14 research outputs found

    Risk assessment on residual carcinogenic pesticides of vegetables in Korea

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    ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ์˜ํ•™์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ์ƒํ™œ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์‹ ์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ์–‘์‹ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์•” ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ  ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋กœ์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ, ์•” ์‚ฌ๋ง์š”์ธ์˜ 35% ์ด์ƒ์ด ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ญ์ทจ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” 60๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ์ด ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ค์ • ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Œ€์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ฐ์ข… ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์œ ํ•ดํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์— ๋‹ค์ค‘ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๋…ธ์ถœ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ด„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ค์—ผ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์ค‘ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์งˆ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์˜จ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ๊ฒฝ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ, ์ฆ‰ ์˜ค์—ผ๋œ ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ญ์ทจ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ•ด์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ์ง„ํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์‹ํ’ˆ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์–‘์  ๋น„์ค‘์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ๋ฉฐ ์ƒ์‹์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์„œ, ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ์ •์ค‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋†์•ฝ ์˜ค์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ธ์ฒด ์œ„ํ•ด์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ฑ„์†Œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 10์ข…์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 15๊ฑด ์ด 150๊ฑด์˜ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ์œ ๋ ฅํ•œ ์ธ์ฒด ๋ฐœ์•”์„ฑ ๋†์•ฝ 10์ข…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋œ 4์ข…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ์ „ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ๋น„๊ต์™€ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 20์ข…์˜ ๋†์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ํ™•์ธ์—์„œ ์œ ๋ ฅํ•œ ์ธ์ฒด ๋ฐœ์•”๋ฌผ์งˆ(B)์€ aldrin, T-BHC, chlorbenzilate, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, folpet, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide ๋ฐ toxaphene, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ธ์ฒด ๋ฐœ์•”๋ฌผ์งˆ(C)๋กœ๋Š” parathion, Not classifiable(D)์€ endrin, ๊ฒ€ํ† ์ค‘ ์ธ ๋ฌผ์งˆ(Under review)๋กœ๋Š” alachlor, captan, chlorothalonil, dicofol, daminozide, endosulfan, lindane ๋ฐ mirex๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋…ธ์ถœํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” DDT, dieldrin, folpet ๋ฐ heptachlor epoxide๊ฐ€ 9๊ฑด(6%)์—์„œ 0.0006 - 0.09ppm(ํ‰๊ท  ์ž”๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰; 0.00001 ~ 0.0007) ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ heptachlor epoxide๋Š” ๋งˆ๋Š˜์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ฐ FAO/WHO์˜ ์ž”๋ฅ˜๋†์•ฝ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ž”๋ฅ˜๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ผ์ผ ์ถ”์ • ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์€ 0.0009 ~ 0.079ใŽ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, DDT๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์„ญ์ทจ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ์ฒด ๋…ธ์ถœํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ scenario๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, scenario โ… ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฒ€์ถœ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๋†์•ฝ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ’์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, scenario โ…ก๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฒ€์ถœ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์ถœ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ’์˜ 1/2์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ scenario โ…ข์€ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋œ ์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋งŒ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ด๋‹ค. ์ธ์ฒด ๋…ธ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ scenario I(2.1 * 10**-6 ~ 2.2 * 10**-5 mg/kg/day)์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, scenario โ…ก(1.1 * 10**-6 - 1.2 * 10**-6)์˜ ์•ฝ 2/3 ~ 2๋ฐฐ ๋ฐ scenario โ…ข(1.3 * 10**-8 ~ 1.3 * 10**-6)์˜ ์•ฝ 3.5 ~ 50๋ฐฐ๋กœ์„œ DDT, heptachlor epoxide, folpet ๋ฐ dieldrin์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ˆœ์„œ์˜€๋‹ค. IRIS์˜ ๋ฐœ์•”๋ ฅ๊ณผ HSDB์˜ ADI๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰-๋ฐ˜์‘ ํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์•”๋ ฅ์€ 3.5 * 10**-3 ~ 1.6 * 10(mg/kg/day)**-1 ๋กœ์„œ dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, DDT ๋ฐ folpet์˜ ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ADI๋Š” 0.0005 - 0.01(mg/kg/day)๋กœ์„œ folpet, DDT, dieldrin ๋ฐ heptachlor epoxide์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ œ ์•ˆ์ „์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ 1.2 * 10**-3 - 1.1๋กœ์„œ folpet, DDT, heptachlor epoxide ๋ฐ dieldrin์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ scenario์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์•” ์œ„ํ•ด๋„ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” risk I์—์„œ 1.1 * 10**-8 - 5.5 * 10**-5๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, rick โ…ก๋Š” 7.0 * 10**-9 ~ 3.2 * 10**-5 ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  risk โ…ข์€ 3.1 * 10**-9 - 8.8 * 10**-6 ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋†์•ฝ๋ณ„ risk๋Š” heptachlor epoxide(8.8 * 10**-6 ~ 5.5 * 10**-5 ), dieldrin (2.1 * 10**-7 ~ 3.4 * 10**-5 ), DDT(4.4 * 10**-7 ~ 7.5 *10**-6 ) ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  folpet (3.1 * 10**-9 ~ 1.1 * 10**-8 )์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Heptachlor epoxide๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์ฑ„์†Œ๋ฅ˜ ์„ญ์ทจ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ‰๊ท  ๋…ธ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๋งŒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ 10**-6 ์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, folpet์€ ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ scenario์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์œ„ํ•ด๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. DDT์™€ dieldrin์€ risk โ…ข์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 10**-6 ์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, risk โ… ๊ณผ risk โ…ก์—์„œ๋Š” 4.1 * 10**-6 ~ 3.4 * 10**-5 ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. EDI/ADI๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ folpet 0.009%๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ heptachlor epoxide 0.2%์˜ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ MRL์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, TMDI/ADI๋Š” heptachlor epoxide 0.1%๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ dieldrin 0.38%์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, EDI/TMDl๋Š” folpet 0.03%๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ heptachlor epoxide 1.88%์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, FAO/WHO์˜ MRL์„ ์ ์šฉ์‹œ TMDI/ADl๋Š” folpet 0.19%๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ dieldrin 3.5%์˜€๊ณ , EDI/TMDI๋Š” dieldrin 0.004%๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ heptachlor epoxide 0.48%์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ TMDI/ADl์—์„œ Folpet๋งŒ์ด 0.26%๋กœ์„œ FAO/WHO์˜ 0.19%๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋†’์€ ์•ˆ์ „ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, EDi/TMDl๋Š” dieldrin๊ณผ heptachlor epoxide๊ฐ€ FAO/WHO์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ 4๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ, heptachlor epoxide๋Š” ์ฑ„์†Œ๋ฅ˜ ์ด์šฉ์‹œ ๊ฐ์†Œ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ถ•์ ๊ณผ ๋”์šฑ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹์ด ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ถ”์ • ๋“ฑ์˜ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  DDT์™€ dieldrin์€ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ monitoring์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์šฐ์„  ๊ฐ ์œ ํ•ด๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋ฐ ์‹ํ’ˆ๊ตฐ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ˆ์ „๋งˆ์ง„ ํ™•๋ณด์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ•์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์†์ต์„ ์‹ ์ค‘ํžˆ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ํ›„์— ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Risk assessment and safety margin index(SMI) were evaluated on carcinogenic pesticides(CPs) in 150 specimens from ten kinds of vegetables which randomly sampled at Karak agricultural products market in Seoul. In the hazard identification for 20 pesticides: aldrin, T-BHC, chlorbenzilate, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, folpet, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide and toxaphene were classified as probable human carcinogen(B). Parathion was possible human carcinogen(C), while endrin was Not classifiable(D). As the Under review: alachlor, caftan, chlorothalonil, dicofol, daminozide, endosulfan, lindane and mirex were selected. As the result of environmental exposure assessment: DDT, dieldrin, folpet and heptachlor epoxide were detected in 9 samples(6%) in the range of 0.0006 ~ 0.09ppm(average residues:0.00001 ~ 0.0007). Particularly, heptachlor epoxide was exceeded maximum residue limits(MRLs) of pesticide both Korea and FAO/WHO, however all the average residues were within the limits. The most ingested pesticide was DDT among the estimated daily intake(EDI, 0.0009 - 0.079ใŽ•). Three scenarios were hypothesized for human exposure assessment. Scenario I was the most conservative hypothesis which supposed the undetected CPs is detection limit values, scenario ll was assumed the undetected CPs as half of the detection limit values, and scenario 111merely applied the detected values of CPs. Human exposure value of scenario I(2.1 * 10**-6 ~ 2.2 * 10**-5 mg/kg/day) was the greatest as 2/3 ~ 2 times of scenario โ…ก(1.1 * 10**-6 ~ 1.2 * 10**-5 ) ant 3.5 ~ 50 times of Scenario โ…ข(1.3 * 10**-8 ~ 1.3 * 10**-6 ). The order of exposure magnitude was DDT, heptachlor epoxide, folpet, and dieldrin. The carcinogenic potency was 3.5 * 10**-3 ~ 1.6 * 10(mg/kg/day)**-1 and the order of magnitude was dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, DOT, and folpet. Acceptable daily intake(ADI) was 0.0005 ~ 0.01(mg/kg/day) and the magnitude was folpet, DDT, dieldrin, and heptachlor epoxide as the order. The order of virtually safe dose(VSD, 1.2 * 10**-3 ~ 1.1ppm) magnitude was folpet, DDT, heptachlor epoxide, and dieldrin. Excess cancer risk(ECR) which calculated from the exposure scenarios was 1.1 * 10**-8 ~ 5.5 * 10**-5 in risk โ… , 7.0 * 10**-9 ~ 3.2 10**-5 in risk โ…ก, and 3.1 * 10**-9 ~ 8.8 * 10**-6 in risk โ…ข. The order of ECR magnitude in CPs was heptachlor epoxide(8.8 * 10**-6 ~ 5.5 * 10**-5 ), dieldrin (2.1 * 10**-7 ~ 3.4 * 10**-5 ), DDT(4.4 * 10**-7 ~ 7.5 * 10**-6 ), and folpet (3.1 * 10**-9 ~ 1.1 * 10**-8 ). Heptachlor epoxide was exceeded 10**-6 , while folpet was very low in all the three risk. DDT and dieldrin were within 10**-6 in the risk โ…ข, but risk โ…  and risk โ…ก were relatively high level(4.1 * 10**-6 ~ 3.4 * 10**-5 ). EDI/ADl was very low level as the range of 0.009%(Folpet) ~ 0.2%(heptachlor epoxide). Based on the Korean MRL, theoretical maximum daily intake(TMDI)/ADl was 0.1%(heptachlor epoxide) ~ 0.38%(dieldrin) and EDI/TMDI was 0.03%(folpet) ~ 1.88%(heptachlor epoxide). In case of the FAO/WHO MRL, TMDI/ADI was 0.19%(folpet) ~ 3.5%(dieldrin) and EDl/TMDl was 0.004%(dieldrin) ~ 0.48%(heptachlor epoxide). Therefore, only the folpet(0.26%) in TMDI/ADl was slightly exceeded FAO/WHO(0.19%). Dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide in EDI/TMDl were four times higher than FAO/WHO. According to the results, we'd better take measures for reducing the heptachlor epoxide intake by the data accumulation on reduction Factor and practical estimate of CPs in vegetables. Furthermore, DDT and dieldrin should be monitored continuously. Consequently, we must systematically evaluate the cost/benefit on national interests and health promotion by the scientific bases of safety margin which derived from the risk assessment of each pesticides and food group. Thereafter, we can decide whether accept the FAO/WHO MRLs in Korea.restrictio
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