용액공정용 유기태양전지를 위한 퓨란을 포함하는 디케토피롤로피롤 유도체의 분자 설계 및 합성에 관한 연구

학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 재료공학부(하이브리드 재료), 2014. 2. 박수영.In these days, solution-processed bulk heterojunction (BHJ) type organic solar cells have drawn great attention in order to develop alternative energy system for the future. I have been particularly interested in the structure of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) unit, which is a widely used electron-withdrawing building block in the synthesis of organic semiconducting materials owing to its superior optical and electrical properties. Among the recent works, the DPP-based small molecules with well-organized π-conjugated structure of A-D-A or D-A-D type framework have been developed rapidly, exhibiting promising solar cell efficiencies. However, they inevitably encounter a challenging issue about solubility attributed to the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding capability of DPP cores. Instead of introducing long and branched alkyl side chains, here I adopted alternative strategy that is the incorporation of furan unit in the conjugated backbone, as a novel design strategy of solution-processable small molecules for the highly efficient organic solar cells. Several furan-containing DPP-based small molecules were successfully synthesized, characterized and fabricated for the BHJ organic solar cells. In the chapter 2, I designed a novel A-D-A type small molecule as a donor material named F2, where A is furan-containing DPP and D is electron-donating dithienothiophene (DTT). I demonstrated that furan moiety can replace thiophene, while maintaining the level of decent photovoltaic properties of thiophene derivatives. It was demonstrated that F2 showed enhanced solubility and Voc value, with more simple synthetic procedure. Consequently, the device of F2 and PC61BM exhibits a PCE of 2.1% with the improved Voc of 0.75 V when fabricated with 1 vol% of DIO. In addition, I also discussed about the effects of furan moiety on molecular properties, systematically. In the chapter 3, I designed four different small molecules with A-D-A-D-A type structures depending on the number and position of furan. This study is intended to demonstrate that the furan-containing DPP-based small molecules are also available for the BHJ organic solar cells as acceptor materials, exhibiting promising photophysical properties.Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Organic solar cells 1 1.1.1 Research background 1 1.1.2 Active layer materials for bulk heterojunction solar cells 7 1.2 Diketopyrrolopyrrole 9 1.2.1 Introduction of diketopyrrolopyrrole 9 1.2.2 Organic solar cell materials based on diketopyrrolopyrrole 11 1.2.3 Furan-containing diketopyrrolopyrrole-based materials 15 1.3 Research objectives 18 1.4 References 20 Chapter 2 Promising Design Concept of Incorporating Furan Moiety into Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Donor Molecule for Solution-Processed Organic Solar Cells with Enhanced Solubility and Voc 26 2.1 Introduction 26 2.2 Experimental section 32 2.3 Result and discussion 45 2.4 Conclusions 77 2.5 References 78 Chapter 3 Low Band Gap and Solution-Processable Furan-Containing Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Small Molecules as Acceptor Materials in Organic Solar Cells 79 3.1 Introduction 79 3.2 Experimental section 83 3.3 Result and discussion 98 3.4 Conclusions 129 3.5 References 131 Abstract in Korean 132 List of Presentation 134Maste

A Comparative Study on Korean-Chinese-Japanese Juveniles' Values Using Factor Analysis and GGobi

2008 International Comparative Research on Juveniles' Values was done for 4579 middle and high school students from 3 nations including Korean, China and Japan by the National Youth Policy Institute to use for Korean juveniles's policy making. This study intends to conduct a factor analysis on Korean․Chinese․Japanese juveniles' values using the items related to their view of life, society and nation in addition to their multi-cultural consciousness. Furthermore, as the result of the factor analysis from 3 nations, it aims at analyzing factor loadings with different aspects using GGobi. In 2008 International Comparative Research on Juveniles' Values by Korean Child․Youth Data Archives(http://archive.nypi.re.kr/), sex, school type, school performance, 11 items for reliability, 11 items for importance and 4 items for multi-cultural society and juveniles were contained for this study. As the result of the factor analysis, the number of factors abstracted was 7. Excepting common variables among 3 nations, items of family, leisure, health, work and academic background for importance in life, items of friends, juniors and seniors for reliability were mainly investigated using GGobi. Family importance and work importance show the same pattern in Korea and China. In addition, in Korea and Japan, friend reliability and junior & senior reliability are at the very close position with the importance of the same sex friend. Also, academic importance is at the similar position with importance of power and money among 3 nations. ;2008 청소년 가치관 국제비교 조사는 한국 청소년 정책연구원이 우리나라 청소년 정책 수립에 활용하기 위해 한중일 3개국 중•고교생 4579명을 대상으로 실시한 한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 한중일 청소년의 인생관, 사회 및 국가관, 다문화의식 관련 문항을 이용하여 한중일 청소년 가치관에 대한 요인분석을 실시한다. 또한 세 나라의 요인분석 결과 다른 양상을 보이고 있는 요인 적재값을 다변량 자료 시각화 시스템인 GGobi를 이용하여 분석해보고자 한다. 본 연구를 위해 사용된 자료는 한국 아동․청소년 데이터 아카이브(http://archive.nypi.re.kr/) 2008 청소년 가치관 국제비교 조사 중 성별, 학교유형, 학업성적 외 신뢰도에 관한 11문항, 중요도에 관한 11문항, 다문화 사회와 다문화 청소년에 관한 4문항이다. 요인분석 결과 추출된 요인수는 7개였으며, 한중일 세 나라 공통으로 묶인 변수를 제외한, 인생에서 중요한 정도 중 가족, 여가, 건강, 일, 학력과 신뢰도 중 친구, 선후배에 해당하는 문항 중심으로 GGobi를 통해 살펴보았다. 가족 중요도와 일 중요도는 한국과 중국의 경우 동일한 패턴을 보이며, 친구 신뢰도와 선후배 신뢰도는 한국과 일본에서 동성친구 중요도와 위치가 매우 근접하다. 또 학력 중요도는 세 나라 모두 권력과 돈의 중요도 항목과 비슷한 위치에 있다.I. 서론 1 II. 자료 설명 2 III. 자료 분석 3 A. 기초분석 3 B. 요인분석 8 IV. GGobi 13 Ⅴ. 요약 및 결론 18 참고문헌 19 부록 : 변수 설명 20 ABSTRACT 2

두부순물에서 농축·분리한 단백질의 특성

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :식품영양학과,1998.Maste