19 research outputs found
A study for classification of heart disease by phonocardiogram
ìë£ê³µííë곌ì ìì©ì ìê³µíì ê³µ/ìì¬[íêž]
ì¬ì¥ì íë§ ì¥ì ì ìí ìŽì ì¬ìì ë°ìì ì¬ì¥ ì§í곌 ë°ì í êŽê³ê° ìë€. ë°ëŒì, ì¬ì ìž¡ì ì íµí ì¬ì¥ íë§ ì¥ì ì ì¡°êž° ì§ëšì ë§€ì° ì€ìíë€.
볞 ë
Œë¬žì ì¬ìì ìŽì©íì¬ ì¬ì¥ ìŽìì ë¶ëŠ¬ ë¶ì íŽ ëŽë ê²ì ê·ž 목ì ìŽ ìë€. ì¬ì ìž¡ì ì ë¹ êŽíì ìž ì±ê²©ì ê°ì§ê³ ìë íì ì 볎 ê³ìž¡ ìì€í
ìŒë¡ ì¬ì ìž¡ì ìì€í
ì ìëí, ìíí, ê°ížííë ê²ì ì격 ìë£ ê³ìž¡ì ìí ë°©ë²ìŒë¡ì ì ê·Œë ì©ìŽíê² íë€. ì¬ì¥ ìíë ì êž°ì ìž ì¬ì ëì êž°ê³ì ìž ì¬ìëë¡ ìž¡ì ë ì ìë€. ì¬ì¥ì êž°ê³ì ìž ìŽììŒë¡ ìžíŽ ë°ìëë ë¹ì ì ì¬ìì ë¶ìíë ê²ìŽ ì¬ì¥ì êž°ë¥ì ì¥ì ì ì§ì ì ìž ì°êŽìŽ ììì êž°ìžíì¬, ì¬ì¥ 죌Ʞ ì¶ì¶ì êž°ì¡Žì ë°©ë²ìž ì¬ì ëì ëêž°í íì¬ ì¬ì¥ 죌Ʞ륌 ì¶ì¶íë ë°©ë²ìì ë²ìŽë, ì¬ì ë°ìŽí°ë§ìŒë¡ íëì ì¬ì¥ 죌Ʞ륌 ì¶ì¶íŽ ì¬ì¥ìŽìì ë¶ëŠ¬ ë¶ìíìë€.
죌ì ìììŽ ë§ì 겜ì°ë¥Œ ê³ ë €íì¬ ì ì ì¡ì곌, ê³ ì£Œí ì¡ìì ì ê±°íë ë°©ë²ì ì¬ì©íìë€. ì ì ì¡ìì 60Hz notch filter륌 ì¬ì©íì¬ ì ê±°íìê³ , waveletì ì¬ì©íì¬ ì¡ì ìììŽëŒ ìê°ëë ê³ ì£Œí ë¶ë¶ì ì ížë¥Œ ì ê±°íê³ ì¬ìì í¹ì§ì 볎ì¬ì£Œë ì ížììì ì ííì¬ ì ì íž(Source)륌 ì¬êµ¬ì±íë ë°©ë²ì ì¬ì©íì¬ ë¶ëŠ¬ ë¶ìì ìííìë€.
ì¬ìì ë³ì ìŒë¡ ë¶ë¥íêž° ìíŽì ìì륌 ì¶ì¶íììŒë©°, ìì ì¶ì¶ìì ì¬ì©í ë°©ë² ëí ì¡ì ì ê±°ìì ì¬ì©í ë°©ë²ì ìì©íì¬, ìê°ì ë°ë¥ž ì€ìŒìŒì ì íìž í ì ìë wavelet decompositionì ì¬ì©íìë€. ì ì ížìì ë¶ëŠ¬ë ììì ê³ì륌 ê·žëë¡ ì¬ì©íì§ ìê³ ê³ì륌 Shannon ìëì§ ííë¡ ë³í ììŒ ì ê²œë§ íë¡ì ì
ë ¥ ì ížë¡ ì¬ì©íìë€.
ì¶ì¶ë ìì륌 ì ê²œë§ íë¡ì ì
ë ¥íì¬ ì 겜ë§ì íìµíìê³ , ê²°ì ë ê°ì€ì¹ë¥Œ ìŽì©íì¬ ì ì ì¬ì곌 ë¹ì ì ì¬ìì 구ë³íŽ ëŒ ì ììë€.
ìŽ 665ê°ì ì¬ì¥ 죌Ʞ ì€ìì ì¬ì¡ììŽ ìë ë°ìŽí° 147ê°ì ì¬ì¡ììŽ ìë ë°ìŽí° 190ê°ì ë°ìŽí°ë¡ íìµì íê³ , ì¬ì¡ììŽ ìë ë°ìŽí° 137ê°ì ì¬ì¡ììŽ ìë ë°ìŽí° 191ê°ë¡ ê²ì¬ë¥Œ í 결곌, í¹ìŽë(specificity) 86%ì ì믌ë(sensitivity) 94%륌 ì»ìŽëìŒë©°, ì§ëšìì ì íë(accuracy)ë 91%ìì ì ì ììë€.
[ì묞]
It has been widely reported that heart valve disorder produce heart disease. Therefore, early diagnosis about heart valve situation is very important.
The purpose of this paper is to classify heart disorder using phonocardiogram. Phonocardiogram is one of non-invasive monitoring system. Miniaturization, automation, and simplicity of heart sound measurement system makes home care system easy to access. Heart sound originates from mechanical phenomena, hence, focusing to mechanical heart disorder, heart sound signal was used to segment one cardiac cycle instead of electrocardiogram data.
Noise canceling method was used. Power noise and high frequency noise were canceled in this paper: 60Hz notch filter was used for power noise, and wavelet decomposition and reconstruction method was used for high frequency noise by cutting off the noise band and reconstructing the source signal.
Feature extraction was carried out for classification of heart sound in each disease. The feature extraction method was wavelet decomposition. In substitute for using the decomposed coefficient directly, detail coefficient was conversed to Shannon energy level.
The feature was trained by neural network. Feed-forward back-propagation method was used. Using decided weight could be classified.
Total cardiac cycles were 665. Training data were 337, including 147 non-pathologic cardiac cycles and 190 pathologic cardiac cycles. Tested data were 328, including 137 non-pathologic cardiac cycles and 191 pathologic cardiac cycles. The specificity was 86%, the sensitivity was 94% and the accuracy of diagnosis was 91%.ope
Natural history of chronic hepatitis type B through the long-term follow-up
ìí곌/ìì¬[íêž]
ë§ì± ê°ìŒìŽë ê°ì ìë°ì±ìŒë¡ 칚ë²íë ë§ì± ìŒìŠì± ì§íë€ì ìŽì¹íë ê²ìŒë¡ ìŒë°ì ìŒë¡ ìííì ëë ì¡°ì§íì ìž ìŽì ìê²¬ìŽ ìµìí 6ê°ììŽì ì§ìëë 겜ì°ë¥Œ ë§ì± ê°ìŒìŒë¡ ì ìíê³ ìë€. ë§ì± ê°ìŒì ì¡°ì§ì견ì ë°ëŒì ë§ì± ì§ìì± ê°ìŒê³Œ ë§ì± íë
ì± ê°ìŒìŒë¡ ëë³ëê³ , ë§ì± íëì± ê°ìŒì ë€ì ê°êµì ꎎì¬ê° ìë 겜믞í ì í곌 ê°êµì ꎎì¬ê° ìë ì¬í ì íìŒë¡ ìžë¶í ì ììŒë©°, ìŽë¬í ë§ì± ê°ìŒì ì¡°ì§íì ì견ì ìì°ê²œê³Œ ë° ìí륌 íëšíëë° ì€ìíë€ê³ ìë €ì ž ìë€. ì°ëŠ¬ëëŒë Bí ê°ìŒ ë°ìŽë¬ì€ì ìí ë§ì± ê°ìŒìŽ í¹í ë§ì§ë§ ë§ì± Bí ê°ìŒì ìì°ê²œê³Œ ë° ìíìžìì ëí ë³Žê³ ë ìžêµìë ìì ììŒë êµëŽìë ê±°ì ìë ì€ì ìŽë€. ëêµ°ë€ë ì¡°ì§íì ìŒë¡ íì§ë ë§ì±Bí ê°ìŒíì륌 ëììŒë¡ ì¡°ì§íì ì견ì ë°ë¥ž ìì°ê²œê³Œë¥Œ êŽì°°í ì°êµ¬ë ìì§ êµëŽìë ììë€.
ìŽì 볞 ì°êµ¬ììë ë³µê°ê²œ ì§ìí ê°ì¹šìê²ìŒë¡ ë§ì± Bí ê°ìŒìŒë¡ íì§ë íìë€ ì€ì ë¹êµì ê·ì¹ì ìŒë¡ ì¶ì ìŽ ê°ë¥íìë íì륌 ëììŒë¡ ë§ì± ì§ìì± ê°ìŒ, ê°êµì ꎎì¬ê° ìë ë§ì± íëì± ê°ìŒ, ê°êµì ꎎì¬ê° ìë ë§ì± íëì± ê°ìŒ, ìŽêž° 겜ë³ë³í륌 ëë°í ë§ì± íëì± ê°ìŒì 4ê°ì§ êµ°ìŒë¡ ë¶ë¥íì¬ ê°ê²œë³ìŠ, ë¹ëìì± ê°ê²œë³ìŠ ë° ê°ìì ëì ë°ìíë¥ ì ìì볎ìê³ , ì°ë ¹, ì±, ìŽêž° HBeAg ìì±ì¬ë¶, ì¡°ì§ì견, ALT ë³íì íì 5ê°ì§ ìžìì ëíŽ ìíìžìë¡ìì ì ìì±ì ë¶ìíìë€. ìŽë ALTì ë³íì íì ížì
ì 4ê°ì§ ì íìŒë¡ ì ìíì¬ ë¶ë¥íììŒë©°, 1íì ì¶ì êž°ê° ëŽëŽ ë¹êµì ìì ë ê°ì ì ì§íìë 겜ì°, 2íì ìŽêž°ìë ì
íê° ë°ë³µëë€ê° íêž°ì ìì ëìë 겜ì°, 3íì ìŽêž°ìë ìì ë ê°ì ì ì§íë€ê° íêž°ì ì
íê° ë°ë³µëìë 겜ì°, 4íì ì¶ì êž°ê° ëŽëŽ ì
íê° ë°ë³µëìë 겜ì°ë¡ ì ìíìë€. ëìíìë ìŽ 147ëª
ìŒë¡ ìŽì€ ë§ì± ì§ìì± ê°ìŒìŽ 15ëª
, ê°êµì ꎎì¬ê° ìë ë§ì± íëì± ê°ìŒ 61ëª
, ê°êµì ꎎì¬ê° ìë ë§ì± íëì± ê°ìŒ 46ëª
, ìŽêž° 겜ë³ë³íê° ëë°ë ë§ì± íëì± ê°ìŒìŽ 25ëª
ìŽìë€. ì¶ì êž°ê°ì 24ê°ìë¶í° 15
0ê°ìê¹ì§, íê· 70.8(±25.8)ê°ììŽìë€.
1) ëìíì 147ëª
ì€ ì¶ì êž°ê°ì€ì ê°ê²œë³ìŠìŒë¡ ì§ëšë 겜ì°ë 44ëª
(29.9%)ìŽìê³ , ê°ê²œë³ìŠ ì§ëšìêž°ë íê· 53.6(±24.4)ê°ììŽìë€. 5ë
í ê°ê²œë³ìŠì ëì ë°ìíë¥ ì ë
ìíì ì 첎ë 23%, ë§ì± ì§ìì± ê°ìŒíì 9%, ê°êµì ꎎì¬ê° ìë ë§ì± íëì± ê°ìŒíì 14%, ê°êµì ꎎì¬ê° ìë ë§ì± íëì± ê°ìŒíì 22%, ìŽêž° 겜ë³ë³íê° ëë°ë ë§ì± íëì± ê°ìŒíìë 55%ìë€.
2) ê°ê²œë³ìŠ ë°ìì ìí¥ì 믞ì¹ë ìíìžìë¡ë ì°ë ¹(p<0.01), ì¡°ì§ì견(p<0.001), ALTì ë³íì í(p<0.001)ìŽ ì ìí ìíìžììë€.
3) ì 첎 ëìíììì ì¶ì êž°ê°ì€ì ë¹ëìì± ê°ê²œë³ìŠìŒë¡ ì§ëšë 겜ì°ë 23ëª
(15.6%)ìŽìê³ , ì§ëšìêž°ë íê· 78.3(±22.3)ê°ììŽìë€. 5ë
í ë¹ëìì± ê°ê²œë³ìŠì ëì ë°ìíë¥ ì ëìíì ì 첎ë 5%, ë§ì± ì§ìì± ê°ìŒíì 0%, ê°êµì ꎎì¬ê° ìë ë§ì± íëì± ê°ìŒíì 2%, ê°êµì ꎎì¬ê° ìë ë§ì± íëì±ê°ìŒíì 8%, ìŽêž° 겜ë³ë³íê° ëë°ë ë§ì± íëì± ê°ìŒíìë 6%ìë€.
4) ë¹ëìì± ê°ê²œë³ìŠì ë°ìì ìí¥ì 믞ì¹ë ìíìžìë¡ë ALTì ë³íì íìŽ ì ìí ìíìžììë€(P<0.001).
5) ì¶ì êž°ê°ì€ ê°ê²œë³ìŠìŒë¡ ì§ëšëìë 44ëª
ì íìì€ì ë¹ëìì± ê°ê²œë³ìŠìŒë¡ ì§íëìë 겜ì°ë 23ëª
(52.3%)ìŽììŒë©°, ë°ììêž°ë íê· 35.0(±13.1)ê°ììŽìë€. ê°ê²œë³ìŠ íììì ë¹ëìì±ì ëì ë°ìíë¥ ì ê°ê²œë³ìŠ ì§ëší 1ë
0%, 2ë
9%, 3ë
48%, 4ë
ì 68%ìë€.
6) ì 첎 ëìíìì€ ê°ììŒë¡ ì§ëšë 겜ì°ë 7ëª
(4.8%)ìŽìê³ , ê°ì ì§ëšìêž°ë íê· 72.9(±21 1)ê°ììŽìë€ ê°ì ì§ëšì ì ê°ê²œë³ìŠìŒë¡ ì§ëšëìë íìë ê°ììŽ ë°ìí 7ëª
ì€ 5ëª
(71%)ìŽìë€ 5ë
í ê°ìì ëì ë°ìíë¥ ì ëìíì ì 첎ë 3%, ë§ì± ì§ìì± ê°ìŒíì 0%, ê°êµì ꎎì¬ê° ìë ë§ì± íëì± ê°ìŒíì 4%, ê°êµì ꎎì¬ê° ìë ë§ì± íëì± ê°ìŒíì 0%, ìŽêž° 겜ë³ë³íê° ëë°ë ë§ì± íëì± ê°ìŒíìë 6%ìë€.
7) ê°ìì ë°ìì ìí¥ì 믞ì¹ë ìíìžìë¡ë ì°ë ¹ìŽ ì ìí ìíìžììë€(p<0.05).
ìŽìì ì°êµ¬ê²°ê³Œë¡ ì°ëŠ¬ëëŒ ë§ì± Bí ê°ìŒíìì ìì°ê²œê³Œë¥Œ ë°í ì ìììŒë©°, 5ë
í ê°ê²œë³ìŠì ëì ë°ìíë¥ 23%, ë¹ëìì± ê°ê²œë³ìŠì ëì ë°ìíë¥ 5%, ê°ìì ëì ë°ìíë¥ ì 3%ìê³ , ê°ê²œë³ìŠì ë°ììë ì¡°ì§ì견, ALTì ë³íì í ë° ì°ë ¹ìŽ, ë¹ëìì±
ê°ê²œë³ìŠì ë°ììë ALTì ë³íì íìŽ, ê°ìì ë°ììë ì°ë ¹ìŽ ì ìí ìíìžìë¡ ë¶ìëìŽ ë§ì± Bí ê°ìŒíììì ê°ì¡°ì§ê²ì¬ì¢ ALTì ë³íììì ëí 겜곌êŽì°°ìŽ ìí륌 ììž¡íëë° ì€ìí ê²ìŒë¡ íëšëë€.
[ì묞]
Chronic hepatitis type B is highly-prevalent in Korea. However, few studies about its natural history and prognostic factors have been presented until now. The natural course and long-term prognosis of chronic hepatitis type B varies greatly, and this diversity makes it difficult to predict the clinical course of individual patient. The histologic finding is known to be a important prognostic factor. To evaluate the natural history and prognostic factors of chronic hepatitis type B in Korea, the authors analyzed the clinical courses of 147 patients with clinicopathologically proven chronic hepatitis type B through the long-term follow-up from the time of the initial biopsy. 15 patients had chronic persistent hepatitis(CPH). 61 patients had chronic active hepatitis without bridging necrosis(CAH-BN). 46 patients had chronic hepatitis with bridgiung necrosis(CAH+BN). 25 patients had chronic active hepatitis with early cirrhotic
change(CAH+LC). They were followed for 24 to 150 months(mean 70.8(±25.8)).
The results were as follows;
1. The probability of developing cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis type B was 0%, 2%, 10%, 18%, 23%, 28%, 37%, 49%, 54% in 1 year to 9 years, respectively The 5-year cumulative probability of developing cirrhosis was 9% in CPH, 14% in CAH-BN, 22% in CAH+BN, and 55% in CAH+LC. The significant prognostic factors of developing cirrhosis were age(p<0.01),histology(p<0.001) and changing pattern of ALT(p<0.001).
2. The probability of developing decompensated cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis type B was 0%, 0%, 0%, 1%, 5%, 13%, 17%, 28%, and 32% in 1 year to 9 years, respectively. The significant prognostic factor of developing cirrhosis was changing pattern of ALT. The 3-year cumulative probability of developing decompensated cirrhosis in the patients diagnosed as cirrhosis during the follow-up was 48% .
3. The probability of developing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in chronic hepatitis type B was 0%, 0%, 0%, 1%, 3%, 3%, 6%, 8% and 8% in 1 year to 9 years, respectively. The significant prognostic factor of developing HCC was age.
In conclusion, the results of this study explored the natural history and prognostic factors of chronic hepatitis type B. 5-year cumulative probability of developing cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis and HCC was 23%, 5% and 3%, respectively. Initial histology, age and changing pattern of ALT are significant prognostic factors for the development of cirrhosis. Changing pattern of ALT is a significant prognostic factor for the development of decompensated cirrhosis. Age is a significant prognostic factor for the development of HCC.restrictio
3ì°šì ì 첎 íìì íšìšì ë°°ì¹ ìê³ ëŠ¬ìŠì êŽí ì°êµ¬
íìë
Œë¬ž(ìì¬)--ììžëíêµ ëíì :êž°ê³ì€ê³í곌,1999.Maste
ìë¡ìŽ ë¥ëí ë§ìŽí¬ë¡ ëê°êž°ì ê°ë ì€ê³
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Œë¬ž(ìì¬)--ììžëíêµ ëíì :êž°ê³í공공íë¶,2003.Maste
(The) expression of G1 cyclins and Rb-E2F, and the effect of vitamin E on activated hepatic ste
ìí곌/ë°ì¬[íêž]
ê°ì¬ì íë ë§ì± ê°ì§íì ì§í곌ì ìì ëë°ë ì ìë ë³íì늬íì ì견ìŒë¡ ë§ì± ê°ì§íì ì§í ë° ìíì ê¹ì êŽë šìŽ ìë€. ì¬ì íê° ì§íëë©Ž ê²°êµ ê°ê²œë³ìŠìŒë¡ ì§ííê² ëë¯ë¡ ê°ì¬ì íì ì ëë ë§ì± ê°ì§íì 겜곌ì ìíì ììž¡ì ììŽ ë§€ì° ì€ìí ìžììŽë€.
ì¬ë¬ ê°ì§ ììžì ìíŽ ê°ì±ììží¬ê° íì±íëë©Ž ìží¬ìžêž°ì§ì 죌ìì±ë¶ìž êµìì§ê³Œ ííê·Œì¡íŽì ë°íìŽ ìŠê°ëìŽ ê°ì¬ì ìŠìŽ ì ë°ëë¯ë¡ ê°ì¬ì ìŠì ì°êµ¬ì€ í¹í ê°ì±ììží¬ì íì±íì ëí ì°êµ¬ê° êŽì¬ì ëììŽ ëê³ ìë€. ê°ì±ììží¬ì íì±í ë° ë¹íì±íì
ëí êž°ì ì ìŽíŽíê³ ê°ì¬ì ìŠì ëí ì¹ë£ì ì ê°ë°ì ìíŽìë ì첎 ëŽììì ê°ì±ììží¬ì íì±í 몚ëžì í늜íë ê²ìŽ íìíë€. ê·žë¬ë êžì± ê°ìì íì ê°ì±ììží¬ì íì±íê° ì£Œë¡ ìŽë ìêž°ì ìŽë£šìŽì§ê³ íì±íì êŽë šë ìžìë€ìŽ ì£Œë¡ ìŽë ìêž°ì ë°íëë ì§ë ìì§ë íì€í ìë €ì ž ìì§ ìë€. ê°ì±ììží¬ê° íì±íëë©Ž ìŠìëê° ìŠê°íë©° ë°ëŒì ìží¬ë€ìŽ Sêž°ë¡ì ìŽëìŽ ìŠê°íëë° êžì± ê°ìììì ê°ì±ììží¬ì ìží¬ì£Œêž° ë³íì êŽë šë ìžìë€ì ëí ì°êµ¬ë ë³Žê³ ë ë°ê° ê±°ì ìë€. ëí ëíì ìž íì°íì ìž ë¹í믌 Eê° ê°ì±ììží¬ì íì±í륌 ìµì í ì ìë€ê³ ìë €ì ž ììŒë ì€ì ë¡ ì첎ìì êžì± ê°ììíì ê°ì±ììží¬ììì NF-kB ë° ìží¬ì£Œêž° ë³íì êŽë šë ìžìë€ì 믞ì¹ë ìí¥ì ëíŽìë ìì§ ìë €ì§ ë°ê° ìë€. ìŽì ì ì ë±ì ì¬ìŒííì í¬ì¬ë¡ ì ë°ë êžì± ê°ììì ì첎 몚ëžìì ê°ì±ììží¬ì ìŠìë ë° íì±ëì ìê°ì ë°ë¥ž ë³íì ìŽì êŽë šë ìžìë€ìž cyclin D1, CDK4, cyclin E, CDK2, Rb, E2F-1 ë° NF-kBì ìê°ì ë°ë¥ž ë³í륌 ìŽíŽëŽìŒë¡ìš ê°ì±ììží¬ íì±íì ì첎 몚ëžì í늜íê³ ìží¬ì£Œêž°ì êŽë šë ìžìë€ì ë³í륌 ìì볎ììŒë©° ì°íì± ì€ížë ì€ì ìí ê°ìììì íì°íì ìž ë¹í믌 Eì í¬ì¬ê° ê°
ì±ììží¬ì ìŠìë ë° íì±ëì êŽë šë ìžìë€ì 믞ì¹ë ìí¥ì ììë³Žê³ ì íìë€.
볞 ì°êµ¬ììë Sprague-Dawley ì
ì± í°ì¥ë¥Œ ì¬ì©íììŒë©° 1êµ°ì ëì¡°êµ°ìŒë¡ ì¬ìŒííì륌 ë³µê° ëŽì 1í í¬ì¬íìê³ , 2êµ°ì ì¬ìŒííì í¬ì¬ 2ìŒì ë¶í° í¬ììí¬ ëê¹ì§ ë§€ìŒ ë¹í믌 E륌 ë³µê° ëŽì í¬ì¬íìë€. ë êµ° 몚ë ì¬ìŒííì í¬ì¬ ì ë° í¬ì¬ í 8ìê°, 16ìê°, 32ìê°, 48ìê° ë° 60ìê°ì ê°ê° 5ë§ëŠ¬ì© í¬ìì쌰ìŒë©° ê°ê°ì ìêž°ë§ë€ íì¡ì ì±ì·šíì¬ íì² ALT륌 ìž¡ì íìê³ , ê°ì±ììží¬ì íì±ë륌 볎Ʞ ìíŽ ìí ííê·Œì¡íŽì ë©Žìì¡°ì§íí ìŒìë²ìŒë¡ ìž¡ì íììŒë©° ê°ì±ììží¬ì ìŠìë륌 볎Ʞ ìíŽ [(3)**H]thymidine ê²°í©ì ìž¡ì íìë€. ê°ì±ììží¬ ë° íµì ë¶ëŠ¬íì¬western blotìŒë¡ cyclin D1, CDK4, cyclin E, CDK2 ë° Rb륌, electrophoretic mobility shift assayë¡ E2F-1곌 NF-kB륌 êŽì°°íìë€.
1) ì¬ìŒííìì ìí êžì± ê°ìììì íì² ALTë í¬ì¬ í 32ìê°ì ê°ì¥ ëì ìŠê°ë¥Œ 볎ìëë° ìŽ ìêž°ì ê°ì±ììží¬ì ìŠìë륌 ë°ìíë[(3)**H]thymidine ê²°í©ê³Œ ê°ì±ììží¬ì íì±ë륌 ë°ìíë ìí ííê·Œì¡íŽë ê°ì¥ ëì ìŠê°ë¥Œ 볎ìê³ , íì² ALT, ê°ì±ììží¬ì ìŠìë ë° íì±ë ê°ì ìë¡ ì ìí ìêŽêŽê³ë¥Œ 볎ì¬ì ê°ììì ì ëê° ì¬í ìë¡ ê°ì±ììží¬ì ìŠìë ë° íì±ëê° ìŠê°íšì ì ì ììë€.
2) ê°ì±ììží¬ì ìží¬ì£Œêž° ë³íì êŽë šë ìžìë€ ì€ G1 cyclinsì ê²œì° cyclin D1ì í¬ì¬ í 32ìê°ì cyclin Eë í¬ì¬ í 16, 32, 48ìê°ì ëë ·íê² ë°íëìê³ , cyclin D1 ë° cyclin Eì ê²°í©íì¬ Rb륌 ìžì°íìí€ë G1 CDKìž CDK2ì CDK4ë í¬ì¬ í 16, 32, 48ìê°ì ëë ·í ë°íìŽ êŽì°°ëììŒë©° Rbë í¬ì¬ í 16, 32, 48ìê°ì, ìžì°íë Rbìì ëšìŽì ž ëìš ì ì¬ìžììž E2F-1ì í¬ì¬ í 16, 32ìê°ì ëë ·í ë°íìŽ êŽì°°ëìŽ ì¬ìŒííìì ìí êžì± ê°ììììë 16, 32, 48ìê°ìŽ ê°ì±ììží¬ì ìží¬ì£Œêž° ë³íì êŽë šë ìžìë€ìŽ ê°ì¥ ëë ·íê² ë°íëë ìêž°ìë€.
3) ì¬ìŒííìì ìí êžì± ê°ìììì ìŠê°íê±°ë ë°íëë íì² ALT, ê°ì±ììží¬ì ìŠìë, ê°ì±ììží¬ì íì±ë, cyclin D1, CDK4, cyclin E, CDK2, Rb, E2F-1ì ìŒë šì ë³íë€ìŽ íì°íì ìž ë¹í믌 E륌 í¬ì¬í êµ°ìì ì ìíê² ê°ìíê±°ë ë°íìŽ ìì€ëìê³ , ì°íì± ì€ížë ì€ì ìíŽ íì±íëë©° ìží¬ì ìŠì곌 êŽë šë NF-kBì ë°íë ìµì ëìë€.
ìŽìì ì°êµ¬ê²°ê³Œë¡ ì¬ìŒííì 1í í¬ì¬ë¡ ì ë°ë êžì± ê°ìììì ê°ì±ììží¬ì íì±íì ëí ì첎 몚ëžì í늜í ì ììê³ , ê°ì±ììží¬ì ìží¬ì£Œêž° ë³íì êŽë šë ìžìë€ì ë³í륌 ìŽíŽë³ŽììŒë©° ì°íì± ì€ížë ì€ì ìí ê°ìììì íì°íì ìž ë¹í믌 Eê° ê°ì±
ììží¬ìì NF-kB ë° ìží¬ì£Œêž° ë³íì êŽë šë ìžìë€ì ë°íì ìµì íšì íìží ì ììë€.
[ì묞]
Hepatic fibrosis is closely related with the progression and prognosis of chronic liver disease. Once viewed as a static and irreversible response to chronic injury, fibrosis can now be seen as a dynamic and potentially reversible process. The enlightened perspective results on hepatic fibrosis : (a) characterizing the
components of extracellular matrix (ECM) ; (b) identifying the cell types responsible for ECM accumulation ; (c) establishing the roles of related cytokines ; (d) uncovering the presence of matrix-degrading proteases. Hepa tic stellate cells are a major source of ECM in liver injury. Although the study on the activation of hepatic stellate cells is a subject of interest, it is obscure when the activation of hepatic stellate cells occurs and the expression of its related factors are increased in acute liver injury. Oxygen-derived (roe radicals may play an important role in hepatic injury and vitamin E, antioxidants, is expected to decrease cell injury and prevent hepatic fibrosis. Therefore the purpose of this study was 1? establish the model of hepatic stellate cell activation in acute liver injury and 7? find the possibility of vitamin I for treating hepatic fibrosis. Male
Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The one group received a single injection of CC14 and the other group received injection of vitamin I daily until sacrifice as well as a single injection of CC14. Stellate cells were prepared from rats and nuclei were also prepared. The serial changes of serum ALT,(3H)thymidine uptake, α-SMA, cyclin D1, CDK4, cyclin E, CDK2, Rb, E2F-1,NF-kB were measured.
1) The seria] changes of serum ALT levels, [(3)**H]thymidine uptake, α-SMA positive cells showed maximum increase at 32hr after CC14 injection, which was significantly decreased with administration of vitamin E.
2) Western blot of cyclin D1, CDK4, cyclin E, CDK2 and Rb showed definite band at 16, 32, 48hr after CC14 injection, which were diminished or disappeared with administration of vitamin E :.
3) Electrophoretic mobility shift assay of E2F-1 and NF-kB showed definite band shift at 32hr after CC14 injection, which were diminished or disappeared with administration of vitamin E.
In conclusion, we were able to establish the in vivo-model of hepatic stellate cell activation in acute liver injury and to confirm the inhibiting effect of vitamin I (or NF-kB and the factors related to the change of cell cycle.ope
Study on Possible Changes and Improvement Policies of the Practical Teaching Skill Test of the Examination System for Employing Physical Education Teachers of Secondary School
ìŽ ì°êµ¬ë ì€ë±ì²Žì¡êµì ìì©ìíì ëì ìì
ì€ì°íê°ì ëí 묞ì ì ì íì
íê³ ìì
ì€ì°íê°ì ëí ë³í ê°ë¥ì±ì íìíì¬ ë°ì ì ë°©í¥ì ì ìíëë° ê·ž 목ì ìŽ ìë€. ì°êµ¬ë°©ë²ì ì²Žì¡ ë° êµì¡ë¶ìŒ ì 묞ê°ë€ì ë€ìí ì견ì í©ìíê³ ìë ŽíšìŒë¡ìš ìë¡ìŽ 첎ì¡ê³Œ ìì©ìíì ëì ëí ì ìì ê°ë¥íê² íë ëžíìŽ êž°ë²ì ì¬ì©íìë€. êµì¡íì ê°, êµì¡ì 묞ê°, 첎ì¡íì ê°, 첎ì¡ì ë¬žê° ë±ì ì 묞ê°ë€ìŽ ì€ë±ì²Žì¡êµì ìì©ìíì ëì ìì
ì€ì°íê°ì ëí íì¬ì 묞ì ì ì ë¶ìíê³ ë°ëì§í ê°ì ì ë°©í¥ì ììž¡íìë€. 3ì°šë¡ì ê±žì³ ë°ë³µë ëžíìŽ ì€ë¬žì íµíì¬ ë€ì곌 ê°ì ê²°ë¡ ì ì»ìë€. 첫짞, ìì
ì€ì°íê°ì ëí 구첎ì ìŽê³ ìžë¶ì ìž íê° êž°ì€ê³Œ ì ì°šê° ì°êµ¬ëê³ ê³µê°ë ê²ìŽëŒê³ ììž¡íìë€. ë짞, 첎ì¡êµì¬ë¡ì íìí ìì
ë¥ë ¥ì ëí íê°ê° ìŽë£šìŽì§êž° ìíŽ ì¶©ë¶í ìê°ìŽ ë°°ì ë ê²ìŒë¡ ììž¡íìë€. ì
짞, ìì
ì€ì°íê°ê° ìâ€ëë³ë¡ ëìŒíê² ì ì©íì¬ ìíìë€ìê² íŒì ì ìŽëíë ìŒìŽ ììŽìŒ í ê²ìŒë¡ ììž¡íìë€. ë·ì§ž, êµìì€ìµìŽë ìžíŽ ì ë륌 íµíŽ ìì
ì€ì°íê°ë¥Œ ë첎í ì ìë ë°©ì ê²í ê° ì구ë ê²ìŒë¡ ììž¡íìë€.
This study was intended to provide an institutional improvement plan of the examination system for employing physical education teacher of secondary schools, by grasping problems related to the present practical teaching skill test and researching possible changes of the practical teaching skill test system. A Delphi method of investigation was adopted, which could be suitable for providing a new alternative proposal through converging and embracing various opinions of physical education experts and education experts. Therefore, expert groups, consisted of education administrators, professionals of education, physical education administrators and professionals of physical education, analyzed the current problems of the practical teaching skill test of the examination system for employing physical education teachers of secondary schools and predicted desirable improvement policies. In this way, the followings were concluded on the basis of the Delphi method, which was repeated three times: First, the suggestion is that a concrete and detailed evaluation standards and procedures for practical teaching skill test should be studied and implemented. Second, the suggestion is that sufficient time should be divided in order to evaluate teaching capacity needed for physical education teachers. Third, the suggestion is that the same practical teaching skill test should be conducted in every metropolitan city/province not to make examinees confused. Fourth, the suggestion is that alternative plans to the practical teaching skill test should be discussed, such as student teacher training, internship, etc. Key words: Employment examination system, practical teaching skill test, education administrators, professionals of education, physical education administrators, professionals of physical educatio
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LIGHT EMITTING DIODE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
ì ë°©í¥ìì ê³ ë°ì¬ë륌 ê°ë ë°êŽë€ìŽì€ë ë° ê·ž ì ì¡° ë°©ë²ì ëíì¬ ê°ìíë€. 볞 ë°ëª
ì ë°ë¥ž ë°êŽë€ìŽì€ëë êž°í; ìêž° êž°í ìì ìì°šì ìŒë¡ ìì¹íë ì 1ëì í ì§í묌 ë°ë첎잵, íì±ìžµ, ì 2ëì í ì§í묌 ë°ë첎잵; ìêž° ì 1ëì í ì§í묌 ë°ë첎잵 ìì ìì¹íë nìž¡ ì ê·¹; ë° ìêž° ì 2ëì í ì§í묌 ë°ë첎잵 ìì ìì¹íë pìž¡ ì ê·¹;ì í¬íšíê³ , ìêž° pìž¡ ì ê·¹ì íë ìŽížìžµ; ë° ìêž° íë ìŽížìžµ ìì ìì¹íë ë°ì¬ìžµì í¬íšíë©°, ìêž° íë ìŽížìžµì êžììŒë¡ ëë¬ìžìž ë³µìê°ì ëë
ž í, ìêž° ëë
ž í ëŽë¶ì ìì¹íë ëì ìžµì í¬íšíë€