41 research outputs found

    Development of an Efficient Cell-by-Cell Adaptive Mesh Refinement Algorithm on Structured Grids

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    ์ •๋ ฌ ๊ฒฉ์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ ์‘ ๊ฒฉ์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์…€๋‹จ์œ„ ์ ์‘ ๊ฒฉ์ž ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ™” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์…€๋‹จ์œ„ ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ™” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ค‘์ฒฉ ๊ฒฉ์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฉ์ž์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ๊ฒฉ์ž ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์…€๋‹จ์œ„ ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ™” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ๊ฒฉ์ž ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ์ธ๋ฑ์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฉ์ž์ ๋“ค์˜ ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์•„ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ ์‘ ๊ฒฉ์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ์›”๋“ฑํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.As an efficient AMR method on structured grids, a new cell-by-cell refinement algorithm is developed. Key idea of the new cell-by-cell refinement is to use categorized cell types which are originated from overset mesh technique. Thanks to categorized cell types, present method provides efficient cell-by-cell refinement algorithm, while preserving structured index of grid system. Through numerical test cases, the performance of present algorithm is investigated and comparison of accuracy and efficiency shows that present method is much more accurate and efficient than the case without AMR method.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2011 ๋…„๋„ 2 ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋‘๋‡Œํ•œ๊ตญ 21 ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ถ€์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์›์ฒœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‚ฌ์—… (NSL, ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ 2011-0029871), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›(No. 2011-0027486)์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Œ.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2011-01/104/0000004648/26SEQ:26PERF_CD:SNU2011-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:104USER_ID:0000004648ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A001138DEPT_CD:446CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:์ •๋ ฌ_๊ฒฉ์ž_๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜_ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ_์…€๋‹จ์œ„_์ ์‘_๊ฒฉ์ž_์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜_๊ฐœ๋ฐœ_์—ฐ๊ตฌ.pdfDEPT_NM:๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€EMAIL:[email protected]:

    Biologic effect of pamidronate on degenerated human intervertebral disc cells

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]๋ชฉ์  : ์ฒ™์ถ” ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ์„ธํฌ์— 2์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋น„์Šคํฌ์Šคํฌ๋„ค์ดํŠธ ์ œ์ œ์ธ ํŒŒ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋กœ๋„ค์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ธํฌ ์ฆ์‹, ๊ธฐ์งˆ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ  ์—ญ์‹œ ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ์„ธํฌ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ์กด์„ฑ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฐ ํ›„ ํŒŒ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋กœ๋„ค์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ์กด์„ฑ, ๊ธฐ์งˆ ๋ถ„ํ•ด ํšจ์†Œ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋“ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• : ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ์กฐ์ง์€ ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ์ˆ ์‹์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ 10๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ฑ„์ทจ๋œ ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ์กฐ์ง์€ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์  ํšจ์†Œ ์†Œํ™”๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ์„ธํฌ์— TNF-alpha๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ฑ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ ธ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์— ํŒŒ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋กœ๋„ค์ดํŠธ 0, 10-12, 10-10, 10-8, 10-6 M์˜ ๋†๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ 48์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋ฐฐ์–‘๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋‹น๋‹จ๋ฐฑ ์ƒ์„ฑ, ์„ธํฌ ์ฆ์‹ ๋ฐ˜์‘, ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ์กด์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ๋ฐ matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9๊ณผ MMP-13์˜ mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„, MMP-1, MMP-13์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.ํŒŒ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋กœ๋„ค์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  DMEM/F12 (10% FBS, 1% v/v penicillin/streptomycin, 25 ใŽ/ml ascorbate)์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์„ ์–‘์„ฑ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, DMEM/F12 (1% FBS, 1% v/v penicillin/streptomycin, 25 ใŽ/ml ascorbate)์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์„ ์Œ์„ฑ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜๋‹ค.๊ฒฐ๊ณผ :ใ€€ํŒŒ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋กœ๋„ค์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ์„ธํฌ์— ๋†๋„๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ ์ฆ์‹์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, DNA ์ฆ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ƒํ™”ํ•œ ๋‹น๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ €๋†๋„์ธ 10-9 M ์˜ ํŒŒ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋กœ๋„ค์ดํŠธ ํˆฌ์—ฌ๊ตฐ์—์„œ 20.1 % (p<0.05) ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ์„ธํฌ์— 10-12 ~ 10-6 M์˜ ํŒŒ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋กœ๋„ค์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์„ธํฌ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณดํ˜ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. Hemocytometer๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ 24 ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ 48 ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์–‘์„ฑ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ (10% FBS)์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์Œ์„ฑ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ (1% FBS)์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 24.4 %์™€ 30.1 %์˜ ์ƒ์กด๋Šฅ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๊ณ , ์Œ์„ฑ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ (1% FBS)์— ๋น„ํ•ด TNF-alpha๋กœ ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ์กด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฐ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 6.9 %์™€ 30 %์˜ ์ƒ์กด๋Šฅ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ TNF-alpha (10 ng/ml)๋กœ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ์กด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฐ ํ›„, 10-12, 10-10, 10-8, 10-6 M์˜ ํŒŒ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋กœ๋„ค์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํŒŒ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋กœ๋„ค์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์Œ์„ฑ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 23.5 %, 11.3 %, 26.4 %, 9.9 % (p<0.05)์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ์กด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ 48 ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์Œ์„ฑ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ7 %, 15.5 %, 19.6 %, 7.8 % (p<0.05)์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.RT-PCR ํ›„ densitometry๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ œIํ˜• ๊ต์›์งˆ, ์ œIIํ˜• ๊ต์›์งˆ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  aggrecan์˜ mRNA ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1% FBS์™€ TNF-alpha๋กœ ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ์กด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฐ ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13 mRNA์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ณผ MMP-1์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, ํŒŒ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋กœ๋„ค์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, MMPs mRNA์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์— ์˜์˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, MMP-1๊ณผ MMP-13 ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.๊ฒฐ๋ก  : ์ฒ™์ถ” ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ํŒŒ๋ฏธ๋“œ๋กœ๋„ค์ดํŠธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์งˆ ์ƒ์„ฑ ์ž๊ทน, ์—ฐ๊ณจ์„ฑ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ˜• ์œ ์ง€, ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ์กด์„ฑ์— ์ž๊ทน ๋“ฑ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด ์ถ”๊ฐ„ํŒ ๋ณ€์„ฑ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] As potent inhibitors of bone resorption, bisphosphonates(BPs) are widely used for the treatment of bone disorders because of increased osteoclast activity. BPs are also broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors which involves cation chelation. Apoptosis appears to provide an important mechanism that contributes to the death of disc cells and thus disc degeneration. In articular chondrocytes, BPs appear to prevent dexamethasone induced growth retardation and apoptosis. Accordingly, the objective of this study is to investigate the effect of pamidronate, N-containing BP, on human intervertebral disc cells in terms of cellular proliferation, matrix synthesis, mRNA expression of matrix components, apoptosis, and mRNA expression of MMP.Human disc tissues were obtained from three patients with degenerative disc disease. Intervertebral disc cells were isolated by sequential enzymatic method. Apoptosis was induced by using TNF-alpha. Each culture was allocated to 1) positive control cultures with 10% FBS; 2) negative control cultures with 1 % FBS; 3) experimental cultures in 1 % FBS with TNF-alpha (10 ng/ml); 4) experimental cultures in 1 % FBS and TNF-alpha (10 ng/ml) with a various dose of pamidronate (10-12, 10-10, 10-9, 10-8, 10-6 M). [3H]-Thymidine for DNA synthesis and [35S]-Sulfate incorporation for proteoglycan synthesis were performed. The cells were counted on a hemocytometer using trypan-blue exclusion to assess cellular viability. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for mRNA of beta-actin, collagen type I, collagen type II, aggrecan, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 was performed.Disc cell cultures with various concentrations of pamidronate (10-12, 10-9, 10-6M) showed no significant increase in DNA synthesis compared to control culture. However disc cell cultures with pamidronate showed significant increase in proteoglycan synthesis, 20.1% increase with 10-9 M pamidronate (p<0.05), compared to control culture. Disc cells with various dose of pamidronate showed similar patterns of mRNA expression of collagen type I, II, aggrecan compared to culture without pamidronate. In serum starved condition (1% FBS) with TNF-alpha(10ng/ml), pamidronate with concentration of 10-12 to 10-6 M demonstrated a stimulation effect of cell viability. Cultures with 1 % FBS showed upregulation of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13 mRNA expression and MMP-1 protein expression, while cultures with given dose of pamidronate showed no change in the expression of MMPs mRNA. However, cultures with given dose of pamidronate showed down-regulation of MMP-1 and MMP-13 protein expression.Pamidronate, N-containing BP has anabolic and anti-resorptive effect and stimulation of cell viability on intervertebral disc cells and their matrix.ope

    3์ฐจ์› ์œ ๋™ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ MLP ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2005.Maste

    ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ์†์ƒ์‹œ ๋ณ„์•„๊ต์„ธํฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „์‚ฌ์ธ์ž NF-kB์˜ ์ „์ด์กฐ์ ˆ

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    Dept. of Medical Science/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์€ L-arginine์˜ ํƒˆํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์ผ์ฐจ์•„๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๋‡Œ์—์„œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋‚ด์žฌ์„ฑ clonidine ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ์†์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ณ„์•„๊ต์„ธํฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธํšจ๊ณผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ „์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž‘์šฉ์‹œ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ดด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์†์ƒ์ด ๋๋‚  ์‹œ์ ์—๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ •์„ธํฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ๋ณดํ˜ธํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์€ NF-ฮบB์˜ ํ•ต์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „์ด๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, IKKฮฑ/ฮฒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ IฮบBฮฑ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด NF-ฮบB๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์ด ERK์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  JNK์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, p38์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. NF-ฮบB, ERK ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  JNK์˜ ์ €ํ•ด์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์€ NF-ฮบB, ERK ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  JNK์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ„์•„๊ต์„ธํฌ์˜ ์„ธํฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œ์‹œํ‚ด์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜๋Š” NF-ฮบB ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์™€ MAPK์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์ข€๋” ์ž์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ERK ์ €ํ•ด์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ p-IฮบBฮฑ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๊ฐ€ ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, NF-ฮบB ์ €ํ•ด์ œ์™€ ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฒ˜์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” p-IฮบBฮฑ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. JNK ์ €ํ•ด์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋œ p-IฮบBฮฑ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๊ฐ€ ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฒ˜์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” p-IฮบBฮฑ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๋” ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์ด ERK์™€ JNK ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์— ์˜ํ•œ NF-ฮบB์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๊ธฐ์ „์€ ERK ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณผ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ, JNK ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์— ์˜ํ•œ NF-ฮบB์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๊ฐ€ JNK์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์— ์˜ํ•œ NF-ฮบB์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ์กฐ์ ˆ์€ Bcl-2์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ณ„์•„๊ต์„ธํฌ์˜ ์„ธํฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ„์•„๊ต์„ธํฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์•„๊ทธ๋งˆํ‹ด์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ „๋‹ฌ๊ธฐ์ „์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ, ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‡Œํ—ˆํ˜ˆ ์†์ƒ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]Agmatine is a primary amine formed by the decarboxylation of L-arginine and is an endogenous clonidine-displacing substance synthesized in mammalian brain. Many studies suggest that agmatine reduces various brain injury. We investigated the protective effect of agmatine in the primary cultured astrocytes under ischemic-like injury. Agmatine protected the astrocytes from necrotic and apoptotic cell death under oxygen-glucose deprivation. Especially, agmatine decreased necrotic cells in OGD phase, but at the end of OGD-R, agmatine reduced delayed apoptotic cells. These protections were associated with an induction of nuclear factor-ฮบB (NF-ฮบB) nuclear translocation. Western blotting analysis showed that agmatine increased nuclear translocation of NF-ฮบB, which were inhibited by the inhibitor (MG132). Futhermore, agmatine increased the expression of p-IkBฮฑ and p-IKKฮฑ/ฮฒ in astrocytes under ischemic conditions. Agmatine also regulated phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAPK (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which were attenuated by U0126 or SP600125, respectively. Especially, the expression of p-ERK was slightly increased with agmatine, while that of p-JNK was significantly reduced in astrocytes under ischemic injury. However, phosphorylated p38 was not influenced by agmatine. But these MAPKs regulated by agmatine regulated cell death in OGD treated astrocytes. NF-ฮบB nuclear translocation by agmatine was linked with the expression of other anti-apoptotic protein such as Bcl-2, and the Bcl-2 expression was downregulated by MG132 in astrocytes under OGD. These results demonstrated that neuroprotective effect of agmatine seemed to be related with the regulation of Bcl-2 via NF-ฮบB pathway and the regulation of MAPKs expression by agmatine did not seemed to be related with NF-ฮบB translocation directly.ope

    ๋‹ค์ฐจ์› ์œ ๋™ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ hp-Reconstruction ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2011.2. ๊น€์ข…์•”.Docto

    MLP ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ 3์ฐจ์› ์ ์„ฑ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉํŒŒ๊ด€ ์œ ๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜์  ํ•ด์„ = Numerical analysis of three-dimensional vuscous shock tube problem using multi-dimensional limiting process

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 2์ฐจ์› ์œ ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์˜๋œ ์ ์„ฑ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉํŒŒ๊ด€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ 3์ฐจ์› ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•ด ๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ฐจ์› ์••์ถ•์„ฑ ์œ ๋™์—์„œ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์ง„๋™์˜ ํšจ์œจ์  ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ MLP ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” 2์ฐจ์› ์œ ๋™์—์„œ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณดํƒœ์–ด 3์ฐจ์› ์ ์„ฑ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉํŒŒ๊ด€ ์œ ๋™์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ฝ”๋„ˆ ์œ ๋™์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค

    MLP ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ 3์ฐจ์› ์ ์„ฑ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉํŒŒ๊ด€ ์œ ๋™์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜์  ํ•ด์„ = Numerical analysis of three-dimensional vuscous shock tube problem using multi-dimensional limiting process (MLP)

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” 2์ฐจ์› ์œ ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์˜๋œ ์ ์„ฑ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉํŒŒ๊ด€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ 3์ฐจ์› ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•ด ๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ฐจ์› ์••์ถ•์„ฑ ์œ ๋™์—์„œ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์ง„๋™์˜ ํšจ์œจ์  ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ MLP ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฒฝ๋ฉด์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” 2์ฐจ์› ์œ ๋™์—์„œ์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณดํƒœ์–ด 3์ฐจ์› ์ ์„ฑ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉํŒŒ๊ด€ ์œ ๋™์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ฝ”๋„ˆ ์œ ๋™์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค

    PREDICTION OF AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND BODY VORTICES OVER SUPERSONIC MISSILES

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    In this study, NASA test model with four cruciform fins is utilized to validate the in-house code. Surface pressure distribution and aerodynamic coefficients are compared with experimental data. Through extensive validation work, it is verified that the code has capability to predict aerodynamic characteristics of missile configuration. In inviscid analysis through a relatively low computational time, analysis result close to experimental data can be confirmed. However, at high angle of attack more than 20 degree, the accuracy of analysis is gradually decreased due to massive separation. In addition, it has been seen that Reynolds number, turbulence model and numerical method have effects on body vortices and aerodynamic characteristics.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ BK21 ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ฐ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๊ณผํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ง€์› ํ•˜์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Œ.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2010-01/104/0000004648/23SEQ:23PERF_CD:SNU2010-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:104USER_ID:0000004648ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A001138DEPT_CD:446CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:์ดˆ์Œ์†_์œ ๋„ํƒ„์˜_๋™์ฒด_์™€๋ฅ˜_์˜ˆ์ธก_๋ฐ_๊ณต๋ ฅ_ํŠน์„ฑ_๋ถ„์„.pdfDEPT_NM:๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€EMAIL:[email protected]:

    Multi-dimensional Limiting Process for Three-dimensional Flow Physics Analyses

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    OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2005-01/104/0000004648/15SEQ:15PERF_CD:SNU2005-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:104USER_ID:0000004648ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A001138DEPT_CD:446CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:3์ฐจ์› ์œ ๋™ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ MLP๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ.pdfDEPT_NM:๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€EMAIL:[email protected]:

    Flow Physics Analyses Using Multi-dimensional Limiting Process on Unstructured Grids

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    OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2008-01/104/0000004648/36SEQ:36PERF_CD:SNU2008-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:104USER_ID:0000004648ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A001138DEPT_CD:446CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:๋น„์ •๋ ฌ_๊ฒฉ์ž๊ณ„์—์„œ_๋‹ค์ฐจ์›_๊ณต๊ฐ„_์ œํ•œ_๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„_์ด์šฉํ•œ_์œ ๋™_๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ_ํ•ด์„.pdfDEPT_NM:๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€EMAIL:[email protected]:
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