Study on Strategic CSR and Managerial Innovation Performance

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 공과대학 협동과정 기술경영·경제·정책전공, 2017. 8. 황준석.A company should be concerned about social responsibility as well as economic profit for sustainable growth. CSR(Corporate Social Responsibility) has become an issue recently as concepts of strategic CSR or creating shared value(CSV), not only creating social value but also affecting corporate profit, has been important. However, the impact of changed direction of CSR on business strategy management and its various outcomes have not been studied much yet. Thus, this paper aims to suggest a frame for CSR strategy by developing a hypothesis on sustainable corporate growth mechanism and verifying it through empirical analysis. Firstly, the study verifies the relation between main causes of CSR and financial result by using structural equation and factorial analysis. A company chooses R&D and technical commercialization among business management strategies as well as CSR for sustainable growth. Thus, it tries to analyze the impact of main management strategies, such as CSR, R&D capability and technical commercialization capability on corporate management result in multiple perspectives. The correlation among management strategies, CSR and business results are analyzed through factorial analysis and path analysis. It tries to suggest strategic management direction for corporate sustainable growth by grasping positive and negative relations, affecting business results, at the same time, based on the analysis result. According to the result, it is analyzed that traditional CSR might have a negative impact on business results, among various management strategies, and organization learning of R&D capability, technical strategy planning and technical process capability of technical commercialization capability have positive impacts on the result. Furthermore, it is analyzed that internal motivation of CSR, organization learning of R&D capability, technical strategy planning of technical commercialization capability positively affect traditional CSR and R&D concentration and external cause of CSR negatively affect it. In addition, analysis result on strategic CSR shows that R&D concentration of R&D capability and technical strategy planning of technical commercialization and external motivation of CSR of CSR motivation might have positive impacts on business results. This study discusses implication, affecting decision making on CSR, R&D, directivity and impact of technical commercialization and future business results, based on empirical results, for corporate sustainable business. In the second study, the relation between CSR, CSR fitness and business results is analyzed. One of the methods for judging whether CSR is strategically fulfilled is to discuss whether CSR activity is suitable or not. The concept on whether CSR activity is suitable is CSR fitness and, if CSR fitness is high, corporate result would be positively affected. Most studies on CSR and various corporate outcomes have studied relation between CSR and economical result or financial product and few studies have analyzed them synthetically. Through this study, relations among corporate financial result, social outcome, innovative fruit and organization performance are synthetically analyzed. The analyzed result shows that CSR fitness has a positive impact on all of financial result, social outcome, innovative fruit and organizational performance and economical result of CSR also positively affect financial, social, innovative and organizational outcome and philanthropic responsibility and ethical responsibility of CSR has a positive effect on innovative performance. In the third study, we analyzed the R&D and financial performance using the KEJI index, a substitute for CSR activities from 2012 to 2014. First R&D intensity had a positive effect on ROA. Corporate R&D and CSR are very important resources. This resource not only enhances the competitiveness of the firm, but also positively contributes to society. Second, we analyze the impact of CSR and R&D on each industry. Manufacturing firms R&D has had a positive impact on CSR, and non-manufacturing firms R&D has not found any particular impact. In manufacturing firms R&D activities consist of product and manufacturing innovation, and CSR-related activities are affected by these products and services. Third, the impacts on CSR and financial performance were analyzed by dividing the CSR as a whole and individual evaluation items. As a result, although the total value of CSR did not have a meaningful result, soundness and fairness among CSR factors influenced financial performance. Examples of strategic CSR of main companies are analyzed in the third study. The implication of strategic CSR is drawn through Vodafone, foreign carrier, and KT, domestic carrier, which are selected as excellent cases of strategic CSR. This paper suggests followings for corporate management, through three studies. This paper provides a few political and business implications. Firstly, for corporate sustainable business, financial, social, innovative and organizational outcome can be improved through static CSR. For strategic CSR, technical commercialization capability and R&D concentration should be improved. This paper has a great significance of academically suggesting a frame of main factors and outcomes for corporate sustainable growth and helping companies understanding on value of CSR strategy and providing philosophical base.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.2 Problem Description 5 1.3 Research Objective 6 1.4 Research Model 7 1.5 Thesis outline 8 Chapter 2. Theoretical Background 9 2.1 CSR 9 2.2 Strategic CSR 10 2.3 CSR motivation 14 2.4 Stakeholder Perspectives on CSR 16 2.5 CSR and Performance 17 2.5.1 Financial Performance 18 2.5.2 Social Performance 19 2.5.3 Innovation Performance 19 2.5.4 Organization Performance 20 2.6 CSR Fitness 21 2.7 R&D 22 2.8 Technology commercialization 24 Chapter 3. CSR, R&D and Technology Commercialization on Managerial Performance 26 3.1 Introduction 26 3.2 Research Model and Hypothesis 27 3.2.1 Hypothesis 27 3.2.2 Definition of variable 30 3.2.3 Research data and method of analysis 32 3.3 Empirical Analysis 32 3.3.1 Technical statistics 32 3.3.2 Verification of the validity of variable and reliability 35 3.3.3 Verification of hypothesis 37 3.4 Conclusions 41 Chapter 4. The Impact of CSR and CSR Fitness on Various Business Performances 44 4.1 Introduction 44 4.2 Research design 45 4.2.1 Research model and hypothesis 45 4.2.1 Manipulative definition of variables and measurement parameter 47 4.2.1 Method of data collection and analysis 49 4.3 Empirical result 50 4.3.1 Technical statistic 50 4.3.2 Exploratory factor analysis 51 4.3.3 Confirmatory factor analysis 53 4.3.4 Structural equation model analysis 56 4.3.5 Multiple regression analysis 66 4.4 Conclusion 70 Chapter 5. The effect of R&D on Corporate Social Responsibility 73 5.1 Introduction 73 5.2 Research Design 73 5.2.1 Research model and hypothesis 73 5.2.2 Method of Data Collect 76 5.2.3 Empirical Analysis 78 5.3 Conclusion 82 Chapter 6. Strategic CSR Case Study 84 6.1 Introduction 84 6.2 KT 85 6.2.1 Corporate overview and CSR strategy 85 6.2.2 CSR 86 6.2.3 GiGA Story and IT supporters as Strategic CSR 92 6.3 Vodafone 92 6.3.1 Corporate introduction and promotion direction 92 6.3.2 M-PESA as strategic CSR 94 6.4 Application to strategic CSR principle 97 6.4.1 7 principles of strategic CSR by Peter&Jenna(2008) 97 6.4.2 Performance orientation and industrial relevance 97 6.5 Conclusion 99 Chapter 7. Summary and Discussions 101 7.1 Summary 101 7.2 Discussions 106 Bibliography 108 Appendix 1: 1st Survey 117 Appendix 2: 2nd Survey 123 초 록 129Docto

The Characteristics of Extreme Lubrication and Engine Dynamic Movement of Lubricant Containing Copper Alloy Nano-powder

본 연구에서는 나노구리합금 윤활제가 첨가된 윤활유를 고속마찰마모시험기에 주입하여 일반적인 기계적 윤활 특성을 분석하고, 모터링상태의 실험장치가 설치된 4행정 엔진을 사용하여 윤활유의 윤활특성과 기관에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 한다. 연구내용은 크게 3가지로 구분된다. 마찰마모시험기에 일반극압제와 나노윤활제를 적용하여 나노윤활특성을 일반극압특성과 비교분석하고, 나노윤활첨가제의 체적 첨가비율을 변화시키면서 하중, 온도 조건에 대한 윤활특성을 분석하며, 나노윤활첨가제를 실엔진에 적용시킬 경우의 윤활과 진동특성을 분석한다. 첫 번째 실험에서는 현재 사용되고 있는 일반극압제를 실질적으로 성분 분석하여, 최적의 성분조합에 의해 샘플을 제조하여, 샘플과 나노구리합금 분말과의 윤활특성 비교를 한다. 두 번째 실험에서는 나노윤활제의 체적첨가율을 0, 0.0075, 0.015, 0.03, 0.06, 0.12로 변화시키고, 하중과 온도 조건을 달리 하면서, 제반특성을 분석한다. 세 번째 실험에서는 실제 디젤엔진에서 피스톤을 제거하고, 밸브계통의 윤활성을 나노구리윤활제의 첨가비율에 따라 실험한다. 엔진을 회전시키는 모터를 로드셀로 고정시켜 엔진회전에 소요되는 토크를 측정하며, 구동축에 x,y방향으로 갭센서를 설치하여 축진동을 측정한다. 로드셀에 의한 토크 측정에 의해서 윤활성능을, 크랭크축과 구동모터사이의 주축에다가 갭센서를 설치하여, 이에 의한 갭(gap)을 측정하여 진동특성을 분석한다.Lubricant is the material to reduce the friction between two contacting surfaces, which occurs for a moving machinery. Recently the size of machinery becomes reduced without losing performance in order to satisfy the economic requirement. The friction load per area is extremely increased when the performance is increased and the contact area decreased. The traditional lubricant does not meet the severe condition. But, there are many severe conditions, like high temperature , combustion, impact in engine. So, the new development of the improved lubricant is required. The engine lubrication has to satisfy not only the requirement of the high density of the friction load but also the extreme conditions peculiar to the engine. Many research works for improving a boundary lubrication performance have been studied by using solid lubricants, and have been tried to apply solid lubricants to an engine. However, those general lubricants like MoS2 or PTFE have not been applied on engines due to the extreme conditions such as very high temperature and pressure by combustion process in a cylinder. Now, nano particles with lubricant additives is developing at many country. Especially, nano particle's volume percentage is important as economy and efficiency. The characteristic of a lubricant is important under severe running condition. On diesel engines, the better lubrication performance is required due to the extreme condition such as high temperature and pressure by combustion process in a combustion chamber. Recently, the solid lubricant containing a copper nickel alloy has been introduced and studied. In this thesis, the lubricant containing the alloy particles is applied on a high speed rolling contact wear test machine and a diesel engine. That particle is changed volume percentage. The lubricant is assessed by mechanical characteristic test and by engine performance test. The results by mechanical characteristic test show the decrease of the coefficient of friction and oil temperature. The results by engine test show the decrease of X-axis and Y-axis amplitude which strongly effect on engine vibration and the decrease of torque related strongly to the engine efficiency as well as the improvement of the engine lubrication performance. It is clear that the lubricant containing the copper nickel alloy nano-powder decreases friction and wear, and it is also expected the increase of the sealing effect between a cylinder and piston rings.List of table List of figures Abstract 제1장. 서 론 = 1 1.1 연구배경 = 1 1.2 본 논문의 연구목적 및 내용 = 4 제2장. 이론적 고찰 = 5 2.1 마찰의 종류 = 5 2.2 기관윤활유 첨가제의 기능과 특성 = 6 2.3 윤활유의 물리,화학적 성질 = 11 2.4 기관의 윤활제 = 13 2.5 엔진유의 분류기준 = 15 2.6 고체윤활제 = 16 2.7 극압윤활특성 = 19 제3장. 실험장비 및 실험조건 = 21 3.1. 나노구리합금윤활제 = 21 3.2 마찰마모시험기 = 23 3.3 모터 구동 디젤기관 = 27 제4장. 실험결과 및 고찰 = 34 4.1 일반극압제와 나노윤활제 = 34 4.2 나노윤활제의 극압특성실험 = 49 4.3 밸브계 포함 축계 진동특성 = 51 제5장. 결 론 = 70 참고문헌 = 7