Photodelivery of β-phenylethylamines

We have developed the first photodonors for the trace amino neurotransmitters, β-phenylethylamine (DPSY1) and β-methylphenylethylamine (DPSY2). Our photodonors react rapidly with photosensitized singlet dioxygen (1O2) to yield the amines. The photodelivery of β-phenylethylamine into aqueous solutions by employing liposome scaffolds is successfully demonstrated. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry

Factors Affecting Life Satisfaction of Caregiving Experienced Grandparents

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 간호대학 간호학과, 2022.2. Sunghee H Tak.As the Korean women’s economic participation rate and the dual-income households have increased, the proportion of grandparents taking care of their grandchildren has increased. However, old age is a period in which health problems such as chronic diseases and functional deterioration are increasing. Various studies have been conducted in various academic fields, but there are limitations in comprehensively assessing the health of the caregiving grandparents. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the health status of the elderly in multiple dimensions, and compare the difference according to whether they have experience of caregiving or not, and to explore factors affecting the life satisfaction of the grandparents who have experience of caregiving. This study is a secondary data analysis using raw data from the “2018 7th Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing” conducted by Korea Employment Information Service. The purpose of the study is to compare the health status, social activity, physical function, cognitive function, depression, and life satisfaction of the elderly according to the grandchild care experience, and to investigate the factors that have affect on the life satisfaction of the grandparents who have experience of caregiving. In the study, the participants were 3,376 people from the “2018 7th Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing”, who aged 65 and over, have grandchildren, and responded to the questionnaires all by themselves. The questionnaires of sociodemographic characteristics, disease, pain, self-rated health, social activity, physical function, cognitive function, depression, and life satisfaction from the “2018 7th Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing” were used as study variables, and the collected data analysis was performed with the SPSS 25.0 statistical analysis program. Differences of sociodemographic characteristics, disease, pain, self-rated health, social activity, physical function, cognitive function, depression, and life satisfaction according to the experience of caring for grandchildren were analyzed using independent t-test and chi-square analysis. Mann-Whitney test, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test, and Pearson’s correlation are used to analyze the difference of life satisfaction according to demographic characteristics, disease, pain, self-rated health, social activity, physical function, cognitive function, and depression of the grandparents who have experience of caregiving. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the factors influencing the life satisfaction of the grandparents who have experience of caregiving. The specific research results are as follows. 1) In this study, the number of diseases was significantly higher in the caregiving experienced grandparents(t=2.148, p=.032). In particular, it was found that caregiving experienced grandparents were more likely to be suffered from arthritis or rheumatism(=14.533, p<.001). The number of pain points was significantly higher in the caregiving experienced grandparents(t=2.288, p=.024), and the self-rated health of the caregiving experienced grandparents was significantly poorer(=13.020, p=.016). Among social activities, only employment status showed a significant difference in that the caregiving experienced grandparents were more likely to be unemployed(=12.276, p<.001). Activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, cognitive function, depression, and life satisfaction did not differ according to the experience of caregivng. 2) The caregiving experienced grandparents seems to have higher life satisfaction if the person is younger(r=-.206, p=.014), men(t=2.927, p=.004), have a spouse(t=2.224, p=.027), and have higher education level(=17.847, p<.001). Moreover, the group without disease(Z=-2.348, p=.018) and pain(t=3.627, p<.001) had higher life satisfaction, and the better the self-rated health(r=.497, p<.001), the more frequent meeting with close friends, relatives, and neighbors(=17.656, p=.001), the greater the number of groups participating(r=.256, p=.002), the better the cognitive function(r=.453, p<.001), fewer depressive symptoms(r=-.414, p<.001), and more independent with the instrumental activities of daily living(r=-.234, p=.005) had higher life satisfaction rates. 3) Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors affecting the life satisfaction of the caregiving experienced grandparents. As a result of the analysis, meeting with close people(B=9.922, p=.011), slef-rated health(B=5.396, p<.001), cognitive function(B=.672, p=.016), and depression(B=-.497, p=.015) was found to have a significant effect on life satisfaction. Considering the results of the study, in order to improve the life satisfaction of the grandparents who experienced caregiving, it is necessary to organize a self-help group as a support system so that they can promote positive social relationship and provide emotional support. Also it is necessary to develop and apply a health promotion program that grandparents and grandchildren can do together.우리나라 여성의 경제참여율 증가로 맞벌이 가구가 증가되었다. 이로 인해 조부모가 영유아의 양육에 참여하게 된 비율이 증가하였다. 노년기는 만성질병 증가와 신체기능 저하 등의 건강 문제가 증가하는 시기로, 노인이 손자녀를 돌보는 것에 대해 다양한 학문분야에서 다각적인 연구가 진행되었으나, 손자녀 돌봄 노인의 건강을 종합적으로 판단하는데 한계가 있었다. 따라서 노인의 손자녀 돌봄 경험 유무에 따른 노인의 건강상태를 종합적으로 파악하고, 손자녀 돌봄 경험 노인의 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 탐색하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구는 한국고용정보원의 “2018년 제7차 고령화연구패널조사“의 원시자료를 활용한 2차 자료 분석 연구로, 만 65세 이상 노인의 손자녀 돌봄 경험 유무에 따른 질병, 통증, 주관적 건강상태, 사회활동, 신체기능, 인지기능, 우울, 그리고 삶의 만족도를 비교하고, 손자녀 돌봄 경험 노인의 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향요인을 탐색하기 위해 시행되었다. 연구 대상은 “2018년 제7차 고령화연구패널조사”에서 손자녀가 있는, 타인의 도움 없이 스스로 설문지에 응답한 65세 이상 노인 3,376명을 추출하였으며, 분석에 활용한 변수는 “2018년 제7차 고령화연구패널조사”의 인구사회학적 특성과 질병, 통증, 주관적 건강상태, 사회활동, 신체기능, 인지기능, 우울, 그리고 삶의 만족도의 설문 문항을 이용하였다. 수집된 자료의 분석은 SPSS 25.0 통계분석 프로그램을 이용하여 실시하였다. 손자녀 돌봄 경험 유무에 따른 인구사회학적 특성, 질병과 통증, 주관적 건강상태, 사회활동, 신체기능, 인지기능, 우울, 그리고 삶의 만족도의 차이는 독립 t검정과 카이제곱 분석을 이용하여 분석하였고, 손자녀 돌봄 경험 노인의 인구사회학적 특성, 질병과 통증, 주관적 건강상태, 사회활동, 신체기능, 인지기능, 우울에 따른 삶의 만족도의 차이를 분석하기 위해 Mann-Whitney test, ANOVA와 Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson’s correlation를 이용하였다. 손자녀 돌봄 경험 노인의 삶의 만족도의 영향요인을 탐색하기 위해 다중선형회귀분석을 이용하였다. 구체적인 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 본 연구에서 손자녀 돌봄 경험 노인의 질병 개수가 통계적으로 유의하게 많았다(t=2.148, p=.032). 특히 관절염/류마티즘을 앓고 있는 손자녀 돌봄 경험 노인이 유의하게 많은 것으로 나타났다(=14.533, p<.001). 손자녀 돌봄 경험 노인의 통증부위 개수가 유의하게 많았고(t=2.288, p=.024), 손자녀 돌봄 경험 노인의 주관적 건강상태가 유의하게 나빴다(=13.020, p=.016). 사회활동 중 근로상태만 손자녀 돌봄 경험 노인이 무직인 경우가 더 많은 것으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(=12.276, p<.001). 일상생활수행능력, 도구적 일상생활수행능력, 인지기능, 우울, 그리고 삶의 만족도는 손자녀 돌봄 경험 유무에 따라 차이가 없었다. 2) 손자녀 돌봄 경험 노인의 연령이 낮을수록(r=-.206, p=.014), 남성인 경우(t=2.927, p=.004), 배우자가 있는 경우(t=2.224, p=.027), 그리고 교육수준이 높을수록(=17.847, p<.001) 삶의 만족도가 높았다. 또한 질병(Z=-2.348, p=.018)과 통증(t=3.627, p<.001)이 없는 집단의 삶의 만족도가 높았고, 주관적 건강상태가 좋을수록(r=.497, p<.001), 가까운 친구, 친척, 이웃사촌과 자주 만날수록(=17.656, p=.001), 참여하는 모임 개수가 많을수록(r=.256, p=.002), 인지기능이 좋을수록(r=.453, p<.001), 우울 증상이 적을수록(r=-.414, p<.001), 도구적 일상생활수행능력이 독립적일수록(r=-.234, p=.005) 삶의 만족도가 높았다. 3) 손자녀 돌봄 경험 노인의 삶의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하기 위해 다중선형회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 가까운 사람들과 만나는 것(B=9.922, p=.011), 주관적 건강상태(B=5.396, p<.001), 인지기능(B=.672, p=.016), 그리고 우울(B=-.497, p=.015)이 삶의 만족도에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 전국단위 대규모 조사 자료인 “2018년 제7차 고령화연구패널조사” 자료를 바탕으로 2차 자료 분석을 실시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 손자녀 돌봄 경험 유무에 따른 노인의 건강상태를 다양한 기능을 고려하여 분석하고, 그 기능들이 손자녀 돌봄 경험 노인의 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향을 탐색하였다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 연구 결과를 종합해보았을 때 손자녀 돌봄 경험 노인의 삶의 만족도를 향상시키기 위해서는 손자녀 돌봄 경험 노인 자조모임을 구성하여 긍정적인 사회활동 증진 및 정서적 지지를 할 수 있는 지원 체계를 형성하고, 손자녀 돌봄 경험 노인과 손자녀가 함께 할 수 있는 건강증진 프로그램을 개발하고 적용하는 것이 필요하다.제 1 장 서론 1 1. 연구 필요성 1 2. 연구 목적 4 3. 용어 정의 5 제 2 장 문헌고찰 8 1. 노인의 손자녀 돌봄 경험 8 2. 노인의 삶의 만족도 영향요인 15 제 3 장 연구방법 17 1. 연구 설계 및 자료 17 2. 연구대상 18 3. 연구도구 20 4. 윤리적 고려 23 5. 자료 분석 방법 23 제 4 장 연구결과 24 1. 손자녀 돌봄 경험 유무에 따른 차이 24 2. 손자녀 돌봄 경험 노인의 특성에 따른 삶의 만족도의 차이 31 3. 손자녀 돌봄 경험 노인의 삶의 만족도 영향 요인 36 제 5 장 논의 38 1. 손자녀 돌봄 경험 유무에 따른 차이 38 2. 손자녀 돌봄 경험 노인의 삶의 만족도 영향 요인 41 제 6 장 결론 및 제언 44 참고문헌 45 부록 61 Abstract 67석

Poly(4`-(2,2-dialkynyl)ethenylstilbene-4-carboxylate)의 합성 및 특성 연구

Thesis (master`s)--서울대학교 대학원 :응용화학부,2003.Chromophoric interactions in conjugated polymers have critical effects on performance of electroluminescence (EL) devices. One of the tactics to control it is to optimize the degree of insulation with alkyl chains. So we suggested a AB2 type hyperbranched copolymer system which have 4-ethenylstilbene as a chromophore for A, and various alkyl chains for B. Via Heck reaction followed by Sonogashira reaction, we successfully synthesized ready-to-polymerize monomer with good yield, and the polymers were obtained through optimized Mitsunobu condensation. Synthesized polymers showed moderate thermal stability up to 300 oC. Compared with monomer, polymer solution in CHCl3 presented same absorption transition. In addition, λabs maxs of polymer films coated on to glass were blue shifted relative to polymer solution, and λems max s of them were red shifted. As varying alkyl chain length from butynyl to undecynyl, fluorescence quantum yields were increased 15-fold.Maste

Amplified circularly polarized phosphorescence from co-assemblies of platinum(II) complexes

Molecules capable of producing zero-field circularly polarized phosphorescence (CPP) are highly valuable for chiroptoelectronic applications that rely on triplet exciton. However, the paucity of tractable molecular design rules for obtaining CPP emission has inhibited full utilization. We report amplification of CPP by the formation of helical co-assemblies consisting of achiral square planar cycloplatinated complexes and small fractions of homochiral cycloplatinated complexes. The latter has a unique Pfeiffer effect during the formation of superhelical co-assemblies, enabling versatile chiroptical control. Large dissymmetry factors in electronic absorption (g(abs), 0.020) and phosphorescence emission (g(lum), 0.064) are observed from the co-assemblies. These values are two orders of magnitude improved relative to those of individual molecules. In addition, photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) also increase by a factor of ten. Our structural, photophysical, and quantum chemical investigations reveal that the chiroptical amplification is attributable to utilization of both the magnetically allowed electronic transition and asymmetric coupling of excitons. The strategy overcomes the trade-off between glum and PLQY which has frequently been found for previous molecular emitters of circularly polarized luminescence. It is anticipated that our study will provide new insight into the future research for the exploitation of the full potential of CPP

Generation of N-Centered Radicals via a Photocatalytic Energy Transfer: Remote Double Functionalization of Arenes Facilitated by Singlet Oxygen

An unprecedented approach to the generation of an N-centered radical via a photocatalytic energy-transfer process from readily available heterocyclic precursors is reported, which is distinctive of the previous electron transfer approaches. In combination with singlet oxygen, the in-situ-generated nitrogen radical from the oxadiazoline substrate in the presence of fac-Ir(ppy)(3) undergoes a selective ipso addition to arenes to furnish remotely double-functionalized Spiro-azalactam products. The mechanistic studies provide compelling evidence that the catalytic cycle selects the energy-transfer pathway. A concurrent activation of molecular oxygen to generate singlet oxygen by energy transfer is also rationalized. Furthermore, the occurrence of the electron transfer phenomenon is excluded on the basis of the negative driving forces for one-electron transfer between oxadiazoline and the excited state of fac-Ir(ppy)(3) with a consideration of their redox potentials. The necessity of singlet oxygen as well as the photoactivated oxadiazoline substrate is clearly supported by a series of controlled experiments. Density functional studies have also been carried out to support these observations. The scope of substrates is explored by synthesizing diversely functionalized cyclohexadienone moieties in view of their utility in complex organic syntheses and as potential targets in pharmacology

Chemical tools for the generation and detection of singlet oxygen

Growing evidence indicates intermediacy of singlet dioxygen (1O2) in a variety of pathophysiological processes. 1O2 has also found great utility of destructive actions for clinical and environmental applications. However, many details of the molecular mechanisms mediated by 1O2 remain insufficiently understood. Efforts to elucidate the 1O2 chemistry have been hampered by the lack of chemical tools capable of generation and detection of 1O2. In this review, I summarize the recent advances in the development of the chemical tools of 1O2. This article focuses on two topics. The first part introduces chemical methods for ground-state generation of 1O2. Designs of the molecular carriers of 1O2 are also explained. The second part discloses molecular probes of 1O2. The probes are categorized into three groups, depending on signaling modalities: absorption-based probes, photoluminescent probes, and chemiluminescent probes. Focus is on the molecular design to maximize the signaling actions. Disadvantages of using the probes are also discussed to motivate the future research. I hope that this review will serve as helpful guidance to the exploitation and development of the chemical tools of 1O2. © 2018 The Royal Society of Chemistry

A singlet oxygen photosensitizer enables photoluminescent monitoring of singlet oxygen doses

A molecular dyad that can photosensitize and visualize singlet oxygen (O-1(2)) was developed. The dual photofunction enables ratiometric photoluminescence monitoring of the progress of O-1(2)-induced cell death

Wholly pi-Conjugated Low-Molecular-Weight Organogelator That Displays Triple-Channel Responses to Fluoride Ions

A novel salicylidene aniline-based wholly pi-conjugated molecule that could be self-assembled into an organogel was synthesized. The rigid organogel collapsed into fluid solutions with significant changes in UV-vis absorption and fluorescence colors in response to fluoride ions. It was found that the hydroxyl group in the salicyliclene aniline moiety played a key role not only in the gelation but also in fluoride ion responses

일반화 경사 처짐법을 이용한 중간 갑판 유조선의 최적구조설계

학위논문(석사)--서울大學校 大學院 :造船海洋工學科,1995.Maste

Visible-Light-Induced Trifluoromethylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Tri(9-anthryl)borane as an Organophotocatalyst

Tri(9-anthryl)borane was successfully applied as an organophotocatalyst for the visible-light-induced trifluoromethylation of unactivated alkenes with CF3I. The mild reaction conditions tolerated a variety of functional groups, and the reaction could be extended to perfluoroalkylations with C3F7I and C4F9I. Mechanistic studies revealed that the photoredox catalysis involves an oxidative quenching pathway