46 research outputs found

    Comparison of meta-analysis approaches for untargeted metabolomics: from raw data to pathway analysis

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์•ฝํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์•ฝํ•™๊ณผ, 2021. 2. ๋ฐ•์ •์ผ.๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฒดํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ถ„์„์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ปค์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์™€ ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ„์•” ํ™˜์ž์™€ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฝ๋ณ€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ž„์ƒ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฒด ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ• 3๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. LC-MS๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋‘ ๊ณต๊ณต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ (1) Manual integration, (2) metaXCMS๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ถ„์„, (3) Multimodal XCMS๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ mummichog ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„(pathway analysis)์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ฒดํฌ๋กœ๋งˆํ† ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ-์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ํ‘œ์  ์•ก์ฒดํฌ๋กœ๋งˆํ† ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ-์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. (1) Manual integration์—์„œ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ batch๊ฐ€ 1์ฐจ ๋‹ด์ฆ™์‚ฐ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฐ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์˜ p-value๊ฐ€ ๊ทน๋ช…ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. (2) metaXCMS๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” 1์ฐจ ๋‹ด์ฆ™์‚ฐ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ, ๋ถ„์ง€์‡„์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€์‚ฌ, ํ—ด ๋ถ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ์ฒดํฌ๋กœ๋งˆํ† ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ-์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ํ‘œ์  ์•ก์ฒดํฌ๋กœ๋งˆํ† ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ-์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. (3) Multimodal XCMS๋Š” 1์ฐจ ๋‹ด์ฆ™์‚ฐ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ metaXCMS๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ ๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•์ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ ๋ขฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ โ€˜meta-metabolomicsโ€™์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž„์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.As the importance of meta-analysis in metabolomics is growing rapidly, many tools and software have been developed. Here, we present a comparison of meta-analysis methods using public data that compare hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. Two public data analyzed using LC-MS were combined by (1) manual integration, (2) metaXCMS, (3) Multimodal XCMS, and then we applied pathway analysis based on mummichog. GC-MS data and targeted LC-MS data were collected to support the results. (1) In manual integration, some batches can predict a significant difference in primary bile acid biosynthesis, while others cannot predict. Also, the p-value of each batch differs obviously. (2) metaXCMS method can predict a change of primary bile acid biosynthesis, BCAA metabolism, and heme degradation pathway. This result can be supported by targeted LC-MS data and GC-MS data. (3) Multimodal XCMS has no significant results except the predicting alteration of primary bile acid biosynthesis. Our study shows that meta-analysis using metaXCMS is an effective and reliable approach to โ€œmeta-metabolomicsโ€.๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 1 ๋ชฉ ์ฐจ 3 List of Figures 5 List of Tables 7 List of Abbreviations 9 โ… . ์„œ ๋ก  10 โ…ก. ์‹ค ํ—˜ 12 1. ๊ณต๊ณต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ 12 1.1 MTBLS17 & MTBLS19 13 1.2 MTBLS105 15 2. ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ ๋ถ„์„ 16 2.1 Manual integration 16 2.2 metaXCMS 17 2.3 Multimodal XCMS 18 3. ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ 19 โ…ข. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 21 1. ํฌ๋กœ๋งˆํ† ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์‹ฑ 21 2. Combat: Batch effect correction 22 3. ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ 24 3.1 Manual integration 24 3.1.1 Manual integration: Biocyc ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค 24 3.1.2 Manual integration: KEGG ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค 26 3.2 metaXCMS 28 3.2.1 metaXCMS: Biocyc ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค 28 3.2.2 metaXCMS: KEGG ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค 30 3.3 Multimodal XCMS 32 4. Biocyc ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์™€ KEGG ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค์˜ ๋น„๊ต 33 โ…ฃ. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  34 โ…ฅ. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 35 Abstract 37Maste

    Role of Newscasters in South Korean TV Journalism: Gatekeeper or Advocate

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    This study examines how TV newscasters communicate in the various types of news programs, in an attempt to see if there is any difference among them in terms of the degree or extent in which advocacy journalism is practiced. Witnessing that there is a tendency for TV newscasters to insert their value or moral judgement in conveying news information to audience, the author analyzed the patterns of value insertion adopted by newscasters. It was found that while newscasters of conventional evening news program tend to follow the rule of objective journalism, newscasters of late night current affairs program as well as investigative journalism program often insert their political opinion or value when they interpret news, predict the future development of events, present public opinion polls on controversial issues and propose policy recommendations. This analysis of newscaster's way of conducting news programs demonstrates the coexistence of objective journalism and advocacy journalism in the programs made by the public broadcaster, KBS. This also suggests that the news program adopting advocacy journalism is open to the criticism for failing to secure impartiality, if it does not represent both sides involved in controversial matters
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