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    ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ ์ธ์‹ ๋ฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 8. ์‹ ์ •์ฒ .์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ์€ ์˜ˆ๋น„๊ต์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ต์œก์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํฌ๊ด„์  ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ต์ง(ๆ•Ž่ท)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ํƒœ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•จ์–‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ด๋‹ค(๋ฐ•์ƒ์™„, 2000a). ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ด ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•ด์™”๋‹ค(๊ฐ•ํ™˜๊ตญ, 1982Weiss, 1980). ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ต์œก์ด๋ก ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‹ค์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์ ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋„“ํžˆ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ์ฒ˜ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ด์™”๋‹ค(Lagemann, 2009). ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ต์œกํ•™ ์ด๋ก ์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜์–ด ์™”์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ต์‚ฌ์–‘์„ฑ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ์„ ์ด์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ง„๋‹จํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ ๋‹ด๋‹น๊ต์ˆ˜์™€ ํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ž…ํ•™๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ์ง„๋กœ์ธ์‹์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ๊ฐ€? ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ต์ง์ด๋ก ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ธ์‹์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ด๋‹น๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์…‹์งธ, ๊ต์ง์ด๋ก ๊ณผ๋ชฉ ์ˆ˜์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™ 4๊ณณ์„ ๊ต์‚ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ ์ •๋œ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ 2014๋…„ 1ํ•™๊ธฐ ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ ๋‹ด๋‹น๊ต์ˆ˜ 75๋ช…, ์ˆ˜๊ฐ• ํ•™์ƒ์ด 3,214๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ 4์›” ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ๊ฐ„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ต์ˆ˜ ์„ค๋ฌธ 60๋ถ€์™€ ํ•™์ƒ ์„ค๋ฌธ 2,400๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ฌธ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ž…ํ•™๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ์ง„๋กœ์ธ์‹์€ ๊ต์ฐจ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์นด์ด์ œ๊ณฑ๊ฒ€์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ต์ง ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜-ํ•™์ƒ ์ธ์‹ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝํ‘œ๋ณธ t๊ฒ€์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์ง์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€ ์ค‘๋‹คํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฒซ์งธ, ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์ƒ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ•™์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋ฉฐ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์„œ, ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž…ํ•™ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์‹ ๋ถ„ ๋ณด์žฅ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ต์ง์ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž…ํ•™ ๋ฐ ๊ต์ง์ด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๋„ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ๋กœ์„œ ๊ต์ง(ๆ•Ž่ท)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 1ํ•™๋…„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค 60%๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•™๋…„์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ทธ ๋น„์œจ์€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ ธ 4ํ•™๋…„์˜ ์•ฝ 39.5%๋งŒ์ด ๊ต์ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ„์† ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ง„๋กœ์ธ์‹์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ์ด 18.9%, ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์ด 19.8%์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ด์ˆ˜ ๊ทœ์ • ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์—…์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งž์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ ์ฒญํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•™๊ตํ˜„์žฅ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์‹์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ์˜์—ญ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ์˜์—ญ์„ ์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•™๋ฌธ๊ณผ๋ชฉ(๊ต์œกํ•™๊ฐœ๋ก , ๊ต์œก์ฒ ํ•™ ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก์‚ฌ, ๊ต์œก์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ๊ต์œก์‚ฌ)์—์„œ ์‘์šฉํ•™๋ฌธ๊ณผ๋ชฉ(๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •, ๊ต์œกํ‰๊ฐ€, ๊ต์œกํ–‰์ • ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก๊ฒฝ์˜, ๊ต์œก๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก๊ณตํ•™, ์ƒํ™œ์ง€๋„ ๋ฐ ์ƒ๋‹ด) ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ์ค‘์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ ์ดํ•ด, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ด๋ก  ํ•™์Šต, ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํƒœ๋„ํ˜•์„ฑ ์˜์—ญ์€ ํ•™์Šต์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•™์Šต์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ˆ˜์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ต์ง ์ˆ˜์—… ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ํ•™์Šต์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๋” ์œ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ํ•™์Šต์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋” ์œ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ก ์„ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ˆ๋ชฉ๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ต์ง์ด๋ก  ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ํ•™๊ตํ˜„์žฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์—…๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ ์šฉํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ์ง€์‹์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ค‘๋“ฑ๊ต์‚ฌ์–‘์„ฑ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐ ์šด์˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ œ์–ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ์€ ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์–‘๊ณผ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ํ˜„์ง๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง์ „๊ต์œก์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ˜„์žฅ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„œ ์šด์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ๊ต์–‘์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ต์ง์ด๋ก ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌ ํฌ๋ง ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚˜ ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ์€ ๊ต์ง์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ต์œกํ•™ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์ง€์‹์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•ด ๊ต์œก ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ† ๋ก ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉฐ, ๊ต์ˆ˜์™€ ํ•™์ƒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ต์ง๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์–‘๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ์ œ๋„์  ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. 2014 ๊ต์›์ž๊ฒฉ ์‹ค๋ฌดํŽธ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ต์ˆ˜์š”๋ชฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ต์œกํ˜„์žฅ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ๋„ ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ์„ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ตํ˜„์žฅ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์‹์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ปธ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹ค์ œ์  ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜์™€ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ธ์‹ ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•™์ƒ์€ ๊ต์›์ž๊ฒฉ์ฆ ์ทจ๋“๊ณผ ์กธ์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ต์ง์ด๋ก  12ํ•™์ (6๊ณผ๋ชฉ) ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ด์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋งค์ฃผ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์ธ์›์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค๋ค„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•™๊ตํ˜„์žฅ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋” ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ์ง€์‹์ด ์™œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต์ง์ด๋ก ์ด ์™œ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ต์ง์ด๋ก ์ˆ˜์—…๊ณผ ์ž„์šฉ์‹œํ—˜ ์ค‘ ๊ต์œกํ•™ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 2013๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ๊ต์œกํ•™ ์˜์—ญ์ด ๋…ผ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ ๊ต์ง์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ต์œกํ•™ ๋…ผ์ˆ  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํŠน์ • ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ์ง€์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถœ์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ต์ง์ˆ˜์—…์ด ์ž„์šฉ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋™๊ธฐ์œ ๋ฐœ์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๊ต์œกํ•™ ์ž„์šฉ์‹œํ—˜์€ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ๊ต์ง์ด๋ก ์ง€์‹์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ ๋‹ด๋‹น๊ต์ˆ˜์—๊ฒŒ Pass/Fail์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ์ด์–‘ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.I. ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 4 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 5 4. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 7 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 8 1. ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํŠน์ง• 8 ๊ฐ€. ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„ 8 ๋‚˜. ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ํŠน์ง• 14 2. ๊ต์ง์ด๋ก ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 15 ๊ฐ€. ๊ต์ง์ด๋ก ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ์ •์˜ 15 ๋‚˜. ๊ต์ง์ด๋ก ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 16 3. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  21 ๊ฐ€. ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์ƒ ์ž…ํ•™๋™๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ง„๋กœ์ธ์‹ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 21 ๋‚˜. ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์ง๊ณผ๋ชฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 23 ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์—… ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์š”์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 26 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 28 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชจํ˜• 28 2. ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ 29 ๊ฐ€. ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ 20 ๋‚˜. ๋ถ„์„ ์ž๋ฃŒ 30 3. ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 36 ๊ฐ€. ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ž…ํ•™๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ์ง„๋กœ์ธ์‹ ๋ถ„์„ 36 ๋‚˜. ๊ต์ง์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ ๋ฐ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ์ธ์‹ ๋ถ„์„ 37 ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ถ„์„ 39 โ…ฃ. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 45 1. ๊ต์ง๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ ์ธ์‹ 45 ๊ฐ€. ์ž…ํ•™ ๋ฐ ๊ต์ง์ด์ˆ˜ ๋™๊ธฐ 45 ๋‚˜. ์ง์—…์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง„๋กœ์ธ์‹ 51 2. ๊ต์ง ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ 54 ๊ฐ€. ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์‹ ์ฒญ๋™๊ธฐ 54 ๋‚˜. ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ์ธ์‹ 57 ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ํ•™์ƒ-๋‹ด๋‹น๊ต์ˆ˜ ์ธ์‹ ๋น„๊ต 61 ๋ผ. ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ํ•™์ƒ-๋‹ด๋‹น๊ต์ˆ˜ ์ธ์‹ ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฒ€์ • 71 3. ์ˆ˜์—…ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 82 ๊ฐ€. ๋ถ„์„ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 82 ๋‚˜. ์ˆ˜์—…ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ถ„์„ 84 โ…ค. ํ•ด์„ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 88 1. ๊ต์ง์ด๋ก ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ 88 ๊ฐ€. ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ž…ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ง์ด๋ก ๊ณผ๋ชฉ 88 ๋‚˜. ๊ต์ง๊ณผ ๊ต์‚ฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต์ง์ด๋ก ๊ณผ๋ชฉ 89 ๋‹ค. ์ด์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์ง์ด๋ก ๊ณผ๋ชฉ 90 2. ๊ต์ง์ด๋ก ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ์ธ์‹ 91 ๊ฐ€. ๊ต์ˆ˜(teaching)๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต(learning)์˜ ๊ดด๋ฆฌ 91 ๋‚˜. ๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋ณ„ ์ธ์‹ ์ฐจ์ด 91 ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์—…์šด์˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ ์ฐจ์ด 92 3. ๊ต์ง์ด๋ก ๊ณผ๋ชฉ ์ˆ˜์—… ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์š”์ธ 93 ๊ฐ€. ์ˆ˜์—…ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์—…์šด์˜ 93 ๋‚˜. ํ•™์ƒํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜ํŠน์„ฑ 94 โ…ฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 96 1. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  96 2. ์ œ์–ธ 98 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 101 ๋ถ€ ๋ก 109 Abstract 123Maste

    A Comparative Study on Korean-Chinese-Japanese International Students Attraction Policy

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ, ์ค‘๊ตญ, ์ผ๋ณธ 3๊ตญ์˜ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์œ ํ•™์ƒ ์œ ์น˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์œ ํ•™์ƒ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™์ˆ ์  ์ดํ•ด์˜ ์ง€ํ‰์„ ๋„“ํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋“ค์–ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ฐ„ ๊ต๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์œ ํ•™์ƒ์€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ต์œกํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›์Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ํ•œยท์ค‘ยท์ผ 3๊ตญ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์œ ํ•™์ƒ ์œ ์น˜ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•ด์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 3๊ตญ์˜ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์œ ํ•™์ƒ ์œ ์น˜ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์ „๊ฐœ๋œ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์œ ์น˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ, ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ถ”์ง„ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ , ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋“ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ•œยท์ค‘ยท์ผ 3๊ตญ์€ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์œ ํ•™์ƒ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์–‘์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ๋ƒˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์œ ํ•™์ƒ ์ถœ์‹ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ ๋ฆผ, ์ธ๋ฌธ๊ณ„์—ด ํŽธ์ค‘ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์–ธ์–ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋œ ์ทจ์—… ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์„ยท๋ฐ•์‚ฌ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์‘์šฉ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ์˜ ์œ ํ•™์ƒ ์œ ์น˜๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์œ ํ•™์ƒ ์–‘์  ํ™•๋Œ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์งˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ง€์ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์œ ํ•™์ƒ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์งˆ์  ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์œ ํ•™์ƒ ์œ ์น˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์œ ํ•™์ƒ ์œ ์น˜ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์œ ํ•™์ƒ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ์งˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ๋ณด์™„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰๋  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. This study aims to identify the current status of attracting international students, which is receiving a lot of attention as the heart of the global educational cooperation in these days of intensifying exchange between worldwide universities in line with the era of global education, look at the relevant policies in the order of Korea, China, and Japan, and make a comparative study on the three countries' status. To achieve this, it looks at the development process of international students attraction policies of Korea, China, and Japan, respectively and the current status of attracting international students and the outcomes and limitations of international students attraction for each country, and elaborates the theoretical outline for international students attraction policy in Korea to widen the horizon of understanding. It also looks at the purpose and plan of international students attraction policies in Korea, China, and Japan, the current status with number of international students, their country of origin, major, and degree course classified, and outcomes and limitations comprehensively, discusses the issue(s) in dispute, and draw suggestions. This study is expected to be helpful for activating more educational cooperation including international students exchange between Korea, China, and Japan. Furthermore, it expects that our country's educational policy and each country's educational policy can flow organically and consistently within the framework of global education

    The Influence of Dual-major Degree Program on Employment Outcomes of University Graduates

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    ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ „๊ณต ์ด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 4๋…„์ œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•™ ์กธ์—…์ƒ์˜ ์ฒซ ์ง์žฅ ์ทจ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณ ์šฉ์ •๋ณด์›์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” 2010๋…„๋„ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์กธ์—…์ž ์ง์—…์ด๋™๊ฒฝ๋กœ์กฐ์‚ฌ(GOMS) ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ทจ์—…์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ณ ์ •ํšจ๊ณผ(college fixed effect) ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์ „๊ณต ๋ฐ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ „๊ณต ๊ณ„์—ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ „๊ณต ์ด์ˆ˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์ฃผ์ „๊ณต ๊ณ„์—ด๊ณผ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ „๊ณต ๊ณ„์—ด ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ํ•ญ์„ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ชจํ˜•์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ฒซ์งธ, ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ „๊ณต ์ด์ˆ˜์ž์˜ ์ทจ์—… ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ ๋‹จ์ผ ์ „๊ณต์ž์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์•ฝ 1.3๋ฐฐ, ์ฒซ ์ง์žฅ์˜ ์›”ํ‰๊ท  ์†Œ๋“์€ ์•ฝ 5.5๋งŒ ์› ์ •๋„ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, ์ฒซ ์ง์žฅ์˜ ์ •๊ทœ์ง ์—ฌ๋ถ€์—๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ทจ์—… ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ์ฒซ ์ง์žฅ์˜ ์ •๊ทœ์ง ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ „๊ณต ๋ฐ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ „๊ณต์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ฒซ ์ง์žฅ ์›”ํ‰๊ท  ์†Œ๋“์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ฃผ์ „๊ณต๊ณผ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ „๊ณต์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ธ๋ฌธ๊ณ„์—ด ์ฃผ์ „๊ณต์ž๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋ฌธ๊ณ„์—ด ๋‚ด ํƒ€์ „๊ณต์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์—ด๋กœ ๋ณต์ˆ˜์ „๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ธ๋ฌธ๊ณ„์—ด๋งŒ ์ „๊ณตํ•œ ์กธ์—…์ƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ฒซ ์ง์žฅ ์›”ํ‰๊ท  ์†Œ๋“์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 17๋งŒ ์›, 11๋งŒ ์› ์ •๋„ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค.This research was carried out on 4-year university graduates, with the aim of analyzing the effect of having a dual-major on their employment outcome. The data used in this analysis is from the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey 2010 (GOMS), provided by the Korean Employment Information Service. The analysis method used in this study is the College Fixed Effect model which is useful when controlling the distinct characteristics of the universities. We also analyzed their interaction between single major and dual-major degrees to examine the differences in employment outcome. As a result, the research showed that the completion of a dual major program had a significant effect on their salary of their first job. However, it did not have effect on the contract type of the employment (permanent contract). Secondly, there was no interaction effect between the major program and dual-major in terms of the employment outcome and whether the individual obtained permanent position. Thirdly, in terms of the monthly salary on first job, the interaction of major-program and dual-major program has shown significant effect partially, especially for liberal arts graduates with a dual major in other liberal arts subject, commerce and business subjects had a higher average salary than their peers who had major in liberal arts only

    The Case Study on Development Education in Higher Education: focused on Development Awareness Program of KOICA

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    ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” KOICA์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์ดํ•ด์ฆ์ง„์‚ฌ์—…(์ดํ•˜ ์ดํ•ด์ฆ์ง„์‚ฌ์—…)์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ต์œก ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์šด์˜ ์‹คํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ต์œก์— ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , KOICA ODA ๊ต์œก์›์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก ํ†ต๊ณ„์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด 2009๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2013๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ต๊ณผ๋ชฉ ๊ฐœ์„ค ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์ƒ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐœ๊ด„ํ•˜๊ณ , 2013๋…„๋„ ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ดˆ์ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ฉด๋‹ด(Focus Group Interview, FGI)์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์ƒ์ด ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ดํ•ด์ฆ์ง„์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ต์œก์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์–ด ์™”์œผ๋‚˜, ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์†Œ์žฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ต์œก๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์ดํ•ด์ฆ์ง„์‚ฌ์—… ๊ต๊ณผ๋ชฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๊ตญ์ œ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์ธ์ง€์ œ๊ณ  ๋ฐ ํ™๋ณด์— ํŽธ์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ด์Šˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ดํ•ด์ฆ์ง„์‚ฌ์—… ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ•์˜๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ๊นŠ์ด์™€, ๊ฐ•์‚ฌ์ง„์˜ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰, ํ•ด์™ธํ˜„์žฅํ™œ๋™๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์ •๋„ ๋“ฑ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŽธ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ต์œก ๊ด€๋ จ ํŠน๊ฐ•, ํ–‰์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ง€๋ฐฉ์—๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ„ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ดํ•ด์ฆ์ง„์‚ฌ์—… ๊ต๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ด ODA์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ค๋˜์–ด, ๊ต๊ณผ๋ชฉ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์šด์˜์ด ํ–‰ยท์žฌ์ •์  ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ํƒœ์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ดํ•ด์ฆ์ง„์‚ฌ์—… ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž์™€ ๊ต๊ณผ๋ชฉ ๋‹ด๋‹น๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๋น„์ „์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ต๊ณผ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์‹ฌํ™”ยท๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๊ฐ ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ๋„ ๊ต์–‘๊ฐ•์ขŒ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐํšŒ์™€ ์ €๋ณ€์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ง€์›ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.This research aims to examine courses in development education offered by 57 Korean universities that participated in the "Development Awareness Program" of KOICA from 2009 to 2013, thereby suggesting how to improve development education. To achieve this goal, this research analyzed the status of course offerings and enrollment in development education, using the KOICA ODA data and the national statistical data of higher education. This research also analyzed characteristics of curricular of development education courses, drawn from the final reports prepared by 43 Korean universities that participated in the 2013 KOICA program. Focus Group Interview was conducted to investigate students' perspectives on the course offering including the structure and content of the curriculum in development education as well. Findings from this research show that the development education courses through the KOICA program have contributed to enhancing college students' awareness of international development cooperation. Yet, learning opportunities are still limited, particularly at the universities located in the Non-Seoul Metropolitan Area. According to the research findings, development education courses are limited in that they do not fully address diverse issues of international develop cooperation. Lastly, while most of the curricula displayed high level of similarities, the depth of the courses and the level of expertise of lectures still vary across universities. These discrepancies among universities reflect limited funding resources and information available for the universities located in the Non-Seoul Metropolitan Area. These discrepancies also partly result from that development education courses are offered at universities mostly through a limited channel including the KOICA program. Based on these findings, this research suggests that goals and visions of development education as well the curriculum of development education should be elaborated. It is also suggested that individual universities make efforts to expand learning opportunity of development education by opening new development education courses as a part of liberal education
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