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    ํ•œ๊ตญ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ƒํ•™์ , ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•™์ , ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ ์กฐ ์œ ๋ฐœ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ง€๊ตฌํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€ ํ•ด์–‘ํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2017. 2. ์ •ํ•ด์ง„.ํ•ด์–‘ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์˜ ์ƒํƒœ, ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๊ธฐ์ƒํ•™์—์„œ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ์ธ ์˜จ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ํ•ด์–‘ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์€ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํฌ์‹์ž-ํ”ผ์‹์ž๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ•ด์–‘ ๋จน์ด๋ง์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ•ด์–‘ ๋‚ด์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์›์†Œ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ, ์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์™€ ๋ถ€์˜์–‘ํ™”๋Š” ํ•ด์–‘์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ƒํ•™์ , ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•™์ , ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค ๊ตฐ์ง‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ƒํ•™์ , ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•™์ , ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์š”์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ ์กฐ ์œ ๋ฐœ ํ•ด์–‘ ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์‹ค๋‚ด ๋ฐฐ์–‘์‹คํ—˜๊ณผ ํ˜„์žฅ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ 1 ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ 2์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์šฐ, ์—ผ๋ถ„, ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์‹๋ฌผํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค ๊ตฐ์ง‘์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ, ๊ด‘์–‘๋งŒ์—์„œ 2011๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2013๋…„ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์‹œํ™”ํ˜ธ์—์„œ 2009๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2011๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งค์›” ์‹œ๋ฃŒ ์ฑ„์ง‘์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ด‘์–‘๋งŒ์—์„œ๋Š” 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20์ผ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ•์šฐ๋Ÿ‰ ํ•ฉ์ด ์—ผ๋ถ„๊ณผ ํฐ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค (p0.05) ์™€ํŽธ๋ชจ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œํ™”ํ˜ธ์—์„œ๋„ 7, 10, 14, 20์ผ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ํ•ฉ์ด ์—ผ๋ถ„๊ณผ ํฐ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค (p<0.05). ๊ฐ ๋…„๋„ ๋ณ„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 2009๋…„๊ณผ 2010๋…„๋„์— ์—ผ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์งˆ์‚ฐ์—ผ(NO3-)์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์™€ํŽธ๋ชจ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ผ๋ถ„๊ณผ ์งˆ์‚ฐ์—ผ์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์Œ์˜ ์„ ํ˜•์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ 2011๋…„์—๋Š” ๊ทœ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์™€ ์†Œํ˜• ํŽธ๋ชจ๋ฅ˜์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์€ํŽธ๋ชจ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ•์šฐ, ์—ผ๋ถ„, ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋†๋„๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์šฐ์  ์‹๋ฌผํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์†Œ์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ 3์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œํ™”ํ˜ธ์—์„œ ์‹ ์ข…์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ Gymnodinium smaydae ์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์˜์–‘ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜๊ณผ ์„ญ์‹ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋จน์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 19์ข…์˜ ๋จน์ด์ข…์ด ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, G. smaydae๋Š” ์œ ๊ฐ (thecate) ์™€ํŽธ๋ชจ๋ฅ˜์ธ Heterocapsa rotundata, Heterocapsa triquetra, Heterocapsa sp., Scrippsiella trochoidea ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์„ญ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. G. smaydae๋Š” tow filament๋กœ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•œ ํ›„์— ์„ญ์‹๊ด€ (peduncle)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์„ญ์‹ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณต๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  Heterocapsa spp. ์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด G. smaydae์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, S. trochoidea๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. G. smaydae ๊ฐ€ 20 โ„ƒ ์˜จ๋„ ์œ ์ง€, 20 ยตE m-2 s-1 ์˜ ๊ด‘๋„๋กœ 14:10 h ๊ด‘-์•” cycle ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์€ were 0.005 d-1์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, H. rotundata์™€ H. triquetra๋ฅผ ๋จน์ด๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์˜์–‘ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.226 d-1์™€ 1.053 d-1์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด G. smaydae ๊ฐ€ H. rotundata์™€ H. triquetra๋ฅผ ๋จน์ด๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์„ญ์‹๋ฅ ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 1.59 ng C grazer-1d-1 ์™€ 0.24 ng C grazer-1d-1 ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ H. rotundata ๋‚˜ H. triquetra ์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ G. smaydae์˜ ๋จน์ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 0.23 h-1 ์™€ 0.02 h-1 ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” G. smaydae๊ฐ€ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋‚˜, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์˜์–‘์„ฑ ์™€ํŽธ๋ชจ๋ฅ˜๋“ค์„ ์„ญ์‹ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ƒ์กด์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์˜์–‘์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์ข…์ž„์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ์ œ 4์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์œ ํ•ด์„ฑ Alexandrium ์†์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ ์ข…๋“ค (A. andersonii, A. affine, and A. fraterculus)์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์˜์–‘ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ micro-beads๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ธ๊ท  (cyanobacteria)์™€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋จน์ด ์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ญ์‹์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ A. andersonii๋Š” ๋จน์ด์ข…์ธ prasinophyte ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” Pyramimonas sp., cryptophyte ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” Teleaulax sp., dinoflagellate ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” Heterocapsa rotundata๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋น„ (immobilize)๋ฅผ ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ๋จน์ด๋กœ ์„ญ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์˜์–‘ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, A. affine ๋‚˜A. fraterculus ๋Š” ๋จน์ด์„ญ์‹์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์˜์–‘ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฒฐํ•๋œ ๋‘ ์ข…๋“ค ์—ญ์‹œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋จน์ด ์ข…๋“ค์„ ๋งˆ๋น„ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์šฉํ•ด (lysis) ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์˜์–‘์€ A. andersonii ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. A. andersonii ๊ฐ€ ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์€ 0.243d-1์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ๋จน์ด์ข… Pyramimons sp.์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜์—ฌ 20 ฮผE m-2 s-1 ์˜ ๊ด‘๋„๋กœ 12์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ด‘/10์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•”์กฐ๊ฑด cycle์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์€ 0.432 d-1์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. A. andersonii ์˜ ๋จน์ด์ข… Pyramimons sp.์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์„ญ์‹๋ฅ ์€ 1.03 ng C predator-1d-1 ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ A. andersonii ์—ญ์‹œ ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜๋งŒ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋“ค์„ ์„ญ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์กด์ „๋žต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์˜์–‘์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋‘ Alexnadirum ์ข…๋“ค๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ถ„๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์›์ƒ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋งˆ๋น„์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์šฉํ•ด์‹œ์ผœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋จน์ด์ข…์ด๋‚˜ ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜ ํก์ˆ˜์— ์ด๋“์„ ์–ป์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” A. andersonii์˜ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์˜์–‘ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ ์กฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ, ์œ ์ง€, ์†Œ๋ฉธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก์— ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ œ 5 ์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ์กฐ ์œ ๋ฐœ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ธ Mesodinium rubrum์˜ ์›์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ ํฌ์‹์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. M. rubrum์„ ํฌ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์›์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 10์ข…์˜ ์ข…์†์˜์–‘์„ฑ ์™€ํŽธ๋ชจ๋ฅ˜์™€ 1์ข…์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฐ ์„ฌ๋ชจ๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ญ์‹ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, Gyrodinium dominans, Luciella masanensis, Oblea rotunda, Polykrikos kofoidii, Strombidium sp. ์ด M. rubrum์„ ์„ญ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ G. dominans ๋งŒ M. rubrum์„ ์„ญ์‹ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฅ ์€ 0.48 d-1 ์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์„ญ์‹๋ฅ ์€ 0.55 ng C predator-1 d-1์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ถœํ˜„ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, G. dominans์˜ M. rubrum์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ๊ฑฐ์œจ์€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ 0.236 h-1์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ G. dominans์˜ ์ถœํ˜„ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” M. rubrum ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋†๋„ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋ฐ ์ ์กฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์™€ ๋ถ€์˜์–‘ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹๋ฌผํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งค์›” ์—ฐ์•ˆ ํ˜„์žฅ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฑ„์ง‘ ํ•œ ํ›„ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ (ํ˜„์žฅ์˜จ๋„+2, +4, and +6 โ„ƒ)๊ณผ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹ (ํ˜„์žฅ๋†๋„์œ ์ง€, ๋ถ€์˜์–‘ํ™”)์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 64๊ฐœ์˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์กฐ๊ฑด ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜ ํ˜„์žฅ๋†๋„์œ ์ง€ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์˜จ์ƒ์Šน์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹๋ฌผํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ผ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค (์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๊ฐ์†Œ, ํ˜น์€ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์—†์Œ). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๋ถ€์˜์–‘ํ™” ์‹œํ‚จ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์˜์–‘์—ผ๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘ ์งˆ์‚ฐ์—ผ ๋Œ€๋น„ ํด๋กœ๋กœํ•„์˜ ์–‘ [nitrate concentration to Chl-a concentration, NCCA, ฮผM (ฮผg L-1)-1] ์ด ์ˆ˜์˜จ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  NCCA๊ฐ€ 1.5 ์ด์ƒ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜์˜จ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‹๋ฌผํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” NCCA ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ์•ˆ ์‹๋ฌผํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ํ˜น์€ ๊ฐ์†Œ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์ธ์ž„์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ์ œ 7์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ 5๊ฐœ ์†Œ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์ ์กฐ ์œ ๋ฐœ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ณ€๋™์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ƒํ•™์ , ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•™์ , ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์ธ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์—ฌ ์œตํ•ฉ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์™€ ๋ถ€์˜์–‘ํ™” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์‹๋ฌผํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์›์ƒ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์–ด์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋จน์ด๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ง๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ด์–‘ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์œ ์šฉ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์งˆ ํ•ด์–‘์ ์กฐ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ์‹คํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ•ด์–‘ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์™€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–ฅํ›„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ด์–‘์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๋ฐ ์˜ˆ์ธก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.The eco-physiology of marine plankton is easily affected by two major meteorological factors, temperature and precipitation. These marine plankton are important components of the basic marine food web with numerous predator-prey pathways, which contribute to diverse and important material cycles (e.g. C, N, and P cycles) under the sea. Moreover, in last several decades, global warming and eutrophication have been thought to be the two most serious environmental problems against marine ecosystems. However, the effects of meteorological, hydrological, and biological factors on natural phytoplankton communities are poorly understood. Thus, in this study, I explored the effects of meteorological, hydrological, and biological factors on eco-physiology of red tide organisms by combining data from both the laboratory incubation experiments and the field works. In chapter 2, to investigate relationships among precipitation, salinity, and nutrients and their effects on phytoplankton communities in Korean coastal waters, I took water samples from Gwangyang Bay in 4 seasons in 2011 to 2013 and from Shiwha Bay every months from 2009 to 2011. In Gwangyang Bay, salinity showed significant negative correlations with sum of 7 to 20 days precipitation (p0.05) in 2013. Under this circumstance, dinoflagellates dominated. Therefore, when NO3 increased due to high precipitation, diatoms dominated, but when NO3 did not increased probably due to relatively low precipitation, dinoflagellates dominated. Similar patterns were observed in Shiwha Bay. From 2009 to 2011, salinity had negative correlations with sum of 7 to 20 days precipitation (p<0.05) and diatoms and small flagellates dominated, while in 2009 and 2010, salinity did not have any correlation with nitrate and dinoflagellates dominated. Therefore, dominant groups of blooms in both bays can be predicted by analyzing data on precipitation, salinity, and nutrient concentrations. In chapter 3, to investigate fast growing strategy of a mixotrophic dinoflagellate feeding on other protists, I conducted diverse feeding experiments with the newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium smaydae isolated from Shiwha Bay. I explored the feeding mechanism and the kinds of prey species that G. smaydae is able to feed on. In addition, I measured the growth and ingestion rates of G. smaydae on optimal and suboptimal algal prey Heterocapsa rotundata and Heterocapsa triquetra as a function of prey concentration. Among the 19 algal prey species offered, G. smaydae ingested only thecate dinoflagellates Heterocapsa rotundata, Heterocapsa triquetra, Heterocapsa sp., and Scrippsiella trochoidea. Among the peduncle-feeding dinoflagellates so far reported, G. smaydae fed on algal prey using a peduncle after anchoring the prey by a tow filament. All Heterocapsa species supported high positive growth of G. smaydae, S. trochoidea only helped in merely maintaining the predator population. The maximum specific growth rates (i.e., mixotrophic growth) of G. smaydae on H. rotundata and H. triquetra were 2.226 d-1 and 1.053 d-1, respectively, at 20 oC under a 14:10 h light-dark cycle of 20 ยตE m-2 s-1, while the growth rates (i.e., phototrophic growth) under the same light conditions without added prey were 0.005 to -0.051 d-1. The maximum ingestion rates of G. smaydae on H. rotundata and H. triquetra were 1.59 ng C grazer-1d-1 and 0.24 ng C grazer-1d-1, respectively. The calculated grazing coefficients for G. smaydae on co-occurring H. rotundata or H. triquetra were up to 0.23 h-1 or 0.02 h-1, respectively The results of this studysuggest that G. smaydae cannot survive only conducting photosynthesis but can survive by feeding other mixotrophic dinoflagellates and have pontential to occur red tides using mixotrophy. In chapter 4, to investigate elevating growth and survival strategy of mixotrophic dinoflagellates by killing or feeding on other protists, I investigated the mixotrophic ability of the harmful dinoflagellates Alexandrium spp. In the present study, whether each of three Alexandrium species (A. andersonii, A. affine, and A. fraterculus) isolated from Korean waters has or lacks mixotrophic ability, was investigated. When diets of diverse algal prey, cyanobacteria, and bacteria sized micro-beads were provided, A. andersonii was able to immobilized and feed on the prasinophyte Pyramimonas sp., the cryptophyte Teleaulax sp., and the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa rotundata, whereas neither A. affine nor A. fraterculus fed on any prey item. However, immobilization and/or lysis effects on other protistan prey species by A. affine and A. fraterculus were observed. Moreover, mixotrophy elevated the growth rate of A. andersonii. The maximum mixotrophic growth rates of A. andersonii on Pyramimons sp. under a 14:10 h light/dark cycle of 20 ฮผE m-2 s-1 was 0.432 d-1, while the autotrophic growth rate was 0.243 d-1. The maximum ingestion rate by A. andersonii of Pyramimons sp. was 1.03 ng C predator-1d-1. Therefore, A. andersonii also donduct mixotrophy as a survival strategy of another nutrient uptake method by immoblzing and ingesting other protistan species and two other alexandrium species also have mechanisms of competition for their survival. Moreover, these evidence suggests that the mixotrophic ability of A. andersonii should be taken into consideration in predicting the outbreak, persistence, and decline of its harmful algal blooms. In chapter 5, to investigate effects of heterotrophic protistan grazers on Mesodinium rubrum, a cosmopolitan ciliate that often causes red tides, I tested whether the 10 heterotrophic dinoflagellates and a ciliate preyed on M. rubrum. The heterotrophic dinoflagellates Gyrodinium dominans, Luciella masanensis, Oblea rotunda, and Polykrikos kofoidii and the naked ciliate Strombidium sp. preyed on M. rubrum. However, only G. dominans had a positive growth feeding on M. rubrum. The maximum growth rate of G. dominans on M. rubrum was 0.48 d-1, while the maximum ingestion rate was 0.55 ng C predator-1 d-1. The grazing coefficients by G. dominans on populations of M. rubrum were up to 0.236 h-1. Thus, G. dominans may sometimes have a considerable grazing impact on populations of M. rubrum. In chapter 6, to explore combined effects of warming and eutrophication on the phytoplankton production in the future, biomass of phytoplankton was monitored after establishing 64 different initial conditions formed by combining 4 different water temperatures (i.e., ambient, +2, +4, and +6 oC) and 2 different nutrient conditions (i.e., non-enriched and enriched) using natural water sampled 8 times at intervals of 1โ€“2 months. Under non-enriched conditions, the effects of temperature elevation on phytoplankton production were inconsistent (i.e., positive, negative, or negligible) irrespective of temperature elevation, whereas under enriched conditions, the effects were all positive. The ratio of initial nitrate concentration to Chl-a concentration [NCCA, ฮผM (ฮผg L-1)-1] mainly determined the directionality of the temperature effect. With a few exceptions, when the NCCA value in the ambient or nutrient-enriched waters was > 1.5, temperature elevation increased phytoplankton production. This study result suggests that the NCCA value is the critical factor affecting coastal phytoplankton production in periods of global warming. Through the present study chages in phytoplankton community and dominant red-tide dynamics were approached from metrological, hydrological, biological perspectives. In addition, accelerated global warming and eutrophication were pointed out to be associated with the present day changes in phytoplankton production and protistan community composition. These environmental problems and the ecological responses by plankton communities are directly linked to fishery, aquaculture, and human food chains. Therefore this study results will be useful to better understand the current healthiness of marine ecosystem and also extend further to predict on the future marine ecosystems.Chapter 1. Overall introduction 1 Chapter 2. Precipitation select red tide caustative phytoplankton group: serial correlations of precipitation, salinity, nitrate, and dominant phytoplankton 13 Chapter 3. Elevating growth rate strategy of the newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium smaydae by acquiring nutrients from feeding 44 Chapter 4. Survival strategies of the toxic dinoflagellates Alexandrium andersonii, A. affine, and A. fraterculus by killing and/or feeding other protists 92 Chapter 5. Predation by common heterotrophic protists on the mixotrophic red-tide ciliate, Mesodinium rubrum 140 Chapter 6. Nutrient conditions altering effects of warming on phytoplankton production in coastal waters 168 Chapter 7. Overall discussion 197 Bibliography 207 Abstract in Korean 240Docto

    ไบกๅฎค่กŒ๏งบ้กž ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    The subject of this essay is women"s Haengjang and Yusa(้บไบ‹) written by their husbands in Joseon Dynasty. Haengjang, records of a dead person"s life, has been devaluated compared with Myojimyong(ๅข“่ชŒ้Š˜) or Jemun(็ฅญๆ–‡), because it has been regarded as less important than Myojimyong or Jemun as literary writing. The object of this essay is to reconsider the value of women"s Haengjang written by their husbands. Of course, women"s Haengjang written by their husbands is attribute of normative writing that expresses her as an ideal women. However, it is also attribute of giving more various informations about wives" daily lives in traditional society compared with Myojimyong, and sometimes expressing husbands" real feeling on their wives. Key Words : wife, Haengjang(่กŒ๏งบ), Yusa(้บไบ‹), Myojimyong(ๅข“่ชŒ้Š˜) * Lecturer, Faculty of Liberal Education, Seoul National Universit

    A study on the spatial-resolution evaluation techniques for a digital X-ray imaging system by measuring modulation

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    ์˜๊ณตํ•™์ „๊ณต/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ X-์„  ์˜์ƒ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ™”์งˆ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ์ง€ํ‘œ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ํ•ด์ƒ๋„(spatial resolution)๋ฅผ ๋ณ€์กฐ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์ˆ˜(modulation transfer function; MTF)์˜ ์ธก์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณ€์กฐ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ธก์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—๋Š” ์ง๊ฒฝ 10 mm์˜ pinhole์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•, ํญ 10 mm์˜ slit์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•, edge ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ํŽœํ†ฐ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตฌํ˜•ํŒŒํ˜• ์ฐจํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๋ณ€์กฐ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜์ƒํš๋“์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ X-์„  ์˜์ƒ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ X-์„ ๊ด€(60 kVp, 5 mA), 96x96 mm2 ํ”ฝ์…€ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ CMOS ๊ด‘์„ผ์„œ, 100 mm ๋‘๊ป˜์˜ CsI(Tl) ์‹ ํ‹ธ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ, ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํšŒ๋กœ, ์˜์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์šฉ GUI console ๋“ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ํš๋“๋œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ X-์„  ์˜์ƒ data๋Š” darkness์™€ brightness ๊ต์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ(preprocessing) ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, raw data์™€ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ data๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€์กฐ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๋ณ€์กฐ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜(spatial frequency)๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 10% MTF ๊ฐ’์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ํ•ด์ƒ๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ธก์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋Œ€๋žต 1.8 - 2.2 LP/mm ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ raw data์™€ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋œ data๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๋ณ€์กฐ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ X-์„  ์˜์ƒ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€์กฐ์ „๋‹ฌํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์˜๋ฃŒ์˜์ƒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ•ด์ƒ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]In this study, we have evaluated the spatial resoultion of a digital X-ray imaging system by measuring modulation transfer function (MTF). In MTF measurements we used four different methods using a pinhole of a 10 mm diameter, a slit of a 10 mm width, a edge test phantom, and a line test pattern, and compared each result for comparison. The digital X-ray imaging system we tested consists of a conventional X-ray generator (60 kVp, 5 mA), a CMOS photosensor of a 96x96 mm2 pixel size, a CsI(Tl) scintillator of a 100 mm thickness, a readout board for signal processing, and a GUI console for image processing. The acquired digital X-ray image data were postprocessed with a dark and bright correction process, and both the raw and the corrected image data were used to calculate corresponding MTF curves. The resulting MTF curves, as expected, decreased gradually with spatial frequency, and the spatial frequencies at the 10% MTF value were in the range of 1.8-2.2 LP/mm, depending on the used techniques, with a discrepancy of about 10%. In addition, the MTF curves were almost identical for the raw and corrected data.We hope this study will be helpful for the MTF measurements of similar digital X-ray imaging systems in the future.ope

    ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ณ‘์น˜๋œ ํ’๊ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ํ•œ์„ฑ ํ‘œํ˜„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์„œ์–‘ํ™”๊ณผ, 2015. 2. ์œค๋™์ฒœ.๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ฃฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์œ ํ•œํ•จ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ํ•˜๋Š˜, ๋ฐ”๋‹ค, ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์–ธ์ œ๊นŒ์ง€๋‚˜ ๊ณ„์† ์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋งŒ์ด ์งง์€ ์ƒ์„ ๋งˆ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฃฝ์–ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์šด๋ช…์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋น„๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ ˆ๋ง์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๊ปด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž์—ฐ์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ฉธ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์กด์žฌ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ•จ์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•”์‹œํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ์œ ๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋Œ€๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ’๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ํ•œ ํ™”๋ฉด ์•ˆ์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ’๊ฒฝํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ™”๋ฉด ์•ˆ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋Œ€๋น„์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชฉํƒ„๊ณผ ์œ ํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์  ์ฐจ์ด์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋น„, ๋ฌด์ฑ„์ƒ‰๊ณผ ์œ ์ฑ„์ƒ‰์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋Œ€๋น„, ๋ฐ”๋‹ค, ํ•˜๋Š˜, ๋Œ€์ง€ ๋“ฑ ์ž์—ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ช…, ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์œ ํ•œ์„ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ฝํ˜€ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋Œ€๋น„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ด์ƒ๊ณผ ํ˜„์‹ค, ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ, ์˜์›๊ณผ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๋“ฑ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ธ์€ ํ™”๋ฉด ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์ž ์–‘ ๊ทน์˜ ์ ˆ์ถฉ์ง€์ ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž€๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋น„๋˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๊ฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ™˜๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๋‚ฏ์„ค๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋˜ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณธ์ธ์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„์—์„œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•ด ๊ฐ”์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์•ˆ์— ์ธ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์˜ค๋ ค๋ถ™์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์„œ๋กœ ์„ž์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ˆ˜๋™์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์ต๋ช…์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์œ„์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€ ์ง“๊ณ , ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ ค๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์ž์—ฐ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ธ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋Œ€๋น„์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋ฌผ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์•„์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์ธ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋šœ๋ ท์ด ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์— ํ•ฉ์ผํ•˜์—ฌ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ƒ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋‘ก๊ณ  ์ฐจ๊ฐ€์šด ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ํž˜์„ ์ผ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ž์—ฐ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์นœํ™”์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๊ทธ ์œ„์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹œ์ผœ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‚ถ์˜ ์œ ํ•œ์„ฑ์„ ์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ’๊ฒฝํ™”๋“ค๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋ณ„๋˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ•œ ์กด์žฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์‚ถ์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋กœ์„œ ๋•€ ํ˜๋ ค ์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ž์—ฐ์— ์ˆœ์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ , ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์ถฉ์‹คํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์  ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์ธ์€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์„œ์‚ฌ์— ๋”์šฑ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์•ˆ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ถ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€์†ํ•ด ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ „๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.I. ์„œ๋ก  --------------------------------- 1 II. ์‚ถ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ 1. ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ ํ•œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์šด๋ช…๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ -------------- 4 2. ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์˜ ํž˜์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ --------------- 5 3. ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‚ถ์˜ ๋น„์œ ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝํ™” -------------- 9 III. ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ฑ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 1. ์ˆ˜๋™์  ํƒœ๋„- ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„ํ˜•์„ฑ ----------- 15 2. ์ ๊ทน์  ๊ฐœ์ž…์˜์ง€ ------------ 19 3. ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜์  ํƒœ๋„ ------------------ 25 IV. ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณ‘์น˜ 1. ๋ณ‘์น˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ -------- ---- 32 2. ์†Œ๊ฒฉํšจ๊ณผ -------------------- 39 3. ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ™”๋ฉด ------------------- 43 V. ๋Œ€๋น„ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„๋ฐฉ์‹ 1. ๊ตฌ์ƒ์„ฑ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ- ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์  ์ž์—ฐ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ์™€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ์ธ๋ฌผํ‘œํ˜„ ----- 46 2. ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํšจ๊ณผ ------------------ 48 3. ํ™”๋ฉด์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ, ๊ตฌ๋„, ํ˜•ํƒœ ------------------ 50 VI. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  -------------------- 53 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ๋ชฉ๋ก ------------------- 56 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ------------------- 58 Abstract ------------------------- 60Maste

    Love Conflict in the Hajinyangmunnok and the Self-censorship of the Female Reader

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    2010๋…„ ๊ฐ€์„ KBS์—์„œ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ฐฉ์˜๋œ ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ (์ดํ•˜ )์€ ๋‚จ์žฅ์—ฌ์ž(็”ท่ฃ๏ฆๅญ)๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜์›…์†Œ์„ค์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ํ™”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ์ ๊ทน ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ณ ์ „๋ฌธํ•™ ์ „๊ณต์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ๋„ ๋‚จ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ชจ์•˜๋˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด๋‹ค. ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์—ฌ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์ด ๋‚จ์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์„ฑ๋ณ„ํ™”๋œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ธ ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ด€์—์„œ ํ™œ์•ฝํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์„ค์ • ์™ธ์—๋„, ๋ชฐ๋ฝํ•œ ์ง‘์•ˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ, ์™•์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ๊ตฌ๋„, ๋‚จ๋…€ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Š‘ํ˜ผ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜์›…์†Œ์„ค์˜ ๋‚ฏ์ต์€ ๊ณต์‹๋“ค์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ“จ์ „์‚ฌ๊ทน ๊ณ„์—ด์˜ ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜์›…์†Œ์„ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ „์„ ๋ฌธํ™”์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋กœ ์ ๊ทน ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์€ ๋‚จ์žฅ์—ฌ์ž ๊น€์œค์‹์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต๋‹ด์ผ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์žฌ์ž๊ฐ€์ธ(ๆ‰ๅญไฝณไบบ) ๋‚จ๋…€์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์˜ ์ž…์‹ (๏งท่บซ)๊ณผ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋ฐœํœ˜๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋‚จ์žฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋น„๋ฐ€์ด ๋‚จ๋…€์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์˜ ์• ์ •์ „์„ ์— ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ํฅ๋ฏธ์š”์†Œ์ด๋‹ค. TV๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ์™€ ์›์ž‘์†Œ์„ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚จ๋…€์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์˜ ์• ์ •๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด ์„œ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ํฐ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ, ์€ ๊ทธ ์†Œ์žฌ์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜์›…์†Œ์„ค๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. This article aims to re-examine the characteristics of the main male and female character of the Hajinyangmunnok. It also attempts to re-asses the meaning of the conflict surrounding their love. Previous studies on Korean heroine novels have tended to focus on the heroic actions and internal anguish of the main female character. However, it is argued that, in the case of the Hajinyangmunnok, the main focus of the story is the love struggle between the two main characters. Therefore, Hajinyangmunnok should be regarded, above all, as a romance novel. The fact that it is the hero character that is willing to do everything to obtain the love of one woman is also pointed out. It should be stressed that this type of character is rare in Korean novels of the Joseon period. Based on an examination of the above, it is argued that the love conflict which appears in Hajinyangmunnok should be approached as a kind of self-censorship by upper class females who represented the main readership of the novel. Since upper class females were the most sexually oppressed group of the late Joseon period, it is maintained that the authors and readers of the romance novels had to regulate expressions regarding love according to the universally accepted limits of the time. In this context, the love conflict between the male and female character can be regarded as representing the conflict between love-lust and sexual morality which existed within the mind of the upper class female reader.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2007๋…„ ์ •๋ถ€(๊ต์œก๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ถ€)์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„(NRF-2007-361-AL0016)

    Response by phytoplankton and heterotrophic protists collected from Shiwha Bay, Korea in cold seasons to water temperature increase

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ง€๊ตฌํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€, 2012. 2. ์ •ํ•ด์ง„.ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ € ์ˆ˜์˜จ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค๊ณผ ์›์ƒ๋™๋ฌผํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์˜จ์ƒ์Šน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜„์žฅ๋ฌผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹ค๋‚ด ๋ฐฐ์–‘์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2010๋…„ 11์›”๊ณผ 2011๋…„ 3์›”์— ์‹œํ™”ํ˜ธ์—์„œ ์ฑ„์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ 18๊ฐœ์˜ 10L ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์— ๊ท ๋“ฑํžˆ ๋ถ„์ฃผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฅ์˜จ๋„, ํ˜„์žฅ์˜จ๋„๋ณด๋‹ค 2โ„ƒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  6โ„ƒ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์‹ค์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋™์‹œ์— ์˜์–‘์—ผ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 9๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์™€ ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ 3๊ฐœ์”ฉ ํ˜„์žฅ์ˆ˜์˜จ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์–‘์‹ค์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์™€ ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ 3๊ฐœ์”ฉ์„ ํ˜„์žฅ์ˆ˜์˜จ๋ณด๋‹ค 2โ„ƒ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์–‘์‹ค์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์™€ ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ 3๊ฐœ์”ฉ์„ ํ˜„์žฅ์ˆ˜์˜จ๋ณด๋‹ค 6โ„ƒ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์–‘์‹ค์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 15์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ๋งค์ผ 300ml์˜ ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ง‘ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹๋ฌผํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค๊ณผ ์›์ƒ๋™๋ฌผํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ํด๋กœ๋กœํ•„๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์—ผ(NO2+NO3, NH4, PO4, SiO2)์˜ ๋†๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2010๋…„ 11์›” 29์ผ์— ์ฑ„์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ•ด์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” 6.7โ„ƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 6.7โ„ƒ, 8.7โ„ƒ, 12.7โ„ƒ์˜ ์˜จ๋„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜จ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํด๋กœ๋กœํ•„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜จ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ํด๋กœ๋กœํ•„์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜์–‘์—ผ์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์˜จ์ด 2โ„ƒ ์ƒ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํด๋กœ๋กœํ•„ ๋†๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‚˜, 6โ„ƒ ์ƒ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. 2011๋…„ 3์›”์— ์ฑ„์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ•ด์ˆ˜์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” 4.3โ„ƒ์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 4.3โ„ƒ, 6.3โ„ƒ, 10.3โ„ƒ์˜ ์˜จ๋„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜จ๋„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ํด๋กœ๋กœํ•„์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ํด๋กœ๋กœํ•„์˜ ๋†๋„๋„ ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜จ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ํด๋กœ๋กœํ•„์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ํด๋กœ๋กœํ•„์˜ ๋†๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜์–‘์—ผ์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์˜์–‘์—ผ์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ํ˜„์žฅ์ˆ˜์˜จ์ธ 4.3โ„ƒ์ผ ๋•Œ 2โ„ƒ์™€ 6โ„ƒ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๋ฉด ํด๋กœ๋กœํ•„ ๋†๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. 2ํšŒ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์‹๋ฌผํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์˜ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ์ค‘ ๊ทœ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2010๋…„ 11์›”์—๋Š” Chaetoceros spp., Skeletonema costatum, Thalassiosira spp.๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 6.7โ„ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทœ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ 8.7โ„ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด 12.7โ„ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” 6.7โ„ƒ์™€ 8.7โ„ƒ์—์„œ ๊ทœ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, 12.7โ„ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šฐ์ ํ•˜์˜€๋˜ S. costatum์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ์ด ๊ทœ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ € ์ˆ˜์˜จ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ˆ˜์˜จ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์„ (i.e. 2โ„ƒ) ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” S. costatum์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ˆ˜์˜จ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํด (i.e. 6โ„ƒ) ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. 2010๋…„ 11์›”์— ์ฑ„์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ•ด์ˆ˜์—์„œ Prorocentrum minimum, Heterocapsa triquetra, Heterocapsa rotundata๊ฐ€ ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์™€ํŽธ๋ชจ๋ฅ˜ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ์ค‘ ์šฐ์ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 6.7โ„ƒ์—์„œ P. minimum์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, 8.7โ„ƒ์™€ 12.7โ„ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์—์„œ์˜ P. minimum ๋ฐ€๋„๋„ ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์—์„œ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋” ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ H. triquetra์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์™€ ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜จ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ € ์ˆ˜์˜จ์—์„œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜์˜จ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฐ€๋„ ๊ฐ’์ด ๋” ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ € ์ˆ˜์˜จ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ˆ˜์˜จ์ƒ์Šน์€ P. minimum์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋‚˜, H. triquetra์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. 2011๋…„ 3์›”์— ์ฑ„์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ•ด์ˆ˜์—์„œ๋Š” Heterocapsa triquetra, Heterocapsa rotundata๊ฐ€ ๊ด‘ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์™€ํŽธ๋ชจ๋ฅ˜ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ์ค‘ ์šฐ์ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์™€ ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜จ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ H. triquetra์™€ H. rotundata๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ € ์ˆ˜์˜จ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ˆ˜์˜จ์˜ ์ƒ์Šน์€ H. triquetra์™€ H. rotundata์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. 2010๋…„ 11์›”์— ์ฑ„์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ•ด์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์ข…์†์˜์–‘์„ฑ ์™€ํŽธ๋ชจ๋ฅ˜์ธ Pfiesteria piscicida์™€ Pfiesteria ์œ ์‚ฌ์ข… (PLD), Amphidinium longum, Protoperidinium bipes๊ฐ€ ์›์ƒ๋™๋ฌผํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ์ค‘ ์šฐ์ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์™€ ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜จ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ PLD ๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋Š” 12.7โ„ƒ์ผ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์™€ ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ A. longum์™€ P. bipes์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ € ์ˆ˜์˜จ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ˆ˜์˜จ์ด 12.7โ„ƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— PLD ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, A. longum์™€ P. bipes์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. 2011๋…„ 3์›”์— ์ฑ„์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ•ด์ˆ˜์—์„œ๋Š” PLD์™€ ๋ฌด๊ฐ ์„ฌ๋ชจ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์›์ƒ๋™๋ฌผํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ์ค‘ ์šฐ์ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์™€ ์˜์–‘์—ผ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์šฉ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜จ๋„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ PLD์™€ ๋ฌด๊ฐ ์„ฌ๋ชจ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ € ์ˆ˜์˜จ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ˆ˜์˜จ์ด 10.3โ„ƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— PLD์™€ ๋ฌด๊ฐ ์„ฌ๋ชจ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์ € ์ˆ˜์˜จ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ˆ˜์˜จ์ด 6โ„ƒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ด ํด๋กœ๋กœํ•„์˜ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— 2โ„ƒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ข… ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ 2โ„ƒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— S. costatum์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, 6โ„ƒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ด‘์˜์–‘์„ฑ ์™€ํŽธ๋ชจ๋ฅ˜์ธ P. minimum์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ์ˆ˜์˜จ์ด 6โ„ƒ ์ƒ์Šนํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ฐ€๋„ ๊ฐ’๋„ ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œํ™”ํ˜ธ์—์„œ 6โ„ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์˜จ์ƒ์Šน์€ S. costatum๋ณด๋‹ค P. minimum ์— ๋” ํ˜ธ์˜์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด 2010๋…„์— ์ˆ˜์˜จ์ด 6โ„ƒ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ PLD์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ 2011๋…„์—๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์˜จ๋„์กฐ๊ฑด ์™ธ์— ๋จน์ด์˜ ๋†๋„ ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด PLD ๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ € ์ˆ˜์˜จ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— 6โ„ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์˜จ์ƒ์Šน์€ ์‹๋ฌผํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค๊ณผ ์›์ƒ๋™๋ฌผํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค์˜ ์ข… ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.I investigated responses by phytoplankton and heterotrophic protists collected from Shiwha Bay, Korea in the cold seasons to water temperature increase. Water samples were collected in November 2010 and March 2011 and distributed eighteen 10-liter incubation bottles. To explore nutrient effects simultaneously, I added nutrients to nine bottles, while I did not add nutrients to the rest bottles. Three enrichment bottles and three non-enrichment bottles were placed a incubation chamber maintaining the temperature at the time when the water samples were collected. Another 3 enrichment and 3 non-enrichment bottles were placed in another chamber maintaining a temperature 2โ„ƒ higher than in-situ temperature, and the other 3 enrichment and 3 non-enrichment bottles were placed in the other chamber maintaining a temperature 6โ„ƒ higher than in-situ temperature. I took 300-ml aliquotes from each bottles on the daily basis for 15 days and then analyzed the abundances of phytoplankton and heterotrophic protists, chlorophyll concentration, the concentrations of nitrate+nitrite, ammonia, phosphate, and silicate. The water temperature in November 29, 2010 was 6.7โ„ƒ, and thus I established 6.7โ„ƒ, 8.7โ„ƒ, and 12.7โ„ƒ for the target temperatures. In the non-enrichment bottles, the chlorophyll concentrations in these 3 different temperatures did not markedly change with increasing elapsed incubation time. However, in the enrichment bottles, the chlorophyll concentrations at all 3 different temperatures. Furthermore, the magnitude of the increase at 12.7โ„ƒ was considerably greater than that at 6.7โ„ƒ or 8.7โ„ƒ. This evidence suggests that non-enrichment conditions and the 2โ„ƒ elevation of in situ temperature, 6.7โ„ƒ, may not affect the chlorophyll concentration, while the 6โ„ƒ elevation may affect it. The water temperature in March 5, 2011 was 4.3โ„ƒ, and thus I established 4.3โ„ƒ, 6.3โ„ƒ, and 10.3โ„ƒ for the target temperatures. In the non-enrichment bottles, the chlorophyll concentrations in these 3 different temperatures increased with increasing elapsed incubation time. The magnitude of the increase at the higher temperature was considerably greater than that at the lower temperature. Similarly, in the enrichment bottles, the chlorophyll concentrations at all 3 temperatures increased. The magnitude of the increase at the higher temperature was considerably greater than that at the lower temperature. This evidence suggests that under both non-enrichment and enrichment conditions, both 2โ„ƒ and 6โ„ƒ elevation of in situ temperature, 4.3โ„ƒ, may affect the chlorophyll concentration. Diatoms dominated the phytoplankton assemblages in these two experiments. Skeletonema costatum, Chaetoceros spp., and Thalassiosira spp. were the dominant diatom species in the experiment of November 2010. In the non-enrichment bottles, with increasing elapsed incubation time, the abundance of total diatoms did not change at 6.7โ„ƒ, but the abundance clearly increased at 8.7โ„ƒ, while that decreased at 12.7โ„ƒ. In the enrichment bottles, the abundance of total diatoms at 6.7โ„ƒ and 8.7โ„ƒ increased, whereas the abundance at 12.7โ„ƒ increased and then decreased. The abundance of S. costatum, the most dominant species, had a pattern similar to that of total diatoms. This evidence suggests that the small water temperature elevation (i.e. 2โ„ƒ) may increase the abundance of the cold water populations of S. costatum, whereas the large water temperature elevation (i.e. 6โ„ƒ) may lower or may not affect them. In the water samples collected in November 2010, Heterocapsa rotundata, Heterocapsa triquetra, and Prorocentrum minimum were the dominant phototrophic dinoflagellates. In the non-enrichment bottles, with increasing elapsed incubation time, the abundance of Prorocentrum minimum did not change at 6.7โ„ƒ, but the abundance clearly increased at 8.7โ„ƒand 10.7โ„ƒ. In the enrichment bottles, the trend in the abundance of P. minimum was similar to that in the non-enrichment bottles, but the magnitude of the increase enrichment bottles was greater than that in non-enrichment bottles. However, in both non-enrichment and enrichment bottles, te abundance of Heterocapsa triquetra decreased at all 3 different temperature. In particular, the magnitude of the decrease at the higher temperature was greater than that at the lower temperature. This evidence suggests that a water temperature elevation may increase the abundance of the cold water populations of P. minimum, while that may lower the abundance of the cold water populations of H. triquetra. In the water samples collected in March 2011, H. rotundata and H. triquetra were the dominant phototrophic dinoflagellates. In both non-enrichment and enrichment bottles, with increasing elapsed incubation time, the abundance of H. rotundata and H. triquetra decreased at all temperature. This evidence suggests that a water temperature increase may not affect or lower the abundance of the cold water populations of H. rotundata and H. triquetra. In the water samples collected in November 2010, the heterotrophic dinoflagellates Amphidinium longum, Pfiesteria piscicida and Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates (hereafter PLDs), and Protoperidinium bipes were the dominant heterotrophic protists. In the non-enrichment bottles, with increasing elapsed incubation time, the abundance of PLDs did not change at all 3 different temperatures. However, in the enrichment bottles, the abundance of PLDs increased only at 12.7โ„ƒ. In both non-enrichment and enrichment bottles, with increasing elapsed incubation time, the abundance of A. longum and P. bipes decreased. This evidence suggests that a water temperature increase up to 12.7โ„ƒ may increase the abundance of the cold water populations of PLDs, but may not affect that of A. longum and P. bipes. In the water samples collected in March 2011, PLDs and naked ciliates were the dominant heterotrophic protists. In both non-enrichment and enrichment bottles, with increasing elapsed incubation time, the abundances of PLDs and naked ciliates decreased at all 3 different temperatures. This evidence suggests that a water temperature increase up to 10.3โ„ƒ may not affect that of PLDs and ciliates. Based on the results of the present study, I concluded that the water temperature elevation of 6โ„ƒ clearly increased the chlorophyll concentrations of the cold season populations of phytoplankton, whereas the water temperature elevation of 2โ„ƒ sometimes increased. At the species level, the abundance of the diatom S. costatum at the 2โ„ƒ elevation increased, but the abundance at the 6โ„ƒ elevation decreased or did not change. However, the abundance of the phototrophic dinoflagellate P. minimum increased at the 2โ„ƒ increase, and furthermore the abundance also increased with a greater magnitude. Thus, 6โ„ƒ water temperature increase in Shiwha Bay may give a favor for P. minimum over S. costatum. Additionally, water temperature elevation by 6โ„ƒ in 2010 increased the abundance of PLDs, but the elevation in 2011 did not clear increased it. This evidence suggests that factors other than temperature such as prey concentrations may affect the variation in the abundance of PLDs. Therefore, water temperature elevation by 6โ„ƒ may give differential effects on the cold season populations of the phytoplankton and heterotrophic protists at the species level.Maste

    The Problem of Recording Shamanistic Epics and the Possibility of Translation - With Focus on the Princess Bari' Epic -

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    ์ธ๋ฌธํ•™์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์šด์šดํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ช‡ ํ•ด ์ „, ์–ด๋–ค ์ธ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋Š” ์ง€์  ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด๋ž€ ์ ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ฌธํ•™์€ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ ์ดํ›„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์ž˜ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ž์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์–ธ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ํ•œ๊ธ€ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ํ™•๋ณด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„๊ด€์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์„œ์–‘์˜ ๊ณ ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์ด ์–‘์ ์œผ๋กœ๋‚˜ ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ง€์  ์ž์› ํ™•์ถฉ์ด 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ๋„ ์ง„์ž‘์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌ์—…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์ˆ˜์‹ ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๊ธฐํšํ•œ ใ€Ž์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ณ ์ „ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์„ ์ฐพ์•„์„œใ€๋Š” ๊ณ ์ „ ์ฝ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ต์œกํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ณ ์ „ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ฝํ˜€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์ธ ๋™์‹œ์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•™๊ณ„์— ๋ฒˆ์—ญ ๋น„ํŒ์˜ ํ’ํ† ๋ฅผ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์‹คํ—˜์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ „ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๊ฐ์€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณ ์ „ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐํš์ด ๋ถ€์ฉ ๋งŽ์•„์ง„ ๋ฐ์„œ๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์ด ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช…์ €๋ฒˆ์—ญ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ณ ์ „๋ฌธํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ๋ฒ ๊ฐœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ „100์„ , ๋ฌธํ•™๋™๋„ค ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณ ์ „๋ฌธํ•™์ „์ง‘, ๊ทœ์žฅ๊ฐ ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณ ์ „์ด์„œ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ ๊ณ ์ „ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘์€ ๊ธฐํš์ด ์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•™๊ณ„ ์•ˆํŒŽ์—์„œ ๊ณ ์ „ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ์˜ ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ ๋‚˜ ํ• ๊นŒ? The aim of this article is to critically examine previous ways in which shamanistic epics have been recorded and complied, and to consider the need to include the act of translation in this process. In order to do so, I first discuss whether the shamanistic epic - being, after all, a Korean text - may be regarded as requiring translation. Then, using the example of the Princess Bari epic, which is the most widely recorded and studied of the shamanistic epics, I examine how useful previous recording methods have actually been in furthering our understanding of this shamanistic epic. Finally, I refer to the debate on literal vs liberal translation in exploring possible difficulties which may be experienced in translating shamanistic epics, given that they are orally transmitted texts

    General issues and a new way of writing women`s literary history

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ตญ์–ด๊ตญ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋ฌธํ•™์ „๊ณต,2004.Docto

    A Study of Taegyoshingi in Relation to the Nature vs. Nurture Debate : Comparing Traditional Taegyo Theory and Modern Genetics

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    ๋ณธ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ „ํ†ต ํƒœ๊ต๋ก  ๋ฐ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์œ ์ „ํ•™๊ณผ์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํƒœ๊ต์‹ ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํƒœ๊ต ๋ฐ ํƒœ์•„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์— ์œ ์ „ํ•™์ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์œ ๊ต์˜ ์ „ํ†ต ํƒœ๊ต ๊ด€๋…์ด ์ „์ œํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ์•„๊ธฐ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์€ ์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ-์–‘์œก ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ์ „์ œํ•œ ์„ ์ฒœ์  ๋Œ€ ํ›„์ฒœ์ ์ด๋ž€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝํ•ญ์˜ ์„ค์ • ์ž์ฒด์— ๊ท ์—ด์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ ์—์„œ ํƒœ๊ต ๊ด€๋…์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ก ํ™”ํ•œ ํƒœ๊ต์‹ ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € 2์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํƒœ๊ต์‹ ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํƒœ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ์„œ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ-์–‘์œก ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ด๋‚˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์œ ์ „ํ•™์ด ์ด๋ฃฌ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ๋งž๋‹ฟ์•„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋…ผ์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํƒœ๊ต์‹ ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํƒœ์•„๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ณ€์ ์ธ ์กด์žฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ํƒœ๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ๋‹จ๋‹จํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ํƒœ์•„๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹ฌ์„ฑ ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ์ถœ์ƒ ์ดํ›„์— ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค. ํƒœ์•„๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ถํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ, ์ถœ์ƒ ์ดํ›„ ๊ต์œก์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ด์ž ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 3์žฅ๊ณผ 4์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ โ€ค์œ ์ „ํ•™์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—๋„ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋„๋•์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์น˜์ค‘ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์œ ๊ต ์ธ์„ฑ๋ก ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํƒœ๊ต๋ก ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋‚จ๋ฐฉ์ธ๊ณผ ๋ถ๋ฐฉ์ธ์˜ ๋น„๊ต, ์Œ๋‘ฅ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ ๋“ฑ์€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ธ๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€๋ชฉ๋“ค์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ฒด ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ตฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์— ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์จ ํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์  ์ธก๋ฉด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํƒœ ์ž์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํ˜น์€ ์œ ์ „ํ•™์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹์„ ๋ฐฐํƒœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ๋„ ์˜ ํ•™์ˆ ์ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Š” ์œ ์ „์  ์ž์งˆ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํƒœ ์ž์ฒด์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋„๋•์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์น˜์ค‘ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์œ ๊ต ์ธ์„ฑ๋ก ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „ํ†ต ํƒœ๊ต๋ก ๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋œ๋‹ค.Taegyoshingi, a hanja text written by the female author Sajugang Lee(1738~1821), is a theoretical treatise and manual that deals with taegyo, a set of traditional beliefs and regulations regarding prenatal development. The title can be read as a new record (shingi) on taegyo. Previous studies have approached this text from a medical perspective or have tended to focus on its underlying Confucian beliefs. However, the aim of this paper is to examine the ideas pertaining to biology and genetics that can be found in Taegyoshingi. Through such an approach, it is demonstrated that forming the core of taegyo theory is the notion that the tae (fetus) is a physical entity which has its own nature, and that the surrounding environment and the act of nurturing can bring about its transformation. Sajugang Lees discussion on the importance of nurturing the fetus (in other words, the surrounding environment) was based on the assumption that the fetus is subject to change. The nature-nurture debate which has taken place during the past century has now evolved to the stage that the central discussion is no longer on whether it is the environment or genetic factors that determine an individuals characteristics; now the discussion tends to focus on the issue of how the two factors are interrelated, as well as the flexibility/unmalleability of human nature. In other words, it involves a renegotiation of the relationship between nature and nurture, a new perspective that can also be observed in Taegyoshingi
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