45 research outputs found

    A New Approach to Sex Segregation of Government and Public Administration in Korea: Determining the Concept of the Pink Collar Ghetto

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    ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ณต์ง์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ง๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•‘ํฌ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฒŒํ† (Pink Collar Ghetto)์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•‘ํฌ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฒŒํ† ๋Š” ๋ฒจ๋ฒณ๊ฒŒํ† (Velvet Ghetto)๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ง์žฅ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ•œ์ •๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ง์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์„œ๊ฐ€ ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ง์—…์  ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง‰๋Š” ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ง๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•‘ํฌ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฒŒํ† ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ณต์ง์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋„์ž…๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ง๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต์ง์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ํŠน์ • ์ง๋ฌด์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ•‘ํฌ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฒŒํ† ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ํ”ํžˆ ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”๋„๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ฒ˜์šฐ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์—…๋ฌด๋ถ„์•ผ๋‚˜ ๋ถ€์„œ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ง๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•‘ํฌ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฒŒํ† ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ง๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ค‘์•™ํ–‰์ •๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ง๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ์ธ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ง๋ฌด๋ณ„ ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ฐœ์ธ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์ฐจ์›์˜ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ง๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•‘ํฌ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฒŒํ† ์˜ ์กด์žฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์  ํ˜น์€ ์ˆ˜์ง์  ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•‘ํฌ์ปฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฒŒํ† ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ณผ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์ธ๊ณผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋“ค์€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ณต์ง์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ธ์‚ฌ์ •์ฑ…์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์Ÿ์ ๊ณผ ํ•จ์˜๋“ค์„ ๋˜์ ธ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค.The purpose of this empirical study was to confirm that the pink collar ghetto (velvet ghetto) exists among public officials. In addition, this study focused on gender related job segregation in Korean government and public administration. This study was conducted to investigate the mediating effect of sex differences on sex segregation in government and public administration to achieve these purposes. What is a clear-cut definition of the pink collar ghetto for women from a government and public administration perspective? The pink collar ghetto is used to describe the fact that women repeatedly and historically have been concentrated into underpaid low-wage jobs. The term was reportedly first introduced by Louise Kapp Howe in her 1977 book. Howe's work examined the experiences of women working in traditionally 'female' occupations such as interactive service work, personal service work, and person to person service encounters. The pink collar ghetto in government means that many women administrators are stuck in certain jobs, mostly in non-core departments, low-paying work, or at interactive service work, and usually because of their sex. The empirical results show significant evidence for the concept of the pink collar ghetto for women in Korean government and public administration. Based on these research findings, practical implications for public administrations and government were discussed.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2017๋…„ ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋ฏผ๊ตญ ๊ต์œก๋ถ€์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„(NRF-2017S1A5A2A03067744)

    Women Leaders and the Glass Cliff in Korea: Exploring the Dynamics Surrounding Women in Precarious Leadership Positions in the Public and Private Sectors

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    ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ณ ์œ„์ง ์—ฌ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ(Glass Cliff) ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์‹œ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ณต๏ฝฅ์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ง ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ช…์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ์€ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์Šน์ง„์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์œ„์ง์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ž์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง๋ฌด๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‡ด์ง ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์š”์•ฝ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ ์ด๋ก ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ณต๏ฝฅ์‚ฌ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋Œ€์ž…์ด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ณ ์œ„์ง๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…์ž„์›์˜ ๋‚จ๋…€ ํ‡ด์งํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ทน์†Œ์ˆ˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ํ‡ด์ง๋ฅ ์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ‡ด์ง์‚ฌ์œ ๋„ ์„ฑ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ์˜ ์กด์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ๋ง์˜ ์˜์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ค๋ฌธ์ž๋ฃŒ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์ด ์žฌ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ณ ์œ„์ง ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์กฐ์ง์œ ํ˜•์ด๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค. ์ž ์ •์ ์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์กฐ์ง์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์ด๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณ ์œ„์ง ๋‚จ๋…€๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋™๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜์šฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ณ ์œ„์ง ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ƒ์ •๋œ ์ด 6 ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์›์ธ์€ ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ ˆ๋ฒฝ์— ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ณ ์œ„์ง ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•จ์˜์™€ ์Ÿ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค

    A Study of New Approach to Countering Gender Discrimination against Women in Public Administration: An Empirical Study of Ambivalent Sexism Theory

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    ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ณต์ง์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์–‘์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์–‘๊ฐ€์  ์„ฑ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์ด๋ก (Ambivalent Sexism Theory)์˜ ์ ์šฉ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์–‘๊ฐ€์  ์„ฑ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์ด๋ก ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด ์„ฑ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ๊ต๋ฌ˜ํ•จ๊ณผ ํƒœ๋„์˜ ์ด์ค‘์  ์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์—ฌ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ๋Œ€์  ์ฐจ์›๊ณผ ์˜จ์ •์  ์ฐจ์›์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์–‘์ž ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ๊ฐœ๋…์ž„์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์–‘๊ฐ€์  ์„ฑ์ฐจ๋ณ„ ์ด๋ก ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ณต์ง์‚ฌํšŒ์—๋„ ํ•ด๋‹น๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๊ณต์ง์—์„œ์˜ ์–‘๊ฐ€์  ์„ฑ์ฐจ๋ณ„์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€ ์ด์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์›€๊ณผ ์• ์ •, ์งˆ์‹œ์™€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ, ์ ๋Œ€์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์˜จ์ •์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋’ค์„ž์ธ ์ด์ค‘์ ์ธ ์†์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋œ๋‹ค. ์ ๋Œ€์  ์„ฑ์ฐจ๋ณ„์€ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์  ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์žฅ์ฃผ์˜, ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์  ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์—…ํ™”, ์ ๋Œ€์  ์ด์„ฑ์• ๋กœ ํŠน์ง•ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜จ์ •์  ์„ฑ์ฐจ๋ณ„์€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋ถ€์žฅ์ฃผ์˜, ๋ณด์ถฉ์  ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์—…ํ™”, ์นœ๊ต์  ์ด์„ฑ์• ๋กœ ํŠน์ง•ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์–‘๊ฐ€์  ์„ฑ์ฐจ๋ณ„์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์–‘์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๋…€ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์–‘๊ฐ€์„ฑ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–‘์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์˜จ์ •์  ํŠน์ง•์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ ๋Œ€์  ์˜์‹์ด ์–‘์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ณต์ง ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์–‘์„ฑํ‰๋“ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐ ํ˜„ํ–‰ ์ธ์‚ฌ์ •์ฑ…์— ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Ÿ์ ๊ณผ ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.The purpose of this study was to confirm that the concept of ambivalent sexism exists in male-female relations in public administration. In addition, this study was performed to investigate the mediating effect of gender differences on gender equality in public administration. Ambivalent sexism is a construct composed of both hostile and benevolent prejudice toward women. Hostile sexism is an antagonistic attitude toward women, who are often viewed as trying to control men through feminist ideology or sexual seduction. Benevolent sexism is a chivalrous attitude toward women that feels favorable but is actually sexist because it casts women as weak creatures in need of men's protection. Ambivalent sexism refers to a form of sexism characterized by attitudes about women that reflect both negative resentful beliefs and feelings, and affectionate chivalrous, but potentially patronizing beliefs and feelings. The empirical results show strong evidence for the concept of ambivalent sexism in public administration. In addition, benevolent and hostile attitudes about the genders held by both women and men were related to negative relationship attitudes. Ironically, it may be that high levels of hostile sexism among men lead to high levels of benevolent sexism among women. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed based on these significant research findings

    A Study of Faculty Research Productivity and Its Determinants in the Field of Public Administration

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    ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ํ–‰์ •ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•ด์™ธ ํ•™๊ณ„์™€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์ด๊ณต๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊พธ์ค€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์˜จ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ํ–‰์ •ํ•™ ํ•„๋“œ์—์„œ ์•„์ง ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…๋„์ž…๊ณผ ์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•™๊ณ„ ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ช…์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋ก ์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•ด ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํ–‰์ •ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์€ ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์ข… ์ˆ˜๊ณ ์™€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•™๊ณ„์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ, ํ‰๊ฐ€, ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ช…๊ณผ ์ฑ…๋ฌด ๋ฐ ์ œ๋„์™€ ์ •์ฑ… ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ํ–‰์ •ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋–ค ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํŽธ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ์•„์ง ์—ด์•…ํ•œ ํŽธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ํ–‰์ •ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ ์–‘์ , ์งˆ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์ธ๊ฐ€? ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ 1์ธ๋‹น ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ 1.39ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํŽธ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ฐจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์  ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ์ง๊ธ‰๋ณ„, ํ•™์œ„๋ณ„ ํŽธ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ƒ ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์ข… ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ณ€์ˆ˜, ์ฆ‰ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๋ น๊ณผ ํ•™์œ„์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„์ง€์›, ๋ณด์ง ๋ฐ ๋ด‰์‚ฌ๋ถ€๋‹ด, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋…„ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ถ€, ๋Œ€ํ•™, ํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๊ณผ ํ•™์ˆ ์ •์ฑ…์— ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ๋“ค์„ ๋˜์ ธ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค

    Analysis of the success and failure of institutional arrangements for common-pool resource management : the cases of three fishing villages on Gaduk island, Busan

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    ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณต์œ ์ž์› ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ œ๋„์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€์ ์˜ ๋‹ค๊ฐํ™”์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์–ด์ดŒ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์—์„œ ์ž์œจ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ œ๋„์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์  ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์œ ์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์  ์„ ํƒ ์ฐจ์›์˜ 1์ฐจ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ๋Š” ์ œ๋„์˜ ์‹ ์„ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ จ๋œ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์šฉ๊ณผ ์šด์˜์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ 2์ฐจ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๋” ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฐ ๊ฐ€๋•๋„ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์‹ ์„ค์‹คํŒจ, ์‹ ์„ค์„ฑ๊ณต๊ณผ ์šด์˜์‹คํŒจ, ์‹ ์„ค์„ฑ๊ณต๊ณผ ์šด์˜์„ฑ๊ณต์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ œ๋„์‹ ์„ค์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์–ด์žฅ์ƒํƒœ, ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ๊ทœ๋ชจ, ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ, ์นœ๋ฐ€๊ฐ, ์‹ ๋ขฐ, ์ž์œจ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์–ด์—…์ œ๋„ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ธฐ์กด๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ”ผํ•ด์‚ฌ๊ฑด, ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์ง€์ง€์„ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฆฌ๋”, ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์šด์˜๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์ œ๋„์œ ์ง€์™€ ์šด์˜์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€ํ™”, ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์„ ์ขŒ์šฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—ฐ๋ น๊ณผ ๋งˆ์„์›๋กœ์˜ ์กด์žฌ, ๋ฆฌ๋”์˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๋„์šด์˜๊ณผ ์œ ์ง€์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ•„์š”์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ๋ณด์ƒ, ํ†ตํ•ฉ, ์ •๋ณด๊ทœ์น™์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ง€์†์  ์กฐ์ •, ๋ณด์™„์„ ์ „์ œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. The last two decades have seen a considerable amount of research that investigates the role of institutional analysis and development framework(IAD) factors such as physical attributes, attributes of the community, usage rules, and institutional arrangements. This study is a case study of three fishing communities ownership and use of coastal fishing on Gaduk Island, Busan, Korea. This study explored the relationships between physical attributes, attributes of the community, and usage rules following the success and failure of institutional arrangements in three fishing villages. To do that, the following issues were examined: First, self-management rules and formal rules are well harmonized and practiced in the case of the village of Daehang, but so far Nulcha and Chunsung have failed to come up with a solution. Second, strong leadership and positive support and voluntary cooperation among community residents are essential in the case of successful fishery management in Daehang. Third, trust, homogeneity and mixed age groups among residents are some of the most important factors in sharing values and resolving conflicts when they develop as well as for enforcing fishery management rules. Finally, the results show that three major characteristics are important in successful self-management of common pool resources

    The 1950s, the Predatory State, and Continuity and Discontinuity: State Control of Economic Resources

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    ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋‰ด๋ผ์ดํŠธ ๊ณ„์—ด ํ•™์ž๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ 1950๋…„๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ผ๋‹จ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝ ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋‹จ์ ˆ์ด๋ž€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์ง„๋ฆฌ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ๋น„์•ฝ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ 1950๋…„๋Œ€์— ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๋งˆ๋””๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์€ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ ์ดํ›„ ์ด์Šน๋งŒ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๊ตญ(ๅปบๅœ‹)์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผ ์žฅ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ํ˜„๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์žํ•™(่‡ช่™) ์‚ฌ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์  ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „ํ™˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฐ์†์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ์ ˆ์ด๋ผ ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ถœ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” 1950๋…„๋Œ€๊ฐ€ 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, 1960๋…„๋Œ€์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธก๋ฉด๋„ ๋ถ„๋ช… ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ์„ ๋…ผ์ฆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ Peter Evans๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ์•ฝํƒˆ๊ตญ๊ฐ€(predatory state)๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์›์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•œ ์•ฝํƒˆ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ž€ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์—†์–ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์ „๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ–‰์— ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•ฝํƒˆ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ œ๋„์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋Œ€(rent)๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณต๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์–ด๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์น˜์ค‘ํ•  ๋ฟ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ง๊ฐ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค. Peter Evans์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ด์Šน๋งŒ ์ •๋ถ€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํƒˆ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ด์Šน๋งŒ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํƒˆ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋…ผ์ฆํ•˜ ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ Peter Evans์˜ ์•ฝํƒˆ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ก ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์ฆํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ทธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ†ต์ œ๊ถŒ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜์—์„œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” ์ด์Šน๋งŒ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์˜ ํ† ๋Œ€์™€ ๊ทธ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ด๋‹ค. There have recently been tendencies that seek to evaluate the 1950s positively. These arguments have asserted that the rapid growth since the 1960s has been grounded in the 1950s based on commonsense, that is to say, there are no discontinuities in history. In short, these arguments regard the Syngman Rhee's government as the foundational era. On one side, these arguments can be appreciated highly in terms of overcoming a self-tormenting historical view, but on the other side, there are some limits that these arguments also overestimate continuity, and do not consider discontinuity enough. The issue of this study is to argue that there are continuities and discontinuities in the history of the 1950s. To demonstrate these points, this study quotes the predatory state of Peter Evans. His arguments start with the idea that states vary in the way they are organized and tied to society. According to Peter Evans, the predatory state is that state that holds an absolute autonomy in relation to society, but lacks in state capacity. Therefore, in the institutional context of the predatory state, state ruthlessly extracts while providing nothing of value in return. According to his arguments, the Syngman Rhee's government represented the stage of predatory state, but he does not explain why. In this context, this study not only quotes the concept of predatory state, but also argues according to the specific history of the 1950s that he did not explain it in terms of state control of economic resources. This study argues the foundation and limits of the Syngman Rhee's government
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