4 research outputs found

    뼈 ν˜•μ„±μ—μ„œ Pin1 맀개 ν”„λ‘€λ¦° μ΄μ„±μ§ˆν™”μ˜ μ—­ν• 

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μΉ˜μ˜ν•™λŒ€ν•™μ› μΉ˜μ˜κ³Όν•™κ³Ό, 2018. 2. λ₯˜ν˜„λͺ¨.One of the most reported post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulation of protein in the cell is prolin-directed phosphorylation, these phosphorylated resides also can be the targets of enzyme for other PTMs. Pin1 is an isomerase that recognizes phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro residues and causes the structural change of protein. Our previous studies have shown that Pin1 deficient exhibited a wide range of abnormal bone phenotypes. Moreover, in the signaling pathways such as FGF, BMP and PTH, which are responsible for osteoblast differentiation, isomerization of the molecule by Pin1 plays important role. Wnt/Ξ²-catenin signaling pathway, in which Ξ²-catenin nuclear localization is a critical step, also plays a major role in the control of osteoblast differentiation. However, the association of Pin1 with Wnt/Ξ²-catenin signaling pathway during bone development and detailed mechanism is not clear. In Part 1, we observed a marked reduction of Ξ²-catenin in osteoblasts of Pin1 null mice tibia. From MC3T3-E1 cells, transcription activity, the nucleus Ξ²-catenin level and the target gene expression of Ξ²-catenin were all decreased when the activity of Pin1 was reduced by si RNA or by inhibitor. We also demonstrated that Pin1 directly interacted with Ξ²-catenin, and the isomerized Ξ²-catenin which could not bind to nuclear adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) only can be retention and act as a transcription factor in the nucleus. These results might explain the decrease of Ξ²-catenin ubiquitination and showed that Pin1 is a critical factor that can regulate bone formation regulated by Wnt/Ξ²-catenin signaling pathway. In part 2, the importance of Pin1 in osteogenesis was confirmed in craniosynostosis (CS) disease animal model. CS is characterized by the premature closure of craniofacial sutures. It is follows autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, and the mutation of the FGFR2 gene is mainly the genetic cause of it. This study focused on the change of coronal suture fusion which is the major phenotype of Apert syndrome (AS) using S252W gain of function mutation of FGFR2. We aimed to treat CS caused by over-activated FGF/FGFR signal, and it was targeted that inhibiting Pin1-induced isomerization of Runx2 in FGF signaling pathway. As a result, we showed that fusion of coronal suture can be restored to close to the normal phenotype when the FGFR2S252W+ and the Pin1+/- genotype are present simultaneously. The similar results were obtained when juglone, Pin1 inhibitor, was administered to the fetus of FGFR2S252W/+ mice for drug therapy. Collectively, we demonstrated here that isomerization of Ξ²-catenin through direct interaction of Ξ²-catenin with Pin1 during osteoblast differentiation is an important factor controlling nuclear Ξ²-catenin retention and stability. In addition, we demonstrated the drug target of CS by proving that the inactivation of Pin1 causes the recovery of disease through gain of function mutation in FGFR2.I. Abbreviations 1 II. Literature review 4 III. Purpose of study 16 IV.Part 1. Pin1-mediated modification prolongs the nuclear retention of Ξ²-catenin in Wnt3a-induced osteoblast differentiation 17 V. Part 2. Pin1 is a new therapeutic target of craniosynostosis 71 VI. Conclusion 134 VII. References 136 VIII. κ΅­λ¬Έ 초둝 150Docto

    근둜자의 정신건강 보호λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 노동법적 κ·œμœ¨λ°©μ•ˆ 연ꡬ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : λ²•ν•™μ „λ¬ΈλŒ€ν•™μ› 법학과, 2020. 8. 이철수.μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  근둜자의 λ²ˆμ•„μ›ƒμ¦ν›„κ΅°μ΄ 문제되고 μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” μ—λ„ˆμ§€ 고갈 λ˜λŠ” νƒˆμ§„, 일에 λŒ€ν•œ 거리감과 λƒ‰μ†Œμ£Όμ˜, 직업적 만쑱감의 κ°μ†Œ, μ˜μ§€μ™€ 곡감λŠ₯λ ₯ 상싀 λ“±μ˜ 증상을 κ°€μ Έμ˜¨λ‹€. 노동을 톡해 μžμ•„μ‹€ν˜„μ„ κΏˆκΎΌλ‹€κ±°λ‚˜ λ…Έλ™μ—μ„œ 보람 λ˜λŠ” 행볡을 λŠλ‚€λ‹€λŠ” 것은 관념 μ†μ—μ„œλ§Œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” 것 κ°™λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ, κ³Όμ€‘ν•œ λ…Έλ™μœΌλ‘œ 정신건강이 ν™©νν™”λ˜λŠ” 것을 μ˜ˆλ°©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 방법을 λ…Όμ˜ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. 졜근 근둜자의 정신건강은 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 화두가 λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜, 정신건강에 κ΄€ν•œ λ…Όμ˜λ“€μ€ 주둜 폭λ ₯, 괴둭힘, 차별, 성적 괴둭힘 λ“±μœΌλ‘œ λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ„ μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€. 그런데 μ‚¬μš©μžμ˜ μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œλ„ κ·Έ ν–‰μœ„ νƒœμ–‘μ— 따라 λ²ˆμ•„μ›ƒμ¦ν›„κ΅°μ„ μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” λ“± 근둜자의 정신건강을 ν•΄μΉ˜λŠ” μš”μΈμ΄ 될 수 μžˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μƒμ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ κ³Όλ‹€ν•œ 업무λ₯Ό λΆ€κ³Όν•˜λŠ” μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œ, 근둜자λ₯Ό μ₯μ–΄μ§œλŠ” λ“―ν•œ μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œ, μ˜ˆμ •μ— μ—†λ˜ μΆ”κ°€ μ—…λ¬΄μ˜ 반볡적인 μ§€μ‹œ 등이 κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•˜λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œλŠ” 근둜자의 업무강도λ₯Ό κ°•ν™”μ‹œν‚€κ³ , 높은 슀트레슀λ₯Ό μœ λ°œν•˜λ©° μ‹¬ν•œ 경우 μ—¬λŸ¬ μ§ˆν™˜μ„ μ•ΌκΈ°ν•œλ‹€. κ·Έ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ κ·Όλ‘œμžλŠ” κ·Όλ‘œμ˜μš•μ„ μžƒκ³  인격을 μƒμ‹€ν•˜λŠ” λ“±μ˜ 정신적 손상을 μž…μ„ 수 μžˆλ‹€. 이에 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μœ„μ™€ 같은 μ‚¬μš©μžμ˜ μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œλ‘œ 인해 근둜자의 정신건강이 μΉ¨ν•΄λ˜λŠ” μƒν™©μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 근둜자λ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ λ°©μ•ˆμ„ λ…Όμ˜ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ¨Όμ € 근둜자의 μ •μ‹ κ±΄κ°•μ΄λΌλŠ” ν‘œν˜„μ΄ ν”νžˆ μ“°μ΄λŠ” ν‘œν˜„μž„μ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ , κ·Έ 법적 κ°œλ…μ΄ λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ μ •λ¦½λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ•˜κΈ°μ— λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œ 정신건강 κ°œλ…μ„ μ •λ¦½ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œ, κ·Όλ‘œμžκ°€ μ •μ‹ μ μœΌλ‘œ κ±΄κ°•ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 것은, μžμ‹ μ˜ 적성과 λŠ₯λ ₯에 λΉ„μΆ”μ–΄ μžμ‹ μ΄ ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ„ νƒν•œ 노동을 ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ°½μΆœν•˜κ³ , κ·Έ 노동을 톡해 슀슀둜 물질적 기초λ₯Ό λ§ˆλ ¨ν•  뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ κ·Έ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ³ ν†΅μŠ€λŸ¬μ›€κ³Ό μˆ˜κ³ λ‘œμ›€μ„ 감당할 수 있으며, λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ κ·Έ 노동을 ν†΅ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒμ™€μ˜ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš© μ†μ—μ„œ μžμ‹ μ˜ μ‘΄μž¬μ™€ 역할을 느끼고 μžμ•„μ‹€ν˜„κ°μ„ λŠλ‚„ 수 μžˆλŠ” μƒνƒœμ— 있음으둜 μ •μ˜ν•œλ‹€. νŒλ‘€λŠ” 인격ꢌ이 μΉ¨ν•΄λ˜κ±°λ‚˜ μΈκ°„μ˜ μ‘΄μ—„κ³Ό κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ ν›Όμ†λœ 경우 정신적 고톡 λ˜λŠ” ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό μž…μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  λ³Έλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ 근둜자의 정신건강이 μΉ¨ν•΄λœ κ²½μš°λŠ” 근둜자의 인격ꢌ이 μΉ¨ν•΄λœ 경우라고 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 근둜자의 μΈκ²©κΆŒμ€ 일반적인 인격ꢌ 외에, κ·Όλ‘œμ œκ³΅μ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ μžμ•„λ₯Ό μ‹€ν˜„ν•˜κ³  그의 정체성을 μœ μ§€ν•˜λ©°, 또 κ·Έ λΆ€μˆ˜μ  κ²°κ³Όλ‘œμ„œ ν–₯μƒλœ 직업 λŠ₯λ ₯을 κ°€μ§€λŠ” 것, 그리고 κ·Έ 과정을 톡해 μžμ•„μ‹€ν˜„κ°κ³Ό λ³΄λžŒμ„ λŠλΌλŠ” 것을 λ‚΄μš©μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” λ…Έλ™μΈκ²©κΆŒμ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•œλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 점에 λΉ„μΆ”μ–΄ λ³Ό λ•Œ κ·Όλ‘œμžκ°€ κ·Όλ‘œμ˜μš• 및 μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μƒμ‹€ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μžμ‹ μ΄ ν•˜λŠ” μΌμ—μ„œ 직업적 효용감 λ˜λŠ” λ§Œμ‘±κ°μ„ λŠλΌμ§€ λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λ©΄, λ…Έλ™μΈκ²©κΆŒμ΄ μΉ¨ν•΄λœ 것이라고 ν•  수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. 이 경우 κ·Όλ‘œμžλŠ” 일을 ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜λŠ” μžμ•„μ‹€ν˜„κ°μ„ λŠλΌμ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” μƒνƒœμΌ κ²ƒμ΄λ―€λ‘œ, κ·Όλ‘œμžκ°€ μ •μ‹ μ μœΌλ‘œ κ±΄κ°•ν•œ μƒνƒœ, 곧 κ·Όλ‘œμžκ°€ μžμ‹ μ˜ 일을 톡해 μžμ•„μ‹€ν˜„κ°μ„ λŠλ‚„ 수 μžˆλŠ” μƒνƒœμ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜κ²Œ 되며, μ΄λ•Œλ₯Ό 근둜자 μ •μ‹ κ±΄κ°•μ˜ μΉ¨ν•΄κ°€ μžˆλŠ” λ•ŒλΌκ³  ν•  수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  λΉ„μš© 절감 κ²½μ˜λ°©μ‹μ˜ 산물인 μ‚¬μš©μžμ˜ 과쀑 μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œλŠ”, 근둜자의 μ‹œκ°„ ν™œμš©μ„ κ·ΉλŒ€ν™”ν•˜λ €λŠ” κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ λΉ„λ‘―λœ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 인간을 객체화, μ‚¬λ¬Όν™”ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ–΄ μΈκ°„μ˜ 쑴엄성을 μΉ¨ν•΄ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€. κ·Όλ‘œμžλŠ” 과쀑 μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œ 속에 ν—ˆλ•μ΄λ©΄μ„œ 인격적 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œμ˜ λ…Έλ™μ˜ 의미λ₯Ό μžƒμ–΄λ²„λ¦ΌμœΌλ‘œμ¨, λ…Έλ™μΈκ²©κΆŒμ„ μΉ¨ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜κ³  정신건강 μΉ¨ν•΄λ₯Ό μž…κΈ° 쉽닀. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ―€λ‘œ 정신건강 μΉ¨ν•΄ 방지λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 법적인 λ³΄ν˜Έκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 법적 λ³΄ν˜ΈλŠ” κ·Όλ‘œμžκ°€ κ±΄κ°•ν•˜κ²Œ 일할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ꡭ가와 μ‚¬μš©μžκ°€ 보호, λ°°λ €ν•  것을 κ·œμœ¨ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ”λ°, κ·Έ 이둠적 κΈ°μ΄ˆλŠ” ν—Œλ²•μƒ 기본ꢌ인 κ·Όλ‘œκΆŒμ—μ„œ 찾을 수 μžˆλ‹€. μœ„μ™€ 같은 기초적 λ…Όμ˜λ₯Ό μ „μ œλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©μžμ˜ μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œλ‘œ μΈν•œ 근둜자의 정신건강 μΉ¨ν•΄ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ ν˜„ν–‰λ²•κ³Ό 노동계약 관계 λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 규율될 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. λ¨Όμ € μ‚¬μš©μžμ˜ μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œλŠ” ν˜„μž¬μ˜ ν•΄μ„μƒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” 업무상 λΆˆκ°€ν”Όν•œ 사정이 μ—†μŒμ—λ„ 물리적으둜 ν•„μš”ν•œ μ΅œμ†Œν•œμ˜ μ‹œκ°„λ§ˆμ €λ„ ν—ˆλ½ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” λ“±μ˜ κ²½μš°μ— 직μž₯λ‚΄ κ΄΄λ‘­νž˜μ— ν•΄λ‹Ήν•  수 μžˆκΈ°λŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜, μ‚¬μš©μžμ˜ λΉ„μš© 절감 및 근둜자의 노동λ ₯ ν™œμš© κ·ΉλŒ€ν™” μ „λž΅μ΄ 투영된 쑰직문화와 λΆ„μœ„κΈ°, κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 쑰직문화λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬ μƒμ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ 높은 κ°•λ„μ—μ„œ 일할 μˆ˜λ°–μ— μ—†κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 일상적인 μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œ 등도 괴둭힘으둜 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ„μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 해석상 λ‚œμ μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ 논문은 ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ˜ 경우λ₯Ό 참고둜 ν•˜μ—¬ μ’€ 더 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ˜ μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œκ°€ 괴둭힘 κ·œμ •μ— 포섭될 수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€λŠ₯성을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©μžμ˜ μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œλ‘œ μΈν•œ 정신건강 μΉ¨ν•΄ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ‚°μ—…μ•ˆμ „λ³΄κ±΄λ²•μ˜ 취지와 성격, μ‚°μ—…μ•ˆμ „λ³΄κ±΄λ²• 제5쑰의 해석, 졜근 κ³ κ°μ‘λŒ€κ·Όλ‘œμžμ— λŒ€ν•œ 건강μž₯ν•΄μ˜ˆλ°©μ‘°μΉ˜κ°€ μ‹ μ„€λœ 사싀이 μ£ΌλŠ” ν•¨μ˜ 등을 근거둜 μ‚°μ—…μ•ˆμ „λ³΄κ±΄λ²•μ—μ„œ κ·œμœ¨ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ¬Έμ œμž„μ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 그리고 μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œμ™€ κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ λ„μΆœν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬μš©μžμ˜ ꡬ체적인 μ˜λ¬΄μ—λŠ” κ·Όλ‘œμ‹œκ°„ νŒŒμ•… 의무, 근둜자의 상황을 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜μ—¬ 업무λ₯Ό μ‘°μ •ν•  의무, μ§€μ‹œν•  업무에 λŒ€ν•œ μ •ν™•ν•œ 이해 및 μˆ™μ§€ 의무, κ³ κ°μ‚¬μ™€μ˜ κ±°λž˜μ‘°κ±΄μ„ κ·Όλ‘œμžμ—κ²Œ μ•Œλ¦΄ 의무, κ³ κ°μ‚¬μ˜ 좔가적 μž”μ—… μš”μ²­ 확인ο½₯감독 의무 등이 ν¬ν•¨λœλ‹€κ³  λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ 과쀑 μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œλ‘œ μΈν•œ 정신건강 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ‚¬μš©μžλΏ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 고객사 λ“± 제3μžμ— μ˜ν•΄ 유발, μ‹¬ν™”λ˜λŠ” 경우라면 κ³„μ•½μ‘°κ±΄μ΄λ‚˜ λ‚΄μš© 결정에 μžˆμ–΄ 이듀이 κ°–λŠ” μš°μ›”μ μΈ μ§€μœ„ 및 λ„κΈ‰μΈμ˜ μ•ˆμ „ο½₯보건쑰치 κ·œμ •μ— κ΄€ν•œ 해석을 근거둜 ν•˜μ—¬ μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œλ„ μ‘°μΉ˜μ˜λ¬΄κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 해석을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ μ‚°μ—…μ•ˆμ „λ³΄κ±΄λ²•μ˜ λͺ©μ  κ·œμ •, 사업주 λ“±μ˜ 의무 κ·œμ • 및 κ·Έ ν•˜μœ„λ²•κ·œ, λ„κΈ‰μΈμ˜ μ•ˆμ „μ‘°μΉ˜ 및 보건쑰치 κ·œμ • 등을 κ°œμ •ν•˜κ³ , 의무 ꡐ윑 κ·œμ •μ„ μ‹ μ„€ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. λ”λΆˆμ–΄ 근둜자의 정신건강 보호λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 체계적 μž₯치λ₯Ό 섀계할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  νŒλ‹¨ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 근둜자의 정신건강 보호 λ°©μ•ˆκ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ μ—¬λŸ¬ μ„ ν–‰ λ¬Έν—Œλ“€μ€, 물리적ο½₯μ‚¬νšŒμ‹¬λ¦¬μ  ν™˜κ²½μ„ κ°œμ„ ν•˜κ³  슀트레슀 μ œκ³΅μ›μ„ λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 이λ₯Έλ°” 1μ°¨ μ˜ˆλ°©μ„ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄ λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλ„ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 접근법을 κ΄€μ² ν•œ μ œλ„λ₯Ό μ œμ•ˆν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λŠ” κ·Όλ‘œμžκ°€ 과쀑 μ—…λ¬΄λ‘œ 정신건강이 침해될 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμ–΄ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 경우 μ‚°μ—…λ³΄κ±΄μ˜μ˜ 상담을 받도둝 κΆŒκ³ ν•˜κ³ , ν•„μš”ν•œ 경우 μ‚°μ—…λ³΄κ±΄μ˜κ°€ μ‚¬μš©μžμ—κ²Œ 근둜자의 상황을 μ•Œλ € ν•΄λ‹Ή 근둜자의 정신건강 보호λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ μ ˆν•œ μ‘°μΉ˜κ°€ 이루어지도둝 ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ‚΄μš©μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” μ œλ„(이λ₯Έλ°” 경보체계)이닀. μœ„ μ œλ„μ— μ˜ν•΄ 기둝ο½₯μˆ˜μ§‘ο½₯ λ³΄κ΄€λ˜λŠ” μ •λ³΄λ“€μ˜ λ³΄μ•ˆκ³Ό κ΄€λ¦¬μžμ˜ 쀑립성과 독립성, λΉ„λ°€μœ μ§€μ˜λ¬΄μ˜ μΆ©μ‹€ν•œ μ€€μˆ˜κ°€ λ‹΄λ³΄λœλ‹€λ©΄, μ •μ‹ μ β€€μΈκ²©μ μœΌλ‘œ μΉ¨ν•΄λ₯Ό 받지 μ•ŠλŠ” κ·Όλ‘œν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ κ·Όλ‘œν•  κΆŒλ¦¬λ‘œμ„œμ˜ 근둜ꢌ 및 κ·Έλ‘œλΆ€ν„° κ΅¬μ²΄ν™”λœ κΆŒλ¦¬λ“€μ„ μ‹€ν˜„ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ œλ„λ‘œ κΈ°λŠ₯ν•  수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. μœ„ κ²½λ³΄μ²΄κ³„μ˜ 효과적인 μ‹œν–‰μ„ μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ‚°μ—…λ³΄κ±΄μ˜ μ œλ„μ˜ μž¬μ •λΉ„κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. μ‚°μ—…λ³΄κ±΄μ˜μ˜ κΆŒν•œμ„ κ°•ν™”ν•˜λŠ” λ°©ν–₯으둜 μž…λ²•μ΄ 이루어져야 ν•  것이닀. 그리고 근둜자의 정신건강 μΉ¨ν•΄μš”μΈμ„ 평가할 의무λ₯Ό μ‚°μ—…λ³΄κ±΄μ˜μ˜ 직무둜 μΆ”κ°€ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 1μ°¨ 예방 접근이 κ°•ν™”λ˜λ„λ‘ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  것이고, 근둜자의 정보와 κ΄€λ ¨λœ λΉ„λ°€μœ μ§€ μ˜λ¬΄λ„ ν•„μˆ˜μ μœΌλ‘œ μš”μ²­λœλ‹€. λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ 정신건강 μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œμ˜ μ „λ¬Έμ„± μš”κ±΄λ„ μžκ²©μš”κ±΄μœΌλ‘œ μΆ”κ°€ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. μ‚°μ—…μ•ˆμ „λ³΄κ±΄μœ„μ›νšŒμ™€ κ·Όλ‘œμžλŒ€ν‘œ μ œλ„μ˜ μž¬μ •λΉ„λ„ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. λ¨Όμ € μ‚°μ—…μ•ˆμ „λ³΄κ±΄μœ„μ›νšŒμ˜ μ‹¬μ˜ο½₯의결 사항에 κ΄€ν•˜μ—¬, μœ„μ›νšŒ λ―Έμ„€μΉ˜ 사업μž₯의 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” κ·Όλ‘œμžλŒ€ν‘œμ˜ 의견청취(μ‹¬μ˜μ‚¬ν•­μ˜ 경우) λ˜λŠ” λ™μ˜(μ˜κ²°μ‚¬ν•­μ˜ 경우) 방식이 μ•„λ‹Œ, 근둜자 과반수의 의견청취 λ˜λŠ” 집단적 λ™μ˜λ‘œ λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 것이 ν•„μš”ν•  것이닀. 그리고 κ²½λ³΄μ²΄κ³„μ˜ 효과적 μ‹œν–‰μ„ μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ 사항듀을 μ‚°μ—…μ•ˆμ „λ³΄κ±΄μœ„μ›νšŒ μ‹¬μ˜ο½₯μ˜κ²°μ‚¬ν•­μœΌλ‘œ λͺ…μ‹œν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ 있고, μ‚°μ—…μ•ˆμ „λ³΄κ±΄μœ„μ›νšŒ μ„€μΉ˜μ‚¬μ—…μž₯의 기쀀을 ν•©λ¦¬μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‘°μ •ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  것이닀. κ·Όλ‘œκΈ°μ€€λ²• λ‚΄ 규율 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œλŠ”, λ¨Όμ € 직μž₯ λ‚΄ 괴둭힘 κ·œμ •μ„ λ³΄μ™„ν•˜κ³  λͺ©μ  κ·œμ •μ„ κ°œμ •ν•  것을 μ œμ•ˆν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 그리고 μ‚¬μš©μžμ˜ μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œλ‘œ μΈν•˜μ—¬ μ •μ‹ κ±΄κ°•μ˜ μΉ¨ν•΄λ₯Ό λ°›κ²Œ 된 근둜자의 적지 μ•Šμ€ μˆ˜κ°€ 그에 λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€μ‘μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μ§ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ„ νƒν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” ν˜„μ‹€μ— μ°©μ•ˆν•˜μ—¬, κ·Όλ‘œμžκ°€ μ‚¬μš©μžμ˜ 과쀑 μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œλ‘œ 인해 고톡받아 μ‚¬μ§ν•œ 경우 이λ₯Ό ν•΄κ³ λ‘œ μ˜μ œν•˜μ—¬ λΆ€λ‹Ήν•΄κ³  ꡬ제절차의 μ μš©μ„ 받도둝 ν•˜λŠ” 법리λ₯Ό λ„μž…ν•  것을 μ œμ•ˆν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λ•Œ ꡬ제λͺ…령은 κΈˆμ „λ³΄μƒμ œλ₯Ό μ›μΉ™μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이에 μ‚¬μ§μ„œ 제좜이 λΆ€λ‹Ήν•΄κ³ λ‘œ μΈμ •λ˜λŠ” 경우, κ·Όλ‘œμžλŠ” μ›μΉ™μ μœΌλ‘œ κΈˆμ „λ³΄μƒμ„ λ°›κ²Œ λœλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” κ·Όλ‘œμžμ—κ²Œ 정신건강 μΉ¨ν•΄ μš”μΈμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°μ˜ ν•΄λ°©κ³Ό 보상적 μ •μ˜λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•œλ‹€. 그리고 μ˜μ œν•΄κ³ μ˜ μ™„ν™”λœ μž…μ¦μ±…μž„κ³Ό κ°•ν™”λœ κΈˆμ „λ³΄μƒλͺ…령은 μ‚¬μš©μžλ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬κΈˆ 슀슀둜 μœ„ν—˜μš”μΈμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œλ₯Ό μ œμ–΄ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” 기제둜 μž‘μš©ν•¨μ— 따라 근둜자 정신건강 μΉ¨ν•΄ 방지 및 예방의 κΈ°λŠ₯을 ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€. μ˜μ œν•΄κ³  인정가λŠ₯성을 높이기 μœ„ν•΄ 근둜자의 증λͺ…μ±…μž„μ„ μ™„ν™”ν•˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ, β‘  μ‚¬μš©μžκ°€ 근둜자의 과쀑 업무 상황을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŒμ—λ„ μ μ ˆν•œ 쑰치λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŒμ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 일련의 사싀듀을 κ·Όλ‘œμžκ°€ μ†Œλͺ…ν•˜λ©΄ μ‚¬μš©μžμ˜ μ€‘λŒ€ν•œ 계약 μœ„λ°˜ ν–‰μœ„κ°€ μΆ”μ •λ˜μ–΄ μ˜μ œν•΄κ³ λ‘œ μΈμ •λ˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜κ³ (μΌμ‘μ˜ μΆ”μ •), β‘‘ κ·Έ μ˜μ œν•΄κ³ κ°€ λΆ€λ‹Ήν•œ μ˜μ œν•΄κ³ λ‘œ μΆ”μ •λ˜λ„λ‘ ν•œ ν›„(법λ₯ μƒ μΆ”μ •), β‘’ μ‚¬μš©μžλŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œκ°€ μ •λ‹Ήν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŒμ„ 본증의 μ •λ„λ‘œ λ°˜μ¦ν•˜μ—¬ μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œμ˜ λΆ€λ‹Ήμ„± 좔정을 κΉ¨μ•Όλ§Œ 근둜자의 μ‚¬μ§μ„œ 제좜이 λΆ€λ‹Ήν•œ μ˜μ œν•΄κ³ κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 점이 μΈμ •λ˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ œμ•ˆν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ 논문이 κ°–λŠ” ν•¨μ˜λŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. λ¨Όμ € 기쑴의 μ—°κ΅¬λ“€μ˜ 관점이 근둜자 정신건강 보호, 관리λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ 생산성 μ¦λŒ€λΌλŠ” λΉ„μš©ο½₯편읡의 관점에 μž…κ°ν–ˆμ—ˆλ‹€λ©΄ λ³Έ 논문은 보닀 근둜자의 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ 노동이 μΈκ°„μ—κ²Œ κ°–λŠ” μ˜λ―Έμ™€ λ…Έλ™μ˜ 인격적인 츑면에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ‘μ—ˆλ‹€. 그리고 μ •μ‹ μ§ˆν™˜μ΄ λ°œμƒν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ” 데에 κ΅­ν•œλ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  λ…Έλ™μΈκ²©μ˜ 훼손 없이 노동을 ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 인격적 μ‹€ν˜„μ„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ˜λ―Έλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 정신건강 κ°œλ…μ„ μ •λ¦½ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ λ³Έ 논문은 κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ κ·Όλ‘œκΈ°μ€€λ²•μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œλ˜ 과둜 λ˜λŠ” μž₯μ‹œκ°„ 근둜의 문제λ₯Ό μ‚°μ—…μ•ˆμ „λ³΄κ±΄μ˜ μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ£¨κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ‚¬μš©μžμ˜ μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œλ₯Ό 업무상 μž¬ν•΄μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ΄ 될 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  보아 이 문제λ₯Ό μ‚°μ—…μ•ˆμ „λ³΄κ±΄ 체계 λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 회볡과 보상ο½₯λ°°μƒμ˜ 관점보닀 예방의 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ μ ‘κ·Όν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.A laborers burnout syndrome has become one of the serious issues these days. It causes the feeling of energy depletion or exhaustion, increases mental distance from the job, negativism or cynicism related to the job, reduces professional efficacy, and loses willpower and empathy. It might not exist except in ones minds that a laborer reaches self-realization or feels worthy or happy through labor, Under these circumstances, the discussion on countermeasures is needed in advance to protect laborers mental health from getting devastated due to a heavy workload. Though the mental health of laborers has become an important topic, discussions on it have mainly been around the issues such as violence, bullying, discrimination, sexual harassment, and so on. An employers work directive, by the way, can be the factor that harms a laborers mental health. For example, depending on the way the work order is exercised, it can bring out burnout syndrome to laborers. Specifically, such a work directive includes imposing a laborer excessive work, pressuring a laborer, and assigning a laborer additional tasks that were not planned at all at the beginning. Such a directive deepens the labor intensity of the laborers, provokes higher level of stress, and, in severe cases, causes a variety of diseases. The laborer may be mentally damaged like losing the willpower to work and getting depersonalized along the way. This dissertation discussed methods of resolution to protect laborers mental health from getting damaged due to the employers directive imposing a heavy workload, First of all, since the legal concept of a laborers mental health is not settled clearly, although it is commonly used, this dissertation established the concept of the mental health of a laborer. By definition, a laborer is mentally healthy means a laborer is at the state of being able to create value, to lay the material foundation, to cope with laboriousness that can be generated along the way, and more than that, to feel his/her existence, role, and a sense of self-realization in social interaction through labor. It was found that the judicial precedents acknowledged the existence of mental anguish or psychological damage when a Personality Right(hereinafter referred to as personality right) or Human Dignity and Value is violated. Therefore, it is assured that the case that a laborers mental health is violated is when the laborers personality right is violated. The personality right of a laborer, here, means both the one as a general personality right and the other as a characteristic personality right as a laborer. And the personality right of a laborer(so-called personality right in labor) is a specific right in the labor realm, which includes that a laborer could achieve self-fulfillment, maintain his/her identity, obtain improved occupational ability, and feel worthwhile, happy, and self-realized through labor. If so, when a laborer loses his/her willpower to work and becomes exhausted, or fails to feel efficacy or satisfaction, it would show that the laborers personality right in labor is violated. In this case, the laborer would not to be able to feel a sense of self-actualization that he/she has expected or has been feeling by laboring. Then, the laborer gets out of the state of being mentally healthy, which one may say he/she is at the state of mental health violated. The employers excessive directive, which is originated from the perspective of maximizing the utilization of laborers time, as a byproduct of cost reduction management system today, objectifies human beings and violates their dignity. The laborer, swamped with tons of tasks to be done, comes to lose meaning of the personal aspect of labor, which leads to the violation of personality right in labor and mental health. In this respect, the legal intervention from the perspective of Labor Law is required. This intervention in Labor Law starts from regulating government and employers to take care of laborers in order for them to be able to work at the environment that enables them to maintain their mental health as well as their physical health. The theoretical ground of regulating such obligation to take consideration for a laborers mental health can be found in the interpretation of Right to Work. Based on the discussion above, this study examined how the problem of a laborers mental health caused by an employers excessive directive can be regulated in the current laws and labor contract relationships. Firstly, some of employers excessive directives may constitute workplace harassment in Labor Standard Act according to the present interpretation, when the directive is exercised in inappropriate situations, even though there was no unavoidable circumstances, not allowing even the minimum amount of time physically required, and so on. However, there was an interpretative problem as to whether an organizational culture or atmosphere where an employers cost-minimization and efficacy-maximization strategy are reflected, and an ordinary directive based on that culture or atmosphere that impels laborers to fulfill intensified and excessive tasks habitually, could be viewed as workplace harassment. This study found more diverse directives can be interpreted into workplace harassment with reference to cases in France. Secondly, this study confirmed the problem of a laborers mental health infringement caused by an employers excessive directive can be regulated under the Occupational Safety and Health Act, based on the purpose and characteristics of the Occupational Safety and Health Act, the interpretation of the Article 5 of the Act, the implication of the recent legislation on the measures for prevention of customer service laborers health disorder. Then, the study has drawn specific obligations of the employer that can be imposed on the employers excessive directive, such as the obligation to identify laborers working hours, to understand and be well-informed of tasks the employer would order, to give information on the contract conditions decided between the employer and the client company(contractor) regarding the business that can be the aim of the employers directive, to check and supervise whether there is any extra work from a client company(contractor) in a supply chain such as an additional request or a changed request that a contractor directly orders to a laborer. Furthermore, the study examined that these obligations can be imposed on those who are not employers but carry weight with the employers, if the problems of a laborers mental health caused by excessive directive are brought about from them or get aggravated by them, based on the dominant status they have in making a decision on the contract conditions or contents regarding the contractual right-obligation. Based on this interpretation, the study asserted that the provisions on purpose, duties of Business Owners, etc and the subordinate regulations, and duties of contractor are needed to be revised and the provisions on compulsory education are needed to be established. In addition, the study claimed that a new system should be planned. Since precedent literatures regarding the protection of laborers mental health have emphasized so-called primary prevention, meaning improving physical and psychosocial environments and changing stressors, the study suggests the system which tries to satisfy that point of view. This system recommends the laborer whose mental health is likely to be violated due to a heavy workload to take counsel from an industrial health doctor, allows the doctor to inform the employer of the laborers status and advises him regarding some measures needed, if a certain standard is satisfied in the doctors judgment based on the records of the laborers work and counseling space(so called alarm system). This system has a legal issue on the possibility of violation of the Right to Informational Self-Determination. If thorough compliance is assured on the security of information recorded, collected, and kept by the alarm system, neutrality and independence of the administrator, confidentiality obligation, and the benefit as protection of laborers mental health that could be obtained through this system would predominate over the degree of the Right to Informational Self-Determination restricted through implementing this system. In order for the system to be effectively implemented, a reorganization of the system of industrial health doctor is required. A legislation is needed in the direction to strengthen the authority of the industrial health doctor. Also an approach in the prospect of primary prevention should be strengthened, by adding the employers obligation to estimate factors which violate laborers mental health. An obligation of confidentiality regarding laborers information also needs to be strongly requested. A qualification requirement needs to be stricter, too. Additionally, a reorganization of the Occupational Safety and Health Committee and Representative of Employees is required. First of all, regarding important matters requiring to be deliberated or to resolved, in the place of business where no Occupational Health and Safety Committee is established, the way to make decision should be turned into hearing opinions and obtaining collective consent of more than half of laborers, respectively from the current way hearing opinions, obtaining consent from the Representative of Employees only. Also, for the prevention of mental health from being violated due to the employers directive imposing a heavy workload, the points which are necessary for the effective implementation of the alarm system should be specifically stated as matters that are required to be deliberated or resolved. The standard for setting up an Occupational Safety and Health Committee needs to be reasonably adjusted, too. As for measures that can be realized in the Labor Standard Act, the study suggests that the act should supplement the provision on workplace harassment, revise the provision on purpose and introduce a new principle on dismissal regulation. Based on the actual condition where a number of laborers have been suffering from mental health violations due to the employers excessive directive and come to resign in response to it, this study proposes introducing a law that requires laborers to be subjected to unfair dismissal and relief procedures, if they resigned after suffering from mental anguish due to the employers directive imposing a heavy workload. In this case, remedial order should be the monetary compensation in principle. When the submission of resignation is admitted as an unfair dismissal, the laborer comes to be compensated in money. It not only provides laborers with liberation from and compensatory justice from the factors that infringe mental health, but also functions as a mechanism that prevents the laborers mental health from getting damaged, making the employer control his/her directives voluntarily with the burden of strengthened compensation. As a method of alleviating the burden of proof to enhance the possibility of his/her resignation being acknowledged as a constructive dismissal, this study suggests several methods: (i) once a laborer gives prima-facie evidences of a series of facts which demonstrate that the employer didnt take any measure in the situation where he could recognize the laborer suffered from a heavy workload, a significant violation of a labor contract by an employer is estimated, (ii) once a constructive dismissal is acknowledged, the dismissal is estimated as unjust, and (iii) the employer should give disproof that proves his/her directive was justifiable to such an extent to break the presumed facts in order not for the laborers submission of retirement to be acknowledged as unjust constructive dismissal. The implication of this study is as follows. While other precedent literatures seem to have focused on the cost-benefit analysis of protecting laborer mental health and increasing productivity through management, this study focused more on the meaning of labor to man and the personality aspect of labor from the perspective of laborers. It also tried to establish a normative concept of mental health, which is not limited to the level that just prevents mental disorder but enables a laborer to reach self-realization through labor, without the damages of personality right in labor. In addition, this study attempted to deal with overwork or long work hours within a framework of occupational safety and health, beyond the discussion in the realm of working conditions under the Labor Standard Act. Since laborers long work hours, overwork, and such are on the back of an employers exercised directive, under which a laborer cannot help doing so, such a directive is a serious occupational hazard. This study also took an approach from the perspective of ex ante prevention, rather than the perspective of recovery, compensation, or reparation.제1μž₯ μ„œλ‘  1 제1절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ°°κ²½ 1 제2절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λŒ€μƒ 4 제3절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ꡬ성과 방법 6 β… . μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ꡬ성 6 β…‘. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 방법 8 제2μž₯ 근둜자의 정신건강 9 제1절 μ •μ‹ λ…Έλ™μ—μ„œμ˜ 정신건강 9 β… . 근둜자의 정신건강 문제 λŒ€λ‘ 9 1. 업무상 μœ„ν—˜κ³Ό 정신건강 9 2. 업무강도 κ°•ν™”μ˜ μœ„ν—˜ 및 κ·Έ λ³Έμ§ˆλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œ 13 3. 과쀑 업무와 정신노동 17 β…‘. 노동법적 κ°œλ…μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 정신노동 22 1. λ…Έλ™λ²•μ—μ„œμ˜ '노동' 22 κ°€. λ…Έλ™μ˜ 법적 의미 22 λ‚˜. λ…Έλ™λ²•μ˜ 물적 μš”μ†Œλ‘œμ„œμ˜ '쒅속노동' 23 2. λ…Έλ™λ²•μ—μ„œμ˜ '정신노동' 24 κ°€. 'μ •μ‹ ' - λΆ€κ°€κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ°½μΆœν•˜λŠ” 정신적 μž‘μš© 25 λ‚˜. '노동' - 정신적 μž‘μš©μ˜ λ°©ν–₯ 섀정에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œμ˜ 타인결정성 26 β…’. κ²€ν†  27 제2절 μ •μ‹ κ±΄κ°•μ˜ 노동법적 의의 28 β… . μ •μ‹ κ±΄κ°•μ˜ 의의 28 β…‘. 법적 κ°œλ…μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 정신건강 30 1. 법λ₯ κ³Ό νŒλ‘€μ—μ„œμ˜ μš©λ‘€ 30 κ°€. 법λ₯  31 λ‚˜. νŒλ‘€ 32 2. '근둜자 정신건강'의 법적 의미 38 κ°€. μ •μ˜ 38 λ‚˜. νŠΉμ§•μ  μš”μ†Œ 38 λ‹€. 각 μš”μ†Œλ“€ κ°„ 관계와 근둜자 μ •μ‹ κ±΄κ°•μ˜ μš”κ±΄ 41 라. 슀트레슀 42 마. κ²€ν†  52 3. κ·Όλ‘œμžμ—κ²Œ μžˆμ–΄ '정신건강 μΉ¨ν•΄'의 의미 53 κ°€. '정신건강 μΉ¨ν•΄' 의 의미 53 λ‚˜. μ‚¬μš©μžμ˜ μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œμ™€ 근둜자의 '정신건강 μΉ¨ν•΄' 56 λ‹€. 근둜자의 '정신건강 μΉ¨ν•΄'와 '정신건강μž₯ν•΄ λ°œμƒ'의 ꡬ별 58 β…’. κ²€ν†  60 제3절 노동법적 규율의 μ€‘μš”μ„±κ³Ό 법적 기초 61 β… . 근둜자 정신건강 λ¬Έμ œμ— κ΄€ν•œ 노동법적 규율의 μ€‘μš”μ„± 61 β…‘. 법적 κΈ°μ΄ˆλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 근둜ꢌ 65 1. μ’…λž˜μ˜ 근둜ꢌ λ…Όμ˜ 65 2. 근둜ꢌ의 λ‚΄μš© 67 κ°€. ν—Œλ²• 제32μ‘°μ—μ„œμ˜ '근둜' 69 λ‚˜. ν—Œλ²• 제32μ‘° 제3ν•­μ—μ„œμ˜ 'μΈκ°„μ˜ 쑴엄성을 보μž₯ν•˜λŠ” 근둜쑰건' 70 3. κ·Όλ‘œκΆŒμ—μ„œ νŒŒμƒλœ κΆŒλ¦¬μ™€ 근둜자 정신건강 76 κ°€. μ—°κ²°μ°¨λ‹¨κΆŒ 76 λ‚˜. κ·Όλ‘œμžμ°Έμ—¬κΆŒ 및 μ •λ³΄μ ‘κ·ΌκΆŒ 77 λ‹€. μž‘μ—…μ€‘μ§€κΆŒ 78 라. κ±΄κ°•κ΄€λ¦¬κΆŒ 79 4. μΈκ°„λ‹€μš΄ μƒν™œμ„ ν•  κΆŒλ¦¬μ™€ 정신건강 80 제4절 μ†Œκ²° 81 제3μž₯ 근둜자의 정신건강에 κ΄€ν•œ λ…Έλ™λ²•μ˜ 적용 84 제1절 정신건강 μΉ¨ν•΄ 예방 및 κ΅¬μ œμ— κ΄€ν•œ 규율 85 β… . κ·Όλ‘œκΈ°μ€€λ²• 85 1. κ·Όλ‘œμ‹œκ°„ κ΄€λ ¨ κ·œμ • 85 2. 직μž₯λ‚΄ 괴둭힘 κ·œμ • 86 κ°€. μš”κ±΄ 86 λ‚˜. κ²€ν†  및 ν•œκ³„ 88 β…‘. μ‚°μ—…μ•ˆμ „λ³΄κ±΄λ²• 90 β…’. λ―Όν˜•μ‚¬μ  ꡬ제 91 1. 민사적 ꡬ제 91 2. ν˜•μ‚¬μ  ꡬ제 94 β…£. κ²€ν†  95 제2절 κ·Όλ‘œκΈ°μ€€λ²•μƒ '직μž₯λ‚΄ 괴둭힘'의 적용 96 β… . μ„œμ„€ 96 β…‘. 직μž₯λ‚΄ κ΄΄λ‘­νž˜μ— κ΄€ν•œ 적극적 해석 98 1. 강학상 직μž₯λ‚΄ 괴둭힘의 μ •μ˜μ™€ μœ ν˜• 98 κ°€. κ΅­λ‚΄ 98 λ‚˜. μ™Έκ΅­μ˜ 경우-ν”„λž‘μŠ€ 101 2. ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ˜ 'μ œλ„μ  괴둭힘' 해석과 κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ 102 κ°€. '괴둭힘'에 κ΄€ν•œ ν”„λž‘μŠ€ λ²•μ›μ˜ νƒœλ„ 102 λ‚˜. μ œλ„μ  괴둭힘의 μ˜ˆμ‹œ 104 3. κ²€ν†  및 μ‹œμ‚¬μ  106 β…’. 정리 108 제3절 μ‚°μ—…μ•ˆμ „λ³΄κ±΄λ²•μƒ 사업주 의무의 적용 110 β… . μ„œμ„€ 110 β…‘. μ‚¬μ—…μ£Όμ˜ 쑰치의무 κ΄€λ ¨ κ·œμ •μ˜ 해석 111 1. ν—Œλ²•κ³Ό μ‚°μ—…μ•ˆμ „λ³΄κ±΄λ²•μ˜ 관계 111 2. μ‚°μ—…μ•ˆμ „λ³΄κ±΄λ²• 제5μ‘°, μ‚°μ—…μ•ˆμ „λ³΄κ±΄κΈ°μ€€μ— κ΄€ν•œ κ·œμΉ™ 제669쑰의 해석 112 3. κ³ κ°μ‘λŒ€κ·Όλ‘œμžμ˜ 건강μž₯ν•΄ 예방쑰치 μž…λ²•μ˜ μ‹œμ‚¬μ  114 4. κ²€ν†  116 β…’. μ—…λ¬΄μ§€μ‹œμ™€ κ΄€λ ¨ν•œ μ‚¬μš©μžμ˜ 의무 117 1. 기본적인 의무 117 2. 의무 λ‚΄μš©μ˜ κ°•ν™” 118 κ°€. 의무 λ‚΄μš©μ΄ κ°•ν™”λ˜λŠ” μƒν™©κ³ κ°μ‚¬μ˜ μ‘΄μž¬μ™€ 거래쑰건 118 λ‚˜. νŒŒμƒλ˜λŠ” 좔가적인 μ˜λ¬΄λ“€ 118 β…£. 근둜자 정신건강 보호쑰치 의무 주체의 ν™•μž₯ κ°€λŠ₯μ„± 121 1. κ³ κ°μ‚¬μ˜ 노동법적 의미 121 κ°€. '원청사업주'λ‘œμ„œμ˜ 고객사 121 λ‚˜. 노동관계 λ‚΄ μœ„μΉ˜ 122 λ‹€. κ³ κ°μ‘λŒ€μ—…λ¬΄μ—μ„œμ˜ 제3자(고객)μ™€μ˜ 비ꡐ 124 2. 근둜자 정신건강 보호 μ˜λ¬΄μ£Όμ²΄λ‘œμ„œμ˜ 원청사업주 인정 κ°€λŠ₯μ„± 126 κ°€. 문제점 126 λ‚˜. λ„κΈ‰μΈμ˜ 의무 κ·œμ • 및 κ°œμ • μ‚°μ—…μ•ˆμ „λ³΄κ±΄λ²•μ—μ„œ '도급'의 κ°œλ… 127 λ‹€. 보둠-κ°œμ • μ‚°μ—…μ•ˆμ „λ³΄κ±΄λ²• 제5μ‘° 제2ν•­μ˜ 해석과 κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ 130 라. κ²€ν†  132 3. ꡬ체적인 쑰치의무의 λ„μΆœ 133 κ°€. ν•˜μ²­κ·Όλ‘œμžμ˜ 과쀑 업무λ₯Ό μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λŠ” λ¬΄λ¦¬ν•œ 쑰건 μ•½μ • κΈˆμ§€ 133 λ‚˜. 계약 λ‚΄μš©μ˜ 일방적 λ³€κ²½ κΈˆμ§€ 134 λ‹€. 합리적 κΈ°κ°„ λΆ€μ—¬ 137 β…€. 정리 138 제4절 κ·Όλ‘œκ³„μ•½μƒ μ•ˆμ „λ°°λ €μ˜λ¬΄μ˜ 적용 138 β… . μ„œμ„€ 138 β…‘. μ•ˆμ „λ°°λ €μ˜λ¬΄μ™€ μ‚°μ—…μ•ˆμ „λ³΄κ±΄λ²•μƒ μ˜λ¬΄μ™€μ˜ 관계 139 1. 두 의무의 관계 일반둠 139 2. μ‚°μ—…μ•ˆμ „λ³΄κ±΄λ²•μƒ ꢌ리의무의 계약 κ΄€κ³„μ—μ„œμ˜ ν™œμš© κ°€λŠ₯μ„± 141 β…’. μ•ˆμ „λ°°λ €μ˜λ¬΄μ˜ 법적 μ§€μœ„μ™€ λ‚΄μš© 144 1. μ•ˆμ „λ°°λ €μ˜λ¬΄μ˜ 법적 μ§€μœ„ 144 κ°€. ν•™μ„€ 144 λ‚˜. νŒλ‘€ 147 λ‹€. κ²€ν†  147 2. μ•ˆμ „λ°°λ €μ˜λ¬΄μ˜ λ‚΄μš© 151 β…£. μ•ˆμ „λ°°λ €μ˜λ¬΄ μœ„λ°˜μ˜ νš¨κ³Όλ‘œμ„œ λ…Έλ¬΄κΈ‰λΆ€κ±°μ ˆκΆŒ 154 1. λ…Έλ¬΄κΈ‰λΆ€κ±°μ ˆκΆŒ 행사 κ·Όκ±° 154 2. μš”κ±΄ 155 3. 싀읡 157 β…€. 정리 159 제5절 μ†Œκ²° 160 제4μž₯ λ²•μ œλ„μ  κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆ 165 제1절 μ‚°μ—…μ•ˆμ „λ³΄κ±΄λ²• λ‚΄ 규율 166 β… . λ³΄ν˜Έλ²•μ΅ 및 ꢌ리의무의 λͺ…μ‹œ 166 1. λͺ©μ  κ·œμ •(제1μ‘°) 166 2. 사업주 λ“±μ˜ 의무 κ·œμ •(제5μ‘°) 및 κ·Έ ν•˜μœ„λ²•κ·œ 168 κ°€. 제5μ‘° 제1ν•­ 제2호 κ΄€λ ¨ 168 λ‚˜. 제5μ‘° 제1ν•­ 제3호 κ΄€λ ¨ 171 3. λ„κΈ‰μΈμ˜ μ•ˆμ „μ‘°μΉ˜ 및 보건쑰치 κ·œμ •(제63μ‘°) 173 4. ꡐ윑 κ·œμ •μ˜ μ‹ μ„€ 173 β…‘. μ œλ„μ˜ μ œμ•ˆ 175 1. μ„œμ„€ 175 κ°€. μ œμ•ˆμ˜ λ°°κ²½ 175 λ‚˜. μ œλ„ μ„€κ³„μ—μ„œμ˜ μ£Όμ•ˆμ  이λ₯Έλ°” '1μ°¨ 예방' 176 λ‹€. 정신건강 μΉ¨ν•΄μ˜ 원인 νŒŒμ•…κ³Ό 평가 방법 180 라. μ™Έκ΅­μ˜ 사둀 181 2. μ œλ„μ˜ μ œμ•ˆ 이λ₯Έλ°” '경보체계' 185 κ°€. κ°œκ΄€ 185 λ‚˜. μ™Έκ΅­ μ œλ„μ™€μ˜ 비ꡐ 186 λ‹€. μ œλ„μ˜ ν—ˆμš© κ°€λŠ₯μ„± 188 라. κ²€ν†  195 3. κ²½λ³΄μ²΄κ³„μ˜ ꡬ체적인 λ‚΄μš© κ³ μ•ˆ 195 κ°€. μ œλ„ μž‘λ™ 절차 195 λ‚˜. λ„μž… 및 μš΄μš©μƒ μš”κ±΄ 198 λ‹€. 면접지도 μ‹œκ°„μ˜ κ·Όλ‘œμ‹œκ°„ ν•΄λ‹Ήμ„± 206 4. 운용 λ°©μ•ˆ 207 κ°€. 운용 주체 207 λ‚˜. νŒλ‹¨ κΈ°μ€€ 209 λ‹€. μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ 사업μž₯의 경우 μ œλ„ 운용의 νŠΉμˆ˜μ„± 215 β…’. κΈ°μ‘΄ μ œλ„μ˜ μ •λΉ„ 216 1. μ‚°μ—…λ³΄κ±΄μ˜ 216 κ°€. ν˜„ν–‰ μ œλ„μ˜ ν•œκ³„ 216 λ‚˜. μž…λ²•μ  κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆ 221 2. μ‚°μ—…μ•ˆμ „λ³΄κ±΄μœ„μ›νšŒμ™€ κ·Όλ‘œμžλŒ€ν‘œ 233 κ°€. κ°œκ΄€ 233 λ‚˜. ν˜„ν–‰ μ œλ„μ˜ ν•œκ³„ 235 λ‹€. μž…λ²•μ  κ°œμ„ λ°©μ•ˆ 244 β…£. 정리 246 제2절 κ·Όλ‘œκΈ°μ€€λ²• λ‚΄ 규율 247 β… . κΈ°μ‘΄ κ·œμ •μ˜ κ°œμ • 247 1. 직

    μ²™μˆ˜μ†Œλ‡Œμ„± μ‹€μ‘°μ¦μ—μ„œμ˜ 혈청 μ‹ κ²½ν•„λΌλ©˜νŠΈ 증가에 λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ˜κ³ΌλŒ€ν•™ μ˜ν•™κ³Ό,2020. 2. 이상건.The spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is heterogeneous group of inherited diseases which commonly presents with progressive ataxia. As serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) has been known as a promising biomarker in various neurodegenerative diseases, we aimed to evaluate serum NfL as a biomarker indicating neuronal damage in SCAs. In this study, we compared serum NfL in SCA patients with controls, and analyzed the correlation of serum NfL with clinical severity. We reviewed clinical characteristics and serum NfL level in 49 patients with SCA. Serum NfL was median 109.5 pg/mL (17.9-388.5 pg/mL) in SCA patients, and was higher than controls (median 41.1 pg/mL, 20.8-197.9 pg/mL). Within SCA patients, there was positive correlation in serum NfL level with trinucleotide repeat number (0.469, p-value = 0.001), disease period(r = 0.341, p-value = 0.019), and baseline Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) scale (r = 0.371, p-value = 0.033). However, disease onset did not have significant correlation with serum NfL (r = -0.013, p-value = 0.934). Within different SCA types, the trinucleotide repeat number and serum NfL did not have significant correlation. In summary, we found that serum NfL elevates in SCA patients, and correlates with clinical severity. Further studies with larger longitudinal cohorts of SCA patients with different SCA types, including patients with pre-clinical stage, is required to investigate serum NfL as reliable biomarker and screening method of SCA.μ²™μˆ˜μ†Œλ‡Œμ„± 싀쑰증은 점진적인 μ‹€μ‘°μ¦μ˜ 진행을 νŠΉμ§•μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μœ μ „ μ§ˆν™˜λ“€μ„ 톡틀어 μΌμ»«λŠ”λ‹€. 혈청 μ‹ κ²½ν•„λΌλ©˜νŠΈλŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‹ κ²½ 퇴행성 μ§ˆν™˜μ—μ„œ μœ μš©ν•œ μƒμ²΄ν‘œμ§€μžλ‘œ λ°ν˜€μ§€κ³  μžˆμ–΄, 혈청 μ‹ κ²½ν•„λΌλ©˜νŠΈ 경쇄가 μ²™μˆ˜μ†Œλ‡Œμ„± μ‹€μ‘°μ¦μ˜ 신경세포 손상을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” μƒμ²΄ν‘œμ§€μžκ°€ 될 수 μžˆμ„μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ”, μ²™μˆ˜μ†Œλ‡Œμ„± 싀쑰증 ν™˜μžμ™€ κ±΄κ°•ν•œ λŒ€μ‘°κ΅° 사이에 혈청 μ‹ κ²½ν•„λΌλ©˜νŠΈ 경쇄 μΈ‘μ •μΉ˜λ₯Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , μ²™μˆ˜μ†Œλ‡Œμ„± 싀쑰증 ν™˜μžμ—μ„œ μž„μƒμ μΈ 쀑증도와 혈청 μ‹ κ²½ν•„λΌλ©˜νŠΈ 경쇄 μˆ˜μΉ˜μ™€μ˜ 연관성을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ²™μˆ˜μ†Œλ‡Œμ„± 싀쑰증 ν™˜μž 49λͺ…μ˜ μž„μƒμ μΈ νŠΉμ„±μ„ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° 혈청 μ‹ κ²½ν•„λΌλ©˜νŠΈ 경쇄 수치λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό, 혈청 μ‹ κ²½ν•„λΌλ©˜νŠΈ 경쇄 μˆ˜μΉ˜λŠ” μ²™μˆ˜μ†Œλ‡Œμ„± 싀쑰증 ν™˜μžμ—μ„œ 쀑앙값 109.5 pg/mL , 전체 λ²”μœ„ 17.9-388.5 pg/mL 으둜, λŒ€μ‘°κ΅° 37λͺ… (쀑앙값 41.1 pg/mL, λ²”μœ„ 20.8–197.9 pg/mL) κ³Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ˜€μ„ λ•Œ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ 높은 값을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄μ—ˆλ‹€ (p-value < 0.001). μ²™μˆ˜μ†Œλ‡Œμ„± 싀쑰증 ν™˜μž λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 혈청 μ‹ κ²½ν•„λΌλ©˜νŠΈ 경쇄 κ°’κ³Ό μ§ˆλ³‘ 심각도λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό, μ‚Όμ—ΌκΈ° λ°˜λ³΅κ°’ (r=0.469, p-value = 0.001), μ§ˆλ³‘ μœ λ³‘ κΈ°κ°„ (r = 0.341, p-value = 0.019) 및 SARA 척도λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ 싀쑰증 심각도와 μœ μ˜ν•œ μ–‘μ˜ 상관관계가 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€ (r = 0.371, p-value = 0.033). κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ§ˆλ³‘μ˜ 첫 λ°œλ³‘ μ—°λ Ήκ³ΌλŠ” λšœλ ·ν•œ 연관성을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€ (r = -0.013, p-value = 0.934). λ˜ν•œ, 각 μ²™μˆ˜μ†Œλ‡Œμ„± 싀쑰증 μ•„ν˜• λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μ‚Όμ—ΌκΈ° λ°˜λ³΅κ°’κ³Ό μ‹ κ²½ν•„λΌλ©˜νŠΈ 경쇄 μˆ˜μΉ˜μ™€μ˜ 연관성을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜ μ²™μˆ˜μ†Œλ‡Œμ„± 싀쑰증 2ν˜•, 3ν˜•, 6ν˜•μ—μ„œ λͺ¨λ‘ λšœλ ·ν•œ 연관성이 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. μ’…ν•©ν•˜λ©΄, 이 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ²™μˆ˜μ†Œλ‡Œμ„± 싀쑰증 ν™˜μžμ—μ„œ 혈청 μ‹ κ²½ν•„λΌλ©˜νŠΈ 경쇄 μˆ˜μΉ˜κ°€ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λ©°, μ‚Όμ—ΌκΈ° λ°˜λ³΅κ°’, μ§ˆλ³‘ μœ λ³‘ κΈ°κ°„ 및 SARA μ²™λ„λ‘œ λŒ€ν‘œλ˜λŠ” μ§ˆλ³‘μ˜ 쀑증도와 μ–‘μ˜ 상관 관계λ₯Ό 가짐을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. ν–₯ν›„ 혈청 μ‹ κ²½ν•„λΌλ©˜νŠΈ 경쇄λ₯Ό μ²™μˆ˜μ†Œλ‡Œμ„± μ‹€μ‘°μ¦μ—μ„œμ˜ μƒμ²΄ν‘œμ§€μž 및 μ„ λ³„κ²€μ‚¬λ‘œ ν™œμš©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬λŠ”, 더 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ•„ν˜•μ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨μ˜ μ²™μˆ˜μ†Œλ‡Œμ„± 싀쑰증 ν™˜μžκ΅° 및 전ꡬ 단계 ν™˜μžλ“€μ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•œ 연ꡬ가 μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  것이닀.Introduction 1 Material and Methods 3 Results 7 Discussion 11 Reference 15 Abstract in Korean 33Maste
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