24 research outputs found
Development of Dry Process Caisson Method for Maintenance of Submerged Harbor Structure
Together with the trend of enhancement in domestic industrial development and economic progress due to import and export, the demand for construction of the roads, bridges, especially port facilities, and several coastal protection and ocean structures is increasing rapidly. MOMAF of Korean Government is driving construction of 9 new ports and renovation of the existing fishery ports. Among these structures most of bridge base, wharves, dolphins, quays, and jetties are being newly built of steel or concrete pile. As the base, supporting bulkheads, and piles are underwater after construction, it is difficult to figure out the status of structures and not enough to get maintenance and strengthen the structures. Every year, moreover, these works suck the government budget due to higher incomplete maintenance expense for protection from corrosions of structures and increased underwater construction period. For the purpose of cutting down the government budget, it is necessary to extend the life cycle of the existing structures. We developed a new method for maintenance of submerged structures near the waterline by allowing dry work environment with the floating caisson. The method shows easy to move around the working area and handle. It also showed not only a significant reduction of maintenance expenses and time for anti-corrosion work but also better protection. This will be a milestone to reduce the maintenance and construction expenses for the shore and water structures.μ 1μ₯ μλ‘ = 1
1.1 μ°κ΅¬μ λ°°κ²½ = 1
1.2 μ°κ΅¬μ λν₯ = 5
1.3 μ°κ΅¬μ λͺ©μ = 6
1.4 μ°κ΅¬ λ°©λ² = 12
μ 2μ₯ μ°κ΅¬μ λ°°κ²½ μ΄λ‘ = 15
2.1 건μνκ²½μ νμμ± = 15
2.2 κΈ°μ‘΄μ λ°©μλ°©λ² = 21
2.2.1 λΆμμ²λ¦¬ λ°©λ² = 21
2.2.2 건μ λ°©λ² = 27
3μ₯ DPCMμ κ°λ° = 33
3.1 κ°μ = 33
3.2 DPCMμ νΉμ§ = 35
3.3 DPCμ κΈ°μ΄ μ€κ³ = 37
3.4 λͺ¨ν μ μ λ° μΈλ ₯ κ³μ° = 40
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3.4.2 λͺ¨νμ μΈλ ₯κ³μ° = 43
3.4.3 μ리 μ€ν = 50
μ 4μ₯ DPCMμ μ€λ¬Ό μ μ = 53
4.1 μ€μ λͺ¨ν λΆν μ μ = 53
4.1.1 DPCM μ₯λΉμ κ΅¬μ± = 54
4.1.2 DPCMμ κΈ°νμ₯λΉ = 63
4.2 DPCMμ νμ₯ μ μ© = 65
4.2.1 λ°©μμμ
μ μΌλ°μ μΈ μμ = 65
4.2.2 DPCMμ μ μμ¬ν = 67
4.2.3 DPCM μ μ = 68
4.2.4 DPCM μμ
μμ = 69
4.2.5 DPCMμ κΈ°λν¨κ³Ό λ° μμ© = 76
μ 5μ₯ ν 곡λ²κ³Όμ λΉκ΅ λ° λΆμ = 77
5.1 건μκ³΅λ² μΈ‘λ©΄ λΆμ = 77
5.2 λΆμ λ°©μ§ κ³΅λ² μΈ‘λ©΄ λΆμ = 78
μ 6μ₯ κ²°λ‘ = 81
μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν = 8
Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Overview
The microbiota-gut-brain axis, which refers to the bidirectional communication pathway between gut bacteria and the central nervous system, has a profound effect on important brain processes, from the synthesis of neurotransmitters to the modulation of complex behaviors such as sociability and anxiety. Previous studies have revealed that the gut microbiota is potentially related to not only gastrointestinal disturbances, but also social impairment and repetitive behavior-core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although studies have been conducted to characterize the microbial composition in patients with ASD, the results are heterogeneous. Nevertheless, it is clear that there is a difference in the composition of the gut microbiota between ASD and typically developed individuals, and animal studies have repeatedly suggested that the gut microbiota plays an important role in ASD pathophysiology. This possibility is supported by abnormalities in metabolites produced by the gut microbiota and the association between altered immune responses and the gut microbiota observed in ASD patients. Based on these findings, various attempts have been made to use the microbiota in ASD treatment. The results reported to date suggest that microbiota-based therapies may be effective for ASD, but largescale, well-designed studies are needed to confirm this.ope
Altered Gut Microbiota in Korean Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and behavioral impairments. Recent studies have suggested that gut microbiota play a critical role in ASD pathogenesis. Herein, we investigated the fecal microflora of Korean ASD children to determine gut microbiota profiles associated with ASD. Specifically, fecal samples were obtained from 54 children with ASD and 38 age-matched children exhibiting typical development. Systematic bioinformatic analysis revealed that the composition of gut microbiota differed between ASD and typically developing children (TDC). Moreover, the total amounts of short-chain fatty acids, metabolites produced by bacteria, were increased in ASD children. At the phylum level, we found a significant decrease in the relative Bacteroidetes abundance of the ASD group, whereas Actinobacteria abundance was significantly increased. Furthermore, we found significantly lower Bacteroides levels and higher Bifidobacterium levels in the ASD group than in the TDC group at the genus level. Functional analysis of the microbiota in ASD children predicted that several pathways, including genetic information processing and amino acid metabolism, can be associated with ASD pathogenesis. Although more research is needed to determine whether the differences between ASD and TDC are actually related to ASD pathogenesis, these results provide further evidence of altered gut microbiota in children with ASD, possibly providing new perspectives on the diagnosis and therapeutic approaches for ASD patients.ope
Increasing Trend and Characteristics of Korean Adolescents Presenting to Emergency Department for Self-Harm: A 5-Year Experience, 2015 to 2019
Purpose: Emergency department (ED) is a common treatment setting for adolescents with clinically serious self-harm. Here, we investigated the clinical characteristics and trends of adolescents with self-harm who visited the ED in one Korean university hospital. We also compared patients with a single ED visit to those with multiple ED visits to identify the risk factor of repeated visits.
Materials and methods: We retrospectively identified patients aged 12 to 18 years who presented to ED for self-harm from January 2015 to December 2019, based on electronic medical records. Self-harm included all thoughts and behaviors indicating intents to harm or hurt oneself, regardless of the degree of such attempt.
Results: A total of 168 individuals (male:female=31:137; average 15.99Β±1.64 years) presented to ED following 304 episodes (45 and 259 episodes in males and females, respectively). The number of episodes steeply increased between 2016 and 2019, and the overall number during the study showed an increasing trend (p=0.043). Repeated ED visitors with self-harm showed more history of psychiatric treatment/admission (58.3% vs. 85.4%, p=0.002; 14.2% vs. 43.9%, p<0.001), history of child abuse (32.3% vs. 53.7%, p=0.013), and familial psychiatric history (13.4% vs. 31.7%, p=0.008) compared to those with a single visit.
Conclusion: Among Korean adolescents, the number of ED visits and repetition of ED visits for self-harm is on the rise. For adolescents presenting to ED with self-harm, the history of psychiatric treatment/admission, child abuse, and familial psychiatric history should be properly obtained to identify the risk for multiple ED visits.ope
Reading Landscape of Literary Geography in perspective of New Cultural Geography: The Case Study on γMy Sweet Cityγ
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Nishina Yoshio and the modern physics in Japan
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Low working memory capacity in euthymic bipolar I disorder: No relation to reappraisal on emotion regulation
BACKGROUND: Emotion regulation (ER) applies behavioral and cognitive strategies to modify the appearance and intensity of emotions. Working memory capacity (WMC) plays an important role in the ER process, particularly through its influence on the efficiency of ER strategies.
METHODS: We investigated interactions between WMC and three ER strategies, namely cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, and rumination, in 43 euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder and 48 healthy control subjects. We used the Korean versions of the Operation Span Task, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Ruminative Response Scale, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale.
RESULTS: WMC modulated the efficacy of cognitive reappraisal in healthy controls with high WMC, but not in patients with bipolar disorder. There were no significant interactions between WMC and expressive suppression or rumination in either group.
LIMITATIONS: These include the small sample size, use of neutral words to evaluate negative emotion, use of self-administered questionnaires, and relatively high cut-off for the definition of euthymic states. A number of uncontrolled factors may have influenced our results including patients' duration of remission, number of episodes, psychiatric family history, and current psychiatric medications.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that working memory does not function effectively in the reappraisal process during ER in patients with bipolar disorder. This may indicate that top-down regulation of emotion is impaired in bipolar disorder. Cognitive interventions aimed at improving ER in such patients may be ineffective.restrictio