2 research outputs found

    Implementation of Location Recognition System and a Study of the Orientation between nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)

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    ์˜๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์„  ์„ผ์„œ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ(Wireless Sensor Networks)๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์œ„์น˜ ์ธ์‹ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋“œ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ ์˜ RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indicator)๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์„ผ์‹ฑ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ญ๋ฌธ์ œ(Inverse Problem)๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ํƒ€๊ฒŸ ์†Œ์Šค ํƒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋ฌด์„  ์„ผ์„œ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž์˜ ์œ„์น˜ ์ถ”์  ๋ฐ ์ธ์‹ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ์œ ๋น„์ฟผํ„ฐ์Šค ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์œ ์„  ๋ฐ ๋ฌด์„  ํ†ต์‹  ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ, GPS์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋“œ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜‘์—…(Collaboration), ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ(Self-organization), ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ, ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ผ์„œ๋…ธ๋“œ, ์ €์ „๋ ฅ, ์ €๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ด‘์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋งต(Signal Strength map)๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ RSSI ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„์น˜์ธ์‹๊ณผ ํƒ€๊ฒŸ ํƒ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์œ„์น˜ ์ธ์‹ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์‹๋ณ„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ผ์„œ ๋…ธ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž์™€ ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์ด๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‰ฌ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ, ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ์™€ ์‹ฑํฌ ์‚ฌ์ด๋Š” ์Šคํƒ€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์Šคํƒ€-๋ฉ”์‰ฌ(Star-Mesh)๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐํ™‰ ๋ผ์šฐํŒ…(Multi-hop routing)๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์œ„์น˜ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๊ฐ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ์ธก์ •๋œ RSSI๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ•๋„ ๋งต์„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šคํ™” ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์‹๋ณ„์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๊ฐ€ ํœด๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋“œ์— ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ID๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์ง์„  ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๋…ธ๋“œ์‚ฌ์ด RSSI๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋…ธ๋“œ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•  ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ๋‘ ๋…ธ๋“œ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ธก์ •๋œ RSSI๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋…ธ๋“œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ตœ์ ์˜ RSSI๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์ธก์ •๋œ RSSI๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ RSSI๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ‰๊ท , ๋ณด๊ฐ„๋ฒ•, power method๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ณ ์œ ๊ฐ’, maximum likelihood estimation, expectation & maximization ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜, ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋…ธ๋“œ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์ถ”์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 12.6%, 1.31%, 2.06%, 1.42%, 2.09% ์ด๋‹ค.๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ์„ผ์„œ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ(Distributed Sensor Networks: DSNs)์—์„œ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๊ท ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋œ ๋…ธ๋“œ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํƒ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์ •์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜• ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ DSNs ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์„ผ์„œ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์—ญ๋ฌธ์ œ(Inverse Problem)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒ€๊ฒŸ ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋“œ๋ฅผ magnetic dipole๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์„ผ์‹ฑ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์„ผ์‹ฑ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์„ ํ˜• ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹(Linear operator equation)์˜ ์—ญ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๋’ค, ๊ฐ ๋…ธ๋“œ์˜ ๋†ˆ(Norm)์„ ์ทจํ•ด ํƒ€๊ฒŸ ์†Œ์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์„ผ์„œ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ’๊ณผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ๊ฐ’์˜ ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต,๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋น„๊ต์  ์•ˆ์ •๋œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]In this paper, we implemented location recognition and user identification system and suggested methods to estimate the optimal distance without the effect of orientation between nodes. Moreover, we proposed a new sensing model to calculate RSSI between sensors and a specific source and carefully considered the orientation vector of the source.Location recognition monitoring and user identification system based on location based services (LBS) using a signal strength map are necessary to the database: it is made use of previous empirically measured received signal strength indicator (RSSI). User identification system automatically controls instruments which is located in home and freely measures body signal. We construct a multi-hop routing method using the Star-Mesh networks, use the sensor devices which are satisfied with the IEEE 802.15.4 specification. Moreover, we express monitoring program using Microsoft C#.The most important factor in tracking and estimating the position of a target is by means of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI). However, RSSI is different in angle when we measure RSSI between nodes over the same distance. This paper serves to describe diverse methods in estimating the optimal distance by minimizing the effect of orientation between nodes. The mathematical methods we used are mean, polynomial interpolation, eigenvalue using power method, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), expectation & maximization (EM) algorithm in estimating RSSI in given site. We also suggest a new sensor device that does not require a complex mathematical process and which considers the orientation of nodes. The error rates of distance estimation, on average, were sequentially 12.6%, 1.31%, 2.06%, 1.42%, 14.13% and 2.09%.Finally, We apply an inverse problem approach to locating a known node source in a uniformly distributed sensor networks from simultaneous measurement of RSSI between sensors and sources. We also propose a new sensing model to calculate RSSI between sensors and a specific node source and take into consideration the orientation vector of node source. We detect an original node source by means of linear inverse problem which uses the calculated RSSI at target source from the improved sensing model. Finally, we simulate the proposed sensing model to verify an ability which detects an original node source changing the initial node source and the calculated result is quite in place. Moreover, norm of the detected node source is much larger than any other norm of other sources.ope
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