17 research outputs found

    (The) effect of capsaicin upon DMBA induced cancer of the buccal pouch in hamsters

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    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ํ™”ํ•™์  ์•” ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ด๋ž€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์•ฝ์ œ๋‚˜ ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ๋กœ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์•”์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. 1846๋…„ Thresh์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ช…๋ช…๋œ capsaicin(trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamice)์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ์‹๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋น ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‹ํ’ˆ์ธ ๊ณ ์ถ”์˜ ์ฃผ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€์ œ, ๋ฐฉ๋ถ€์ œ, ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์•ฝ์ œ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. Capsaicin์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์œ„์•”, ํ”ผ๋ถ€์•” ๋“ฑ์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ต์ œ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์•” ๋ฐœ์•”๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ €์ž๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์•” ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์— ๋„์›€์„ ์–ป๊ณ ์ž 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benz(a)anthracene(์ดํ•˜ DMBA) ์œ ๋„ ํ–„์Šคํ„ฐ ํ˜‘๋‚ญ ๋ฐœ์•”๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ณ ์ถ”์˜ ์ฃผ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ธ capsaicin์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒํ›„ 4-5์ฃผ๋œ ์ฒด์ค‘ 80-90g์˜ Golden Syrian Hamster 90๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ 2-3์ฃผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ ์‘๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ํ›„, ์ƒ์กด๋œ 87๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ 2๋งˆ๋ฆฌ, ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ 15๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ 70๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‹คํ—˜ I๊ตฐ 23๋งˆ๋ฆฌ, ์‹คํ—˜ โ…ก๊ตฐ 23๋งˆ๋ฆฌ, ์‹คํ—˜ โ…ข๊ตฐ 24๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด, ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์— DMBA๋ฅผ ํ–„์Šคํ„ฐ ํ˜‘๋‚ญ์— ๋„ํฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์‹คํ—˜ โ… , โ…ก, โ…ข๊ตฐ ์ค‘ ์‹คํ—˜ I๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” capsaicin์„ ๋„ํฌ, ์‹คํ—˜ โ…ก๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌํˆฌ์—ฌ, ์‹คํ—˜ โ…ข๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋„ํฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์•ฝ์ œ์˜ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ 3ํšŒ 17์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ 5, 8, 11, 14, 17์ฃผ์— ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ํšŒ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์  ๊ฒ€๊ฒฝ๊ณผ, Bromodeoxyuridine(์ดํ•˜ BrdUrd)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์œก์•ˆ์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ์—์„œ ์‹คํ•จ I๊ตฐ๊ณผ โ…ข๊ตฐ์€ 5์ฃผ์งธ์—๋Š” ๋ฐฑ๋ฐ˜์ฆ, 8์ฃผ์งธ์—๋Š” ์œ ๋‘์ข…์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜ โ…ก๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2. ์œก์•ˆ์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์€ 14์ฃผ์งธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Œ์ถœ์„ฑ ์ข…๋ฌผ์˜ ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ๋Œ์ถœ์„ฑ ์ข…๋ฌผ์˜ ์ˆ˜์™€ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 3. ๊ด‘ํ•™ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ์—์„œ, ์‹คํ—˜ 8์ฃผ์งธ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ๋‘์ข…์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 4. ์‹คํ—˜ 14์ฃผ์งธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์นจ์œค์„ฑ ์ƒํ”ผ์•”์˜ ์นจ์œค๋ฒ”์œ„๋‚˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์‹ฌํ•œ ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 17์ฃผ์งธ์—๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜ โ… , โ…ก, โ…ข๊ตฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กฐ์ง์†Œ๊ฒฌ์€ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 5. BrdUrd ํ‘œ์ง€์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜ 8์ฃผ์งธ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‹คํ—˜ โ…ก๊ตฐ์€ ๋ณ„์ฐจ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ , ์‹คํ—˜ โ… , โ…ข๊ตฐ์€ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. (p<0.05) 6. BrdUrd ํ‘œ์ง€์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‹คํ—˜ โ…ข๊ตฐ์€ 11์ฃผ์งธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์‹คํ—˜ I๊ตฐ์€ 14์ฃผ์งธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ์‹คํ—˜ โ…ก๊ตฐ์€ 17์ฃผ์งธ์— ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.(p<0.05) 7, BrdUrd ํ‘œ์ง€ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์€ ์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ €์ธต์—์„œ, ์ƒํ”ผ ์ดํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ €์ธตํŒŒ ๋ถ€๊ธฐ์ €์ถฉ์—, ์ƒํ”ผ๋‚ด์•”์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ƒํ”ผ ์ „์ธต์— ๋ถ„ํฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ capsaicin์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž๊ทน์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋ฐœ์•”๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ด‰์ง„ ์‹œํ‚ค๋‚˜ ์ƒํ”ผ๋‚ด์•” ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ์Œ์‹์—์„œ ํฐ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์•” ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ capsaicin์˜ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์™€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ฐœ์•”๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์–ต์ œ ์ •๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ํ–ฅ ํ›„ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์•”์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ capsaicin์˜ ์ ์ • ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํˆฌ์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„์†์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์š”ํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Cancer chemoprevention can be defined as prevention or intervention of cancer by the administration of one or more chemical entities, either as individual drugs or as naturally occurring constituents of the diet. The name capsaicin(trans-8-methyl -N-vanillyl -6- nonenamide) was given by Thresh in 1848, and capsaicin is a primary pungent and irritating principle present in red poppers which are widely used as spices in korean food. The inhibitory effect of capsaicin on stomach or skin cancers had been reported in lots of animal studies, but there were few reports in oral cancer carcinogenesis. This study is aimed to see the effect of capsaicin upon DMBA induced cancer of the buccal pouch in hamsters. In this study, 87 Golden Syrian hamsters, weighing about 80-9Og, were used and divided into 5 groups :normal group(n=2)-untreated ; control group(n=15)-DMBA painted ; experimental group I(n=23)-capsaicin(10 ฮผmol/2ml) and DMBA painted ; experimental group โ…ก(n=23)-capsaicin administered and DMBA painted ;experimental group โ…ข(n=24)-capsaicin administered and painted, DMBA painted. According to groups, the animals were sacrificed at 5, 8, 11, 14, 17week. Microscopic examination was done and BrdUrd labeling index was calculated. The results are as follows; 1. According to gross examination, the leukoplakia at 5 week and the papilloma at 8 week were shown in the experimental group โ… , โ…ข. Those feature were appeared rapider than those of the control and experimental group โ…ก. 2. According to gross examination, the exophytic tumorous lesions were shown in the control and all of the experimental groups from 14week, but the features of the control group were severer than those of the experimental groups 3. According to histopathologic features, the papilloma was shown in all of the experimental group except the control group at 8 week 4. Histologically, the features of the control group were severer than those of the experimental groups from 14 week and there were similiar features among the experimental group โ… , โ…ก, โ…ข at 17 week 5. At 8 week, BrdUrd labeling index of experimental group โ… , โ…ข were higher than that of control group and it was statistically significant(p<0.05) 6. The BrdUrd labeling index of experimental group โ…ข from 11 week, experimental group I from 14 week, experimental group โ…ก from 17 week were lower than that of the control group respectively and it was statistically significant(p<0.05) 7. In the distribution of the BrdUrd labeled cells, BrdUrd was more significant in the basal and parabasal cells in dysplatic changes, but in carcinoma in situ, BrdUrd showed a irregular arrangement throughout the whole thickness of the tumor epithelium According to the above results, the irritating property of the capsaicin accelerated the carcinogenesis in early phase, but the inhibitory effect was shown from carcinoma in situ phase. So the chemopreventive effect of the capsaicin which is a major ingredient of red pepper can be expected. However, the further studies including the proper amount and method of capsaicin administration for preventive effect of oral cancer, should be followed.restrictio

    (A) clinical study on patients with acute supprative infection in the oral and maxillofacial region

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    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์•…์•ˆ๋ฉด ์˜์—ญ์˜ ํ™”๋†์„ฑ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ฆ์€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ข…์ฐฝ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ์‡„์™€ ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ฐ•๋‚ด๋กœ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋‡Œ๋ง‰์—ผ ๋ฐ ํŒจํ˜ˆ์ฆ๋“ฑ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์น˜๋ช…์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ค‘์ฆ์˜ ๊ธ‰์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ™”๋†์„ฑ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ฆ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์›์ธ๊ณผ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์  ๋ถ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์™ธ๊ณผ์  ์ฒ˜์น˜์™€ ์ „์‹ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ˜ธ์ „ํ‚ค ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ค‘์š”๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์•…์•ˆ๋ฉด ์˜์—ญ์˜ ํ™”๋†์„ฑ ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งก์€ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์ถ•์ ๋˜์–ด ๋น„๊ต์  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์›์ธ ์น˜์•„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹๊ฒฐ์—ฌ ๋ฐ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์  ๋…์„ฑ์ด ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋†์ˆ , ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์„ฑ ๋†๋ฐฐ์–‘๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ํˆฌ์„์‹œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๊ณผ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ํ›„์œ ์ฆ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ €์ž๋Š” 1981๋…„ 3์›” ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1991๋…„ 3์›”๊นŒ์ง€ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ• ์•…์•ˆ๋ฉด ๋ถ€์œ„์˜ ๊ธ‰์„ฑํ™”๋†์„ฑ ๊ฐ์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ์„ธ์˜๋ฃŒ์›์—์„œ ์ž…์›๊ฐ€๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž 108๋ช…, ์—ฌ์ž 105๋ช…, ์ด 213๋ช…์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ก์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์›์ธ๋ณ„๋กœ๋Š” ์น˜์„ฑ๊ฐ์—ผ์ด 71์˜ˆ(57.7%), ๋น„์น˜์„ฑ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ด 13์˜ˆ(6.1%), ์›์ธ๋ฏธ์ƒ์ด 77์˜ˆ(36.2%)์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์›์ธ๋ฏธ์ƒ๊ตฐ์€ ํƒ€๊ณผ์— ์ž…์›ํ•œ 88๋ช…์ค‘ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๊ฒ€์ง„์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ 77๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘๋ก์ง€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์›์ธ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. 213์˜ˆ์ค‘ ๋†๋ฐฐ์–‘ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ 190์˜ˆ์„œ ์—ฐ์‡„๊ท ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ 170์˜ˆ(81.0%), ํฌ๋„๊ท ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ 25์˜ˆ(11.7%)๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ท ์ฃผ๋„ ๋‹จ์ผ๊ท ์ฃผ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒ€๋ฌผ ์ฑ„์ทจ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ๋™์ •๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. 3. ์น˜์„ฑ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œ๋Š” cephaloaporin์ด๋‚˜ penicillin๊ณผ์˜ aminoglycoside ๋ณ‘์šฉ์š”๋ฒ•(66.0%)์ด ์„ ํ˜ธ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ aminoglycoside ๋‹จ์ผ์š”๋ฒ•๋„ 3์˜ˆ (2.4%) ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋น„์น˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ์›์ธ๋ฏธ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œ๋„ cephaloaporin์ด๋‚˜ penicillin๊ณผ์˜ aminoglycoside ๋ณ‘์šฉ์š”๋ฒ•(66.7%)์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ aminoglycoside๋‹จ์ผ์š”๋ฒ•๋„ 2์˜ˆ(2.2%) ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ aminoglycoside๋งŒ์˜ ๋‹จ์ผ์š”๋ฒ•์€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ํˆฌ์•ฝ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์š”๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. 4. metronidazole ํˆฌ์—ฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ž…์›์ผ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์€ 38.9%, ๋น„ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์€ 50.3%๊ฐ€ 6์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์— ํ‡ด์›ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ 19์ผ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐํˆฌ์„๋„ 5์˜ˆ(13.9%)๊ฐ€์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ณ‘์šฉ ํƒ€์•ฝ์ œ์™€ ํˆฌ์„์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์š”๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. 5. ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œ ๋†๋ฐฐ์–‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์–‘๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•œ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์š”๋ฒ•์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์กŒ๋‹ค. 6. ํ•˜์•…๋Œ€๊ตฌ์น˜๋Š” ํ•˜์•…ํ•˜๊ทผ๋ง‰๊ฐ„๊ทน, ์ƒ์•… ๋Œ€๊ตฌ์น˜๋Š” ํ˜‘์ธก๊ทผ๋ง‰๊ฐ„๊ทน๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 7. ๊ฐ์—ผ ์ด ๋นˆ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ทผ๋ง‰๊ฐ„๊ทน์€ ํ•˜์•…ํ•˜๊ทผ๋ง‰๊ฐ„๊ทน 108์˜ˆ, ์„คํ•˜๊ทผ๋ง‰๊ฐ„๊ทน 48์˜ˆ, ์ด๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ทผ์•…๊ฐ„๊ทน 47์˜ˆ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทผ๋ง‰๊ฐ„๊ทน๋ณ„ ๋ณ‘๋ฐœ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ˆ˜๋Š” ์„คํ•˜๊ทผ๋ง‰๊ฐ„๊ทน์ด 2.5, ์ด๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ทผ๋ง‰๊ฐ„๊ทน์ด 2.2, ํ•˜์•…ํ•˜๊ทผ๋ง‰๊ฐ„๊ทน์ด 1.3๊ฐœ์˜ ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ด ์„ธ๊ฐ„๊ทน์˜ ์ธ์ ‘๊ฐ„๊ทน ๋ณ‘๋ฐœ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„ ๊ฐ„๊ทน๊ฐ„์˜ ์›๋ฐœ๊ทผ๋ง‰๊ฐ„๊ทน ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‹ค. 8. ์ด 213์˜ˆ์ค‘ 13์˜ˆ์˜ Ludwig's angina์—์„œ 3์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] This is a retrospective study on patients with acute suppurative infection of the oral & maxillofacial region who were encountered between the period of Mar. 1981 to Mar. 1991. at Yonsei Medical Center. The number of patients involved in this study were 213 in total, induding 108 male patients and 105 female patients. The obtained results were as follows. 1. The most frequent cause of pyogenic infection of this region in decreasing frequency, was odontogenic(57.7%), unknown origin(36.2%) and Non-odontogenic(6.1%). the 77 cases among the 88 cases which were admitted to dept. other than the dept. of oral and maxillofacial surgery without oral examination were designated as unknown orign. 2. Pus cultures were done on 190 cases and streptococci(n= 170, 81.0% ) was the most frequent causative organism isolated from these cultures, followed by staphylococci(n=25, 11.7% ). We concluded that most of the results of pus cultures have single causative organisms but this was due to errors of culture and incubation methods. 3. The combination therapy of cephalosporin or penicillin and aminoํžˆycodie was 66.0% in the group of odontogenic infections and 66.7% in the group of Non-odontogenic and unknown origin infections. The single drug therapy with aminoglycosides was seen in 3 cases(2.4%) in the group of odontogenic infections and 2 cases(2.2%) in the group of non-dontogenic and unknown origin idections. However we could not find the reason why only aminoglycosides were used and there was no apparent reason for this treatment regiment. 4. Amon the patients who were discharged within 6 days, 38.9% were in the group which were given metronidazole and 50.3% were in the group which were given other antibiotics. Also, there were 5 cases(13.9%) of long-term treatment which were given more than 19 days of metronidasole. This result suggests that there was inconsistancy in determining the effective treatment period and time. 5. Almost all pus cultures were taken by aerobic methods and antibiotic administration was not according to results of pub cultures. 6. There was a high correlation between the mandibular molar and the submandibular space, between the maxillary molar and the buccal space. 7. The most common fascial involved were in descending order of frequency the submandibular space(n= 108), the sublingual space(n=48), the submental space(n=47). When the sublingual space, the submental spice, and the submandibular space were involved, they simultaneously involved 2.5, 2.2, and 1.3 adjacent spaces respectively. Furthermore, the above three spaces had a high incidence of interrelationship and therefore it was difficult to identify the primaryly infected space. 8. Of thirteen patients with Ludwing's angina, among 213 patients, three patients expired.restrictio

    ๏งคไบ‹ๆœƒ์˜ ๆง‹้€ ็š„ ็‰นๆ€ง์ด ๏งคไบ‹ๆœƒ ้—œ่ˆ‡์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๅฝฑ้Ÿฟ์— ้—œํ•œ ็ก็ฉถ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™์ „๊ณต,2000.Maste

    ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์™œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ์ฐฝ์—…๋ก  ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€์–ด๋– ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์™œ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์„ค๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ดํ›„์— ์ฐฝ์—… ์กฐ์ง์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐฝ์—… ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ์—… ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ˜์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š”, ์กฐ์ง์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ํŒจํ„ด์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฃผํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ์กฐ์ง ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ž์›๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๊ฐ๋„๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ Danny Miller์˜ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ง€์ ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด (Miller, 2011), ํ˜„์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์— ์กฐ์ง์˜๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์กฐ์ง ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ •(+)์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž์›์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์ฐฝ์—…๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ธฐ์™€ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐฝ์—…๊ฐ€ ๊ต์ฒด ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์„ , ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ Miller(1983)์˜ ์ตœ์ดˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ฃผ์ œ์–ด๋กœ ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š” ์‹ค์ฆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ฒ€ํ† ์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—… ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ๋ช…์ œ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—… ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์—์„œ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—… ์ •๋ฐ€์‹คํƒœ 2009๋…„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ, ์ฐฝ์—…๊ฐ€์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž์›์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๊ฐ๋„๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ •(+)์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์ด์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž์›์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ์žฅ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ฐ€ ๊ต์ฒด๋ผ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๊ฐ๋„๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1,502๊ฐœ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฐฝ์—…๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ณผ ์ œํœด ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ๋™ํƒœ์„ฑ์ด ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์กฐ์ง ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ œํœด ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ์žฅ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์™€ ์ฐฝ์—…๊ฐ€ ๊ต์ฒด ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ฐฝ์—…๋ก  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฌธํ—Œ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ •(+)์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” Miller(1983)์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜๋˜๊ณ , Covin & Slevin(1991)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜๊ณ , Lumpkin & Dess(1996)์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณตํ—Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ œํœด ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ์ฆ๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ฐฝ์—…๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€๋งŒ ์กฐ์ง์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋ฉฐ, ์ฐฝ์—…๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ต์ฒด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ, ์กฐ์ง ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ํŒจํ„ด์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฐฝ์—…๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ต์ฒด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์กฐ์ง์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋ฃจํ‹ด์ด ๋”์šฑ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,๋ฐฐํƒœ๋œ ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ์—ญ์„ค์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‹ ์ œ๋„๋ก  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒ€๋‹นํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ•์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋ถ€ ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€์  ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์˜ ํ•จ์–‘์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Why do some firms succeed, while other firms fail? This question is one of the critical questions in the area of entrepreneurship research. However, the answer for this question is limited. As previous literatures have usually focused attention on who initiates venture start-ups and what are the key characteristics of the founders? we do not know much of the entrepreneurial process after start-ups founded. Thus, researches were needed to explore the process which firms grow and finally succeed. Fortunately, a stream of research exists, which focused on the entrepreneurial process and emphasized the dimension of innovative, proactive, and risk-taking nature of starts-ups. The research area was known as entrepreneurial orientation. Previous empirical researches of entrepreneurial orientation have focused on the main effect of entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance, but, at the same time, emphasized the role of contingent factors, which moderate the positive performance effect of entrepreneurial orientation. These contingent factors range mainly from external factors such as environmental hostility and dynamism, to internal characteristics, such as organizational size and organic structure. However, the recent review of Miller(2011) indicates that endeavors of past 30 years showed some limitations, the structural and embedded characteristics of organization. Thus, I thoroughly reviewed the empirical papers published in the major journals of entrepreneurship, and identified two major gaps in those research area of entrepreneurial orientation; one of which can be found in the article of Miller(1983, 2011), which suggests to identify the effect of configurational characteristics of organizations, and the other suggests not to distinguish the concept of entrepreneurial orientation from entrepreneurship existing in organizations. In order to identify the concept of entrepreneurial orientation from entrepreneurship, I compare the performance effects of entrepreneurial orientation by growth stage of start-ups and founder succession. Also, in order to highlight the structural and embedded characteristics of organization, I explore one positive moderating effects of structure of available resources, such as diversity of human resource function and strategic alliances portfolio, and another positive moderating effects of changing context of organization, such as organizational life cycle and founder succession. Using the survey data of Korean Venture Research Institutes, I analyze the effects of antecedent factors which determine the level of entrepreneurial orientation, and the effects of structural and contextual moderators of organization. The results of 1,502 Korean venture starts-ups showed that the diversity effects of founders experience and strategic alliance portfolio determine the level of entrepreneurial orientation, and the effects of environmental dynamism of industry and the diversity of strategic alliance portfolio moderate the performance effect of entrepreneurial orientation. Moreover, organizational changing context, such as organizational life cycle and succession of founders, found to be another positive performance moderator of entrepreneurial orientation. These results suggest following implications. First, this study highlights the diversity effect of strategic alliance portfolio with entrepreneurial orientation on firm performance, which reflects the structural features of available resources. The results may extend the research frame suggested by Covin & Slevin(1991), and Lumpkin & Dess(1996), in that current study explores and extends the structural effects of organizations. Likewise, the contextual embedding effects of organizational life cycle and founder succession were found to be other moderators. Second, this study identifies the effect of founders experience on entrepreneurial orientation, and the positive moderating effects of the life cycle of organization and the founder succession. These results show that the firm-level concept of entrepreneurial orientation can be determined by the founder characteristics, but the positive performance effects of entrepreneurial orientation can be strengthened after founder succession. These seemingly paradoxical effects of founder can be better explained by the concept of paradox of embedded agency and thus provides theoretical implication for the researchers of new institutional theory. Third, current study identified the diversity effect of alliance portfolio as a moderator on firm performance, and at the same time as an antecedent of entrepreneurial orientation. These results showed the nature of venture starts-ups, which experience the liability of newness, and suggest the effective method to enhance entrepreneurial orientation. The limitation of this research and further research directions are also discussed.Docto

    The Influence of Entrepreneurial Orientation of Small-Medium Enterpriseโ€™s CEO on Business Performance: Mediating Effect of Product and Service Innovation

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