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    ์Œ์•…์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™”์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ •(์Œ์•…๊ต์œก์ „๊ณต), 2012. 2. ๋ฌธ์šฉ๋ฆฐ.์Œ์•… ๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ์Œ์•…๊ต์œก์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กด์ค‘๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ๋ ค๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋‘๋‡Œ ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ์Œ์•… ์ธ์ง€ ์–‘์‹๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Œ์•… ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์Œ์•…๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ธ์ง€์ โ€ข์ •์„œ์  ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์„ฑ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•œ Baron-Cohen์˜ E-S์ด๋ก (Empathizing-Systemizing Theory)์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 639๋ช…์˜ ๋‚จ๋…€ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต 1ํ•™๋…„, 3ํ•™๋…„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ-์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™” ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(Empathy-Systemizing Quotient, EQ-SQ), ์Œ์•…๊ณต๊ฐํ™”-์Œ์•…์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™” ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(Music Empathizing-Music Systemizing, ME-MS), ๋ชฐ์ž… ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(AIT)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์—ฐ๋ น, ์Œ์•…ํ•™์Šต๊ฒฝํ—˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, ๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ์š”์ธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ณ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์Œ์•…์˜ ์ธ์ง€ ์–‘์‹์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ€์ธ์—๋Š” ์Œ์•…ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๋ชฐ์ž…์ด ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ค‘๋‹คํšŒ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์Œ์•…ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๋ชฐ์ž…์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ปธ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์Œ์•… ๋ฐ˜์‘์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชฐ์ž… ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์Œ์•… ํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ํ•™์Šตํ•œ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ชฐ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐํ™”-์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋‘๋‡Œ ์œ ํ˜•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์€ EQํ•ญ๋ชฉ์—์„œ ์Œ์•…ํ•™์Šต ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋ชฐ์ž… ๋ณ€์ˆ˜, SQํ•ญ๋ชฉ์—์„œ ์„ฑ๋ณ„๊ณผ ๋ชฐ์ž… ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ค‘๋‹คํšŒ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ EQ์—์„œ๋Š” ์Œ์•…ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๋ชฐ์ž…์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์™„์ „ ๋ชจํ˜•์ด, SQ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ณ„๊ณผ ๋ชฐ์ž…์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์™„์ „๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ปธ๋‹ค. SQ์— ์„ฑ๋ณ„์ด ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™”์— ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” E-S์ด๋ก ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜, ์Œ์•…ํ•™์Šต ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธด ํ”ผํ—˜์ž์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก EQ๊ฐ€ ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์Œ์•… ํ•™์Šต์ด ๊ณต๊ฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ •์„œ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๋‘๋‡Œ ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ์Œ์•… ์ธ์ง€ ์–‘์‹์˜ ๋น„๊ต์—์„œ ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ์š”์ธ์ด SQ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ME, MS์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์ , ์ฐจ์ด ์ ์ˆ˜(D, MD)๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‘๋‡Œ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์„ฑ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ์Œ์•…์ธ์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์ , ์Œ์•…์ธ์ง€์™€ ๋‘๋‡Œ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์  ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Œ์•… ์ธ์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ๋‘๋‡Œ ์œ ํ˜•์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์„ฑ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋‡Œ ์œ ํ˜•์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ์Œ์•…์˜ ์ธ์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์Œ์•…ํ•™์Šต ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธด ํ”ผํ—˜์ž ์ง‘๋‹จ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก EQ, ME, MSํ‰๊ท ์ด ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ , ์Œ์•…ํ•™์Šต๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ณ„ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋น„๊ต์—์„œ D์ ์ˆ˜์™€ MD์ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์Œ์•… ํ•™์Šต์ด ์–ด๋Š ํ•œ ์ชฝ์˜ ์ธ์ง€ ์–‘์‹์„ ํŽธํ–ฅ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ท ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์Œ์•… ํ•™์Šต ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธด ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ EQ, ME, MSํ‰๊ท ์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ธ์ง€ ์–‘์‹์„ ์œ ํ˜•ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์Œ์•…ํ•™์Šต์ด ์ •์„œ์™€ ์ธ์ง€์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•ด์„์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์Œ์•…๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์Œ์•…๋ฐ˜์‘์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์Œ์•…๋ฐ˜์‘์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์›์ธ์€ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ข€ ๋” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ๊ต์œก์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of individual differences by identifying factors influencing the response to music, and learners developmental tendencies related to empathizing and systemizing. Empathizing and systemizing are two dimensions that explain psychological differences between female and male. In order to explain individual differences in the response to music, this study has adopted Baron-Cohens E-S Theory (Empathizing-Systemizing Theory) of sex difference which presents the female brain as empathizer and the male brain as systemizer. Research was conducted with 639 male-female Korean middle school students as objects ranging from 7th graders to 9 graders in Seoul and Incheon city with self-reported questionnaires: Empathy-Systemizing Quotient (EQ-SQ Short version), Music Empathizing-Music Sytemizing Inventory (ME-MS Inventory), and the AIT Questionnaire. Each test was evaluated by comparing groups based on factors such as sex, age, experience in music learning, and absorption. To analyze the collected data, t-test, ANOVA, regression analysis, Pearsons product-moment correlation coefficient, ฯ‡2 test were conducted using SPSS 15.0 programs. The results and findings of the study are as follows: First, music learning and absorption affect ME-MS, while sex and age do not. Regression indicated that ME and MS were predicted by absorption and music learning. Results showed that the highly experienced group in music learning and the absorption group scored significantly higher than the less experienced and lower scored absorption group on the ME-MS. Second, music learning and absorption affect EQ while sex and age do not. Regression indicates that EQ was predicted by absorption and music learning, and this result means that music learning could influence developing prosocial emotions such as empathy. As SQ was predicted by higher absorption and sex, the basic hypothesis that males are expected to score higher in SQ was accepted. Third, by comparing cognitive styles representing the brain type and the cognitive styles of response to music, the basic hypothesis that sex difference caused by hormones was rejected in cognitive styles of response to music for these reasons: (1) Significant sex differences were found for SQ, but not for ME, and MS.(2) Significant sex differences were found for brain type deriving from E-S difference score(D), but not for ME-MS difference score(MD).(3) Very low correlation was found between D and MD(r= .175). Finally, a new hypothesis has been developed from the result: music learning influences balanced development in the dimension of cognitive and affective domains to individuals for these reasons: (1) Subjects who have leaned music for a longer period scored significantly higher than the less experienced music learner group on the EQ, ME and MS, but (2) significant mean differences were not found for D and MD in comparison to groups categorized by music learning period. This means that even though the mean score of EQ, ME, and MS are higher, higher level of experiencing in music groups empathizing and systemizing abilities are balanced. In summary, this study has categorized and defined the response to music and has tested influencing factors based on psychological theory and previous research for a clearer understanding and theoretical explanations.Maste

    Insertional mutagenesis์— ์˜ํ•œ Fusarium sambucinum KCTC16677 ๊ท ์ฃผ์˜ Apicidin ๋ฏธ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด์ฒด์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ

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    Thesis (master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋†์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ [์‹๋ฌผ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์ „๊ณต],2001.Maste

    Shift in epistemological framing of small group students during their social construction of scientific models

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณผํ•™๊ต์œก๊ณผ(์ƒ๋ฌผ์ „๊ณต), 2015. 8. ๊น€ํฌ๋ฐฑ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ญ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต 2ํ•™๋…„ ํ•œ ํ•™๊ธ‰์˜ 8๊ฐœ ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์„ค ๋‹จ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 6์ฐจ์‹œ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋…นํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์ด ์ „ํ™˜๋˜๋Š” ๋งฅ๋ฝ๋“ค์ด ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ™œ๋™ ์ „๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์„ ๋ณด์ธ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์ดˆ์  ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ดํ™”์˜ ์ „์‚ฌ๋ณธ, ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ™œ๋™์ง€, ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌํ›„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜์—…๊ด€์ฐฐ๋…ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚จ ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ์ž์› ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ 1์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ™œ๋™์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋น„์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹์  ๊ถŒ์œ„๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์ง€์‹์„ ๊ถŒ์œ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ•™์—… ์„ฑ์ทจ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋‹ต์„ ์ดํ•ด ์—†์ด ๋ฒ ๋ผ๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์€ ๋น„์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐํžŒ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์€ ํ•™์—… ์„ฑ์ทจ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ธ์ง€์  ์กฐ๋ ฅ์ž ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์€ ํ•™์—… ์„ฑ์ทจ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ๋‹ต์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์ผ ๋•Œ์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์ด ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์‹์  ๊ถŒ์œ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ข์•„์ง€๋ฉฐ, ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํžˆ ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์‹คํ–‰์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ 2์˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹์  ๊ถŒ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ •๋‹นํ™”, ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•์˜ ๋…ผ๋ณ€ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋น„์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์€ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์กฐ๋ ฅ ์—†์ด ์ธ์ง€์  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ธ์‹์  ๋ฐฉํ•ด์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•  ๋•Œ์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋…ผ๋ณ€ํ™œ๋™์€ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ „์ฒด ํ•™๊ธ‰ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ๊ต์‚ฌ ์•ž์—์„œ ์ •๋‹ต์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ๋•Œ์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜๋Š” ์ง€์‹์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์—์„œ ์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ๋งŒ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋ฉฐ, ๋น„์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐํžŒ ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์ด ์ „ํ™˜๋˜๋Š” ๋งฅ๋ฝ๋“ค ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์  ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ธ์‹๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์กฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธ์ง€์ , ์ธ์‹์  ์กฐ๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ, ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์— ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.๋ชฉ์ฐจ โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 6 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  6 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 8 1. ๊ณผํ•™์  ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ™œ๋™ 8 2. ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์ธ์‹๋ก ๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์‹คํ–‰ 10 2.1. ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์ธ์‹๋ก  10 2.2. ์‹คํ–‰์  ์ธ์‹๋ก  12 3. ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ์ž์› ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์™€ ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ 14 3.1. ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ์ž์› 14 3.2. ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ 16 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 19 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์™€ ์ดˆ์  ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ 19 1.1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž 19 1.2. ์ดˆ์  ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ 20 2. ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์—… ๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ 21 3. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 24 4. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ 25 4.1. ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์˜ ์งˆ์  ๋ถ„์„ 26 4.2. ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ์ž์› ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ์งˆ์  ๋ถ„์„ 28 4.3. ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์งˆ์  ๋ถ„์„ 29 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 31 1. ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ 1์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 31 1.1. ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ 1์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™ ๋ชจ์Šต๊ณผ ๋น„์ƒ์‚ฐ์  ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ 32 1.2. ์ผ์‹œ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ ์ „ํ™˜: ํ•™์ƒ 1-A๊ฐ€ ์ธ์‹์ , ์ธ์ง€์  ์กฐ๋ ฅ์ž ์—ญํ• ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ (๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 5) 38 1.3. ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ ํšŒ๊ท€: ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด 1-A๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹์  ๊ถŒ์œ„์ž์ด์ž ํ‰๊ฐ€์ž๋กœ ์—ฌ๊น€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ (๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 5) 44 1.4. ์ƒ์‚ฐ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜: ํ•™์ƒ 1-A๊ฐ€ ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ (๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 4, 6) 48 2. ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ 2์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ 53 2.1. ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ 2์˜ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™ ๋ชจ์Šต๊ณผ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์  ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ 53 2.2. ๋น„์ƒ์‚ฐ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜: ์ธ์ง€์  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์ง€์†๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ (๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 4) 63 2.3. ๋น„์ƒ์‚ฐ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜: ์ „์ฒด ํ•™๊ธ‰ ํ† ๋ก ์„ ์ •๋‹ต์„ ๋งžํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ (๋ชจํ˜• ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 6) 67 3. ๋…ผ์˜ 73 โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 74 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 76 ๋ถ€๋ก 88 Abstract 101Maste

    The effect of creativity on improvisation moderated by types of mentoring

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ์Œ์•…๊ต์œก์ „๊ณต, 2022. 8. ์ด์„ ์˜.Improvisation is a creative musical activity in which composing and musical expression are simultaneously performed as a musical genre or performance technique performed in an improvised way. In order to discover the educational value of music's creative activities, it is necessary to study various fields and activities, including improvisation. In terms of methodology, the majority of previous studies on improvisation are literature studies and qualitative studies, and most of the quantitative studies are in specific areas such as jazz. In this study, the relationship between improvisation, creativity, and mentoring type of jangdan was investigated to identify the relationship between internal and environmental factors that affect improvisation, which is creative achievement in the area of โ€‹โ€‹Korean traditional music. The study consisted of two sub-studies. In Study 1, to confirm the effect of creativity on improvisation, the effect of creativity on two types of rhythmic performance tasks (imitation and improvisation) was analyzed for 57 high school students majoring in traditional music. In Study 2, mentoring factor was added to the same design as in Study 1 for 43 high school students to test the moderating effect of the mentoring type. The main results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of checking which type of performance creativity predicts among the two types of performance, imitative performance and improvisation, it was found that creativity predicts improvisation. Second, as a result of checking how creativity affects improvisation, remote association ability among the sub-elements of creativity such as idea generation ability, remote association ability, and creative tendency positively predicted performance fluency and originality of improvisation, and idea generation Ability was found to negatively predict performance originality. Third, as a result of examining the moderating effect of the mentoring type on the effect of creativity on improvisation, the moderating effect was found in the mentoring of the role model function among the three types of mentoring. This study is meaningful in that it studied the relationship between creativity and creative musical achievement with specific music majors and activities, and the implications of the study results are as follows. First, it was confirmed that improvisation was related to creativity in the area of โ€‹โ€‹Korean traditional music, similar to the results of previous studies that focused on jazz. This suggests that education focused on creativity can be implemented in the future education field through the improvisational jangdan performance. Second, it was confirmed through research that musical creativity can be realized not only through theoretical models but also through empirical studies. The musical creativity model of Webster(1989, 2002), which is one of the representative models of musical creativity, suggested as a theoretical model that creative thinking affects the process and performance of music activities. The relationship with creative music performance was specifically confirmed through the study. Third, it was confirmed through the results that not only individual internal factors but also environmental factors such as mentoring were related to creative music performance. From a confluence perspective, creativity interacts with environmental factors and affects music performance, and this was confirmed through research. The results of this study suggest that environmental factors such as mentoring in music education should be studied together to support the development of creativity of students.์Œ์•…์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜์  ํ™œ๋™์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฆ‰ํฅ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ ๋ฐ ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ํฅ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฆ‰ํฅ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ํ˜น์€ ์Œ์•… ์žฅ๋ฅด๋กœ ์ž‘๊ณก๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์Œ์•…์  ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ฐฝ์˜์  ์Œ์•… ํ™œ๋™์ด๋‹ค. ์Œ์•…์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜์  ํ™œ๋™์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฆ‰ํฅ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ ๋ฐ ํ™œ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ํฅ์—ฐ์ฃผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–‘์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ์žฌ์ฆˆ ๋“ฑ ํŠน์ • ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์žฅ๋‹จ์˜ ์ฆ‰ํฅ์—ฐ์ฃผ, ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ง ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตญ์•… ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ฐฝ์˜์  ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ธ ์ฆ‰ํฅ์—ฐ์ฃผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋‚ด์  ์š”์ธ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 1์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ‰ํฅ์—ฐ์ฃผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ 57๋ช…์˜ ๊ตญ์•…์ „๊ณต ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์žฅ๋‹จ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๊ณผ์ œ(๋ชจ๋ฐฉ์—ฐ์ฃผ, ์ฆ‰ํฅ์—ฐ์ฃผ)๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ‰ํฅ์—ฐ์ฃผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 2์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ์•…์ „๊ณต ๊ณ ๊ต์ƒ 43๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 1๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ง ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•ด ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์ด ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ง ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ์ฆ‰ํฅ์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์ด ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ์—ฐ์ฃผ์™€ ์ฆ‰ํฅ์—ฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋‘ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ์œ ํ˜• ์ค‘ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์€ ์ฆ‰ํฅ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์žฌ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๋˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ธ ๊ตญ์•…์—์„œ๋„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ‰ํฅ์—ฐ์ฃผ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์š”์†Œ(์•„์ด๋””์–ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์›๊ฒฉ์—ฐํ•ฉ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์ฐฝ์˜์  ์„ฑํ–ฅ) ์ค‘ ์›๊ฒฉ์—ฐํ•ฉ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ‰ํฅ์—ฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋…์ฐฝ์„ฑ์„ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋…์ฐฝ์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ‰ํฅ์—ฐ์ฃผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์—์„œ ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ง ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ง ์ค‘ ์—ญํ• ๋ชจํ˜• ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ง์—์„œ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์˜์  ์Œ์•… ์„ฑ์ทจ์™€์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๋ฐ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ตญ์•… ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋„ ์žฌ์ฆˆ ์œ„์ฃผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๋˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ฆ‰ํฅ์—ฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ตญ์•… ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์Œ์•…์—์„œ ์ฆ‰ํฅ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์Œ์•…์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์ด ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ชจํ˜•๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์Œ์•…์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์  ๋ชจํ˜• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ Webster(1989, 2002)์˜ ์Œ์•…์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์ฐฝ์˜์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์Œ์•… ํ™œ๋™์˜ ๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์˜์  ์Œ์•… ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ฐฝ์˜์  ์Œ์•…์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋‚ด์  ์š”์ธ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ง๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์Œ์•…์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ ๊ณ„๋ฐœ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์Œ์•…๊ต์œก์—์„œ ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ง๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ์š”์ธ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์„ค 7 3. ์ฃผ์š” ์šฉ์–ด ์ •๋ฆฌ 8 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 12 1. ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ 12 2. ๊ตญ์•…์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜์  ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ 22 3. ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ง 31 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 36 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž 36 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ 39 3. ์‹คํ—˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ 43 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ 43 5. ํ‰๊ฐ€ 51 6. ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 53 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 57 1. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 57 2. ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์ด ์žฅ๋‹จ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 59 3. ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ‰ํฅ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 61 4. ๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ง์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ 63 5. ๋…ผ์˜ 76 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 80 1. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  80 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜ 82 3. 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    Changes in a Novice Teachers Epistemological Framing for Facilitating Small-Group Modeling: From Filling in Blanks to Social Construction of Scientific Reasoning

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ดˆ์ž„ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋–ค ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋Š”์ง€ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์„ค๊ณ„, ์ง„ํ–‰, ์„ฑ์ฐฐํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”์—์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ 2๋…„ ์ฐจ์˜ ์ดˆ์ž„๊ณผํ•™ ๊ต์‚ฌ 1๋ช…์„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ต์‚ฌ๋Š” ์•ฝ 4๊ฐœ์›”๊ฐ„ 2๊ฐœ ํ•™๊ธ‰์—์„œ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ™œ๋™์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ 18์ฐจ์‹œ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹คํ–‰ ์ „ํ›„์—๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ-์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์ด 13ํšŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹คํ–‰๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋…นํ™” ๋…น์Œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ์ „์‚ฌ๋˜์–ด ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐœํ™” ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋ก ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๊ท€๋‚ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์„ ์œ ์ถ”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์€ ๋‹จ์› ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์— ๋นˆ์นธ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ธฐ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ, ์ค‘๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์— ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์ถ”๋ก  ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ, ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์— ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ถ”๋ก ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ตฌ์„ฑํ™œ๋™์—์„œ ๊ต์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์ด ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๊ณ„ํš, ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ์ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ์‹คํ–‰์„ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋นˆ์นธ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ธฐ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์ถ”๋ก  ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์—๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์„ฑ์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์—๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ธ์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์ถ”๋ก  ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ถ”๋ก  ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ”„๋ ˆ์ด๋ฐ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์—๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์™€์˜ ํ˜‘์—…์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ์žฅ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌํ˜‘๋ ฅ์  ์ง€์‹ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์†Œ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ชจํ˜•๊ตฌ์„ฑ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š”๊ต์‚ฌ ๊ต์œก ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. The aim of this study was to explore how a novice science teachers epistemological framing, characterized from her modeling instruction, evolved over time. We observed that the teachers framing changed over time, as she collaborated with researchers to plan, facilitate, and reflect on a series of lessons to support students small-group scientific modeling. We tried to understand how such experiences contributed to the changes in her framing. One 8th grade science teacher with two years of teaching experience participated in the study. The teacher collaborated with researchers for four months to co-plan and facilitate 18 lessons that included small-group scientific modeling. She also engaged in cogenerative reflection on the lessons for 13 times. All of her lessons and reflections were video-recorded, transcribed, and qualitatively analyzed for the purpose of the study. Our findings showed that the teachers epistemological framing, characterized from her interactions with students during modeling lessons, evolved during the study period: transitioning from an emphasis on students merely filling in blanks to prioritizing constructing personal reasoning and ultimately to focusing on the social construction of scientific reasoning. The teachers perception about what students are capable of changed, as she observed students during the modeling lessons, and this led to the shifts in her framing. Furthermore, through her engagement in planning, implementing, and reflecting on modeling lessons with researchers, she came to recognize the value of student collaboration in knowledge-building processes. These results can offer implications for supporting and studying teachers epistemological framing and modeling-based teaching by partnering with them.N
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