightly but significantly prevented the reduction of tissue catecholamines in brain and heart without affecting the release of catecholamines from adrenal gland. All the symptoms associated with rotatory movement were moderately suppressed as those observed in bretylium-pretreated animals. From the above results, the reduction of tissue catecholamines is presumed to be caused largely by activation of sympathetic nervous system mediated through the labyrinthine stimulation in rotatory movement.restrictio

초끈이론의 양자화

Maste

Clinico-statistical survey of the paranasal sinusitis in Koreans.

의학과/석사[한글] [영문] Since Claudius Galen of Roman demonstrated the paranssal sinuses of human body in Ca. 130 - Ca. 120, a large body of knowledge on paranasal sinuses is available in the literatures. On looking over the literatures, no report was found as a statistical survey of paranasal sinusitis as this series in Korea. the author, therefore, reported the following series. Thepaper presents a statistical survey of 373 cases of paranasal sinusitis in Koreans, who were confirmed the disease either way of clinical and radiological aspects, at the Otolaryngological clinic of Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine for past two years of 1963-1964 inclusively, and the results shows as follows. 1. Among 373 cases of paranasal sinusitis, the maxillary sinusitis is 303 cases (81.2 per cent), and the others were 24 cases (6.4 per cent) of maxilloethmoidal sinusitis, 10 cases (2.7 per cent) of maxillo-frontal sinusitis, and 35 cases (9.7 per cent) of pansinusitis. In the series, age distribution as peak incidence is between 15-19 aged groups (126 cases, 33.8 per cent), and the average age of the cases is 21 years in male and 24 years in female. The sex ratio between male and female is about 1.6:1. 2. Generally the most prominent symptoms of paranasal sinusitis are nesal stuffiness (49.8 per cent), hyperrhinorrhea (38.7 per cent), and dull frontal headache (50.0 per cent), and the others were frontal headache, anosmia and impairment of memory on order. 3. According to the duration of the disease since onset, the average shown 2 years and 11 months (2 years and 8 months in male, and 2 years and 9 months in female), the median is 2 years below, and the mode is 1 year below to the duration. Also reviewed monthly distribution as peak incidence is in June (14.7 per cent), and seasonal distribution, in orderly incidence, shows as 31.3 per cent in summer, 26.5 per cent in winter, 26.4 per cent in spring and 15.8 per cent in autumn respectively. 4. Most frequent pathologic change of the nasal mucosa shows hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate (58.1 per cent), and the polyp and polypoid change of turbinate (18.4 per cent) which are more frequent in complicated sinusitis than simple sinusitis cases, and more common incidences in bilateral or left side of the nasal cavity than right one. 5. Characteristically, the most common rhinorrhea is mucoprulent in nature (221 cases, 59.2 per cent), and this seems to be shifted toprulent rhinorrhea in more complicated state than simple sinusitis in fact. 6. And also pathologic changes of the nasal mucosa was classified into the minimal, moderate and severe degree due on authors standards, the moderate group shows most common (163 cases, 43.7 per cent), and consequently the incidence of the severs one shows more frequent in the complicated sinusitis. And very similar and paralleled conclusions was made both in radiological and clinical signs. 7. There is about 9.1 per cent (34 cases) of diagnostic difference between clinical and radiological findings. Clinically, 11 cases were diagnosed as sinusitis, but no sinusitis was verified by means of radiological finding, and the left of 23 cases are counted as contrary way. 8. The sinusitis combined the septal deviation in this series revealed 42 cases(11.2 per cent), including 15 cases (35.7 per cent) was deviated to right side, 23 cases (54.8 per cent) to left, and 4 cases (9.5 per cent) of sigmoid form deviation. 9. among the whole 373 cases, 186 cases (49.9 per cent) had surgical treatment. Of them 111 cases (59.8 per cent) received Caldwell-Luc operation, 51 cases (27.4 per cent) of Intra-nasal antrostomy, and 24 cases (12.9 per cent) of Sinus Puncture and Irrigation.restrictio

D4/D8 holographic QCD and nucleon dynamics

Doctor본 논문에서는 우선 AdS/CFT 대응성의 소개와 일반적 측면, 그리고 강한 상호작용을 하는 계에 대한 적용에 대하여 소개한다. 특히 역시 강한 상호작용을 하며 섭동적 기술이 불가능한 낮은 에너지 양자 색역학(QCD)으로의 응용을 다룬다. 이 때에 주로 D4/D8 홀로그래피 QCD 모형을 중점적으로 다루는데, 이 모델에서는 손지기 대칭성 깨짐이 AdS 공간에서 기하학적으로 구현될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 D4/D8 모형에서 유도되는 유효 손대칭성 라그랑지안을 소개하고, 이를 이용하여 4점 핵자 상호작용 기술에서의 저에너지 결합 상수(LEC)들을 직접 유도하였는데, 이 상수들은 핵력의 근접 거리에서의 기술과 손지기 라그랑지안에서의 핵자들의 성질에 있어서 중요한 물리량이다. 한편, 이제까지의 D4/D8 모형에서 중입자에 대한 탐구는 S^4를 감는 D4 브레인의 SO(4) 평면 공간 극한에서 단지 점입자 엇호프트 인스탄톤항을 직접 대입함으로써 근사적으로써만 수행되고 있었으나, 이것의 실제 기하는 굽은 D4 배경 내의 구경꾼 D8 브레인 위에서의 S^3 x I 공간이다. 이러한 동기에서 이를 보다 잘 기술할 수 있는 한 가지 아이디어로써 주기성 인스탄톤 근사를 도입하여 종래의 결과와 어떠한 차이를 줄 수 있는지의 기초적인 가능성을 조사하였으며, SO(4) 평면 공간 극한에서는 다시 엇호프트 인스탄톤으로 수렴하는 것을 확인하였다.We review the AdS/CFT correspondence, its general aspects, and motivations to explore strongly interacting systems. Especially, we have focused on its applications to the low energy QCD which is strongly correlated and nonperturbative. We introduce the D4/D8 model of holographic QCD that realizes the chiral symmetry breaking geometrically in the AdS bulk space. By using this D4/D8 holographic QCD, we describe an effective chiral Lagrangian, and try to generate the low energy constants (LECs) of four-nucleon contact interactions those are essential to describe the short-range nuclear force and the bulk nuclear matter properties in the chiral Lagrangian. On the other hand, all the previous analyses on the baryon terms in the D4/D8 model have just used locally isolated ’t Hooft instanton ansatz which assumes the baryons as the wrapped D4-branes on the SO(4) flat space. But the right description should be evaluated on the SO(3) x I geometry on D8 probe brane in the curved D4 background. In this motivation, we try a periodic instanton ansatz and observed some deviation from the previous results, which also converges to the ’t Hooft instanton in the limit of the SO(4) flat geometry

Biomineral Coated ＮＣＮＴ Vertical Arrays and Method for Preparing the Same

본 발명은 질소가 도핑된 탄소나노튜브 어레이의 바이오미네랄화 방법에 관한 것으로 보다 상세하게는 수직 성장한 질소가 도핑된 탄소나노튜브에 바이오미네랄을 코팅하는 질소가 도핑된 탄소나노튜브 어레이의 바이오미네랄화 방법에 관한 것이다.본 발명에 따르면, 바이오미네랄화에서 NCNT를 사용할 경우, 바이오미네랄화 공정이 일어나는 동안 도핑된 질소가 결합 및 핵형성 위치로서 활용될 수 있어, CNT와 비교하여 전기 전도도 및 화학 반응성을 향상시킬 수 있으며, 제조된 바이오미네랄이 코팅된 NCNT 수직 어레이는 생체모방 연구에 관련된 생물 무기물의 합성연구에 유용하다

한국 시장에서의 기대 거래 활동 횡단면 분석

학위논문(석사) - 한국과학기술원 : 경영공학과, 2011.2, [ iii, 39 p. ]한국과학기술원 : 경영공학과

투자자 의견의 불일치와 주식 횡단면

학위논문(박사) - 한국과학기술원 : 경영공학부, 2016.2 ,[vi, 123 p. :]본 학위 논문은 투자자의 의견 불일치가 금융 시장에 미치는 영향을 담은 세 가지의 논문으로 구성되어 있다. 첫 번째 논문은 경제학자들의 미래 경제에 대한 의견의 불일치가 경제를 대변하는 상태 변수로 작용한 다는 것을 밝힌다. 두 번째 논문은 투자자의 의견 불일치에 의한 고평가 현상이 주식 시장의 이상 현상에 미치는 영향을 분석하였고, 마지막으로 세 번째 논문은 비정상적인 주식 거래량이 거래량의 주식 수익률의 횡단면에 대한 예측력에 어떤 영향을 주는 지를 연구하였다. 자세히 서술하자면, 첫 번째 논문에서는 실질국내총생산에 대한 경제학자들의 의견의 불일치가 애매함(ambiguity)의 척도이며, 미래 투자 기회를 서술하는 상태 변수로 작용함을 밝힌다. 이러한 의견의 불일치의 시계열적 내림세를 보정한 후에, 주장에 맞는 세 가지 증거를 제시하였는데, 첫 번째는 애매함은 경기 사이클을 음으로 예측을 한다는 점이다. 두 번째로, 애매함은 주식 수익률을 양으로 예측을 하며, 마지막으로 애매함의 기대치 않은 변화는 주식 시장에서 음으로 프라이싱되어 있다는 것을 밝혔다. 이 현상은 회사의 크기, 장부가 대비 시장가 비율, 그리고 과거 수익률과는 다르다는 것을 확인하였다. 모든 증거들은 intertemporal CAPM 이론에 합치되는 결과이며, 투자자들의 애매함의 주식 시장에 대한 영향을 반영하는 증거들이다. 두 번째 논문은 투자자의 의견 불일치가 열 가지 주식 시장의 이상 현상을 설명하는 데에 도움을 주는 지를 밝힌다. 먼저 주식 시장 이상 현상과 관련해서 수익률이 낮은 주식들 (short leg)은 투자자 의견의 불일치가 높은 주식들 사이에서 이 현상이 두드러지며, 이 현상은 의견 불일치가 높은 주식 사이에서의 강한 주식 이상 현상, 또한 의견 불일치의 영향을 반영한다. 그리고 의견 불일치가 낮은 주식, 그리고 높은 주식 간의 수익률의 차이는 이상 현상에 의거한 수익률을 설명한다. 모든 증거들은 투자자의 의견 불일치의 주식 시장의 이상 현상에 대한 기여도를 지지한다. 세 번째 논문에서는 주식 거래 수익률을 기대되는 거래량, 즉 과거 주식 수익률과 거래량으로 설명이 되는 부분, 그리고 기대치 않았던 거래량으로 분리를 한다. 이러한 분리를 통해서 밝혀낸 바는, 기대되는 거래량은 음의 방향으로 주식 수익률의 횡단면을 오랜 기간 동안 예측을 하고, 기대치 않았던 거래량은 양의 방향으로 예측을 하는데, 이 영향은 6주 정도의 기간을 거치면 사라지게 된다. 이런 경향성에 의거하면, 기대치 않았던 거래량의 영향은 짧은 기간 내에서 강하며, 이에 따라서 주식 거래량의 예측력이 영향을 받음을 알 수 있다. 마지막으로, 기대치 않았던 거래량은 개인의 사적인 정보에 의해 일어남을 밝혔다.한국과학기술원 :경영공학부

Metal-Porphyrinic Carbon Nanotube Used for Electrodes of Fuel Cell

본 발명에 의한 금속-포르피린 탄소 나노 구조물에 의하면, 산소 환원 성능이 우수한 연료 전지 전극 소재가 제공된다

블록 공중합체 리소그래피를 이용한 맞춤형 탄소나노튜브 어레이의 성장에 관한 연구

학위논문(박사) - 한국과학기술원 : 신소재공학과, 2010.08, [ xxiii, 214 p. ]Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are of broad technological interest in electronics, photonics, energy devices, and other applications. However, establishing a straightforward process for mass production of uniform CNTs with desired structures and properties has been a long-standing challenge. In particular, it is highly desired to precisely control over the numbers of walls and diameter of CNTs, which are decisive parameters for the physical properties of CNTs. In this respect, the preparation of monodisperse catalyst array having a narrow size distribution is generally considered an effective pathway to produce well-defined CNTs, since the number of walls and diameter of the produced CNTs is closely related to the catalyst size. Catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has become a standard growth method for vertical or parallel CNT arrays. Plasma-enhanced CVD (PECVD) is particularly attractive, since the high-energy plasma environment enables low-temperature growth, high CNT alignment, and compatibility with conventional Si processes. Nevertheless, CVD methods suffer from low catalyst activity. Only a small fraction of the catalyst particles produce CNTs; the majority remain as undesired impurities due to contamination by amorphous carbon. For this reason oxygen-assisted CVD approaches have been developed. Oxygen-containing compounds, such as water ($H_2O$), alcohol ($CH_3OH$), and oxygen gas ($O_2$) has been included in the feed stream to remove undesired amorphous carbon contamination and promote highly efficient CNT growth. Ammonia ($NH_3$) has often been used as an environmental gas for PECVD growth of CNTs. The pretreatment of catalyst particles with $NH_3$ plasma results in a thin nitride layer on the catalyst surface, which suppresses catalyst deactivation by decomposing excessive carbon. As a constituent of the source gas, $NH_3$ is an effective source for the N-doping of CNTs. N-doping may greatly enhance the electrical conductivity of CNTs. When electro...한국과학기술원 : 신소재공학과