27 research outputs found

    Real-time CT Fluoroscopy (CTF)-Guided Vertebroplasty in Osteoporotic Spine Fractures

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    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical feasibility, benefits, and limitations of CT fluoroscopy (CTF)-guided percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). PVP under the guidance of CTF without additional guidance by conventional C-arm fluoroscopy was performed in a total of 29 vertebral bodies in 21 patients with vertebral compression fractures. While monitoring sectional CTF images, the needle was advanced from the skin to the target vertebra. Contrast media and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were injected into the target vertebra with careful monitoring of their distribution. After the procedure, an evaluation was conducted to determine whether extraosseous leakage of PMMA occurred and whether sufficient filling of PMMA had been achieved. Needle placement into the target vertebra was easily achieved with both the transpedicular and posterolateral approaches. Injection of PMMA and venous leakage of contrast media were carefully monitored in all patients, and early detection of PMMA leaking was achieved in 5 patients. Extraosseous leakage that had not been detected during the procedure was not found upon postoperative evaluation. Pain scales were significantly decreased after the procedure, and no obvious complications occurred following the procedure. CTF-guided PVP without the combined use of C-arm fluoroscopy was feasible and showed definite benefits. We believe that, in spite of some limitations, CTF-guided PVP provides an alternative technique appropriate in certain situations

    A Study on Maritime Object Detection based on Deep Learning using Collage Data Augmentation

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    제 4μ°¨ μ‚°μ—…ν˜λͺ… μ‹œλŒ€λ₯Ό λ§žμ΄ν•˜μ—¬ ν•΄μ–‘μ‚°μ—… μ „λ°˜μœΌλ‘œ 인곡지λŠ₯κ³Ό 빅데이터, 사물인터넷과 같은 μ§„λ³΄λœ 기술이 μ ‘λͺ©λœ 해상 λ¬Όλ₯˜ 4.0(Shipping 4.0) μ΄λΌλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ°œλ…μ΄ λ„μž…λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 해상 λ¬Όλ₯˜ 4.0μ—μ„œλŠ” μžμœ¨μš΄ν•­ μ„ λ°•κ³Ό 슀마트 ν•­λ§Œμ˜ κ°œλ…μ΄ μ •λ¦½λ˜κ³  있으며, μ΄λŠ” ν•΄μƒμ—μ„œ 인적였λ₯˜λ‘œ μΈν•œ μ‚¬κ³ μ˜ κ°μ†Œμ™€ μž‘μ—…μ˜ νš¨μœ¨μ„± 및 μ•ˆμ „μ„±μ„ μœ„ν•΄ 해상상황을 μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ μΈμ§€ν•˜κ³  λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬ μžλ™μœΌλ‘œ μž‘μ—…μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” ν•΄μ–‘ μƒν™©μΈμ‹κΈ°μˆ μ΄ ν•„μˆ˜μ μ΄λ‹€. 졜근 인곡지λŠ₯ κΈ°μˆ μ„ 기반으둜 ν•œ λΉ„μ „ κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ 해상상황을 μΈμ§€ν•˜κ³ , λ”λΆˆμ–΄ μ •λ³΄μ˜ 신뒰성을 보μž₯ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ„ λ°• μžλ™μ‹λ³„μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκ³Ό 같은 λ‹€μ€‘μ„Όμ„œ μž₯μΉ˜λ“€κ³Όμ˜ μ •λ³΄μœ΅ν•©μ„ ν†΅ν•œ ν•΄μ–‘ μƒν™©μΈμ‹κΈ°μˆ  연ꡬ가 μ§„ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” 해상 상황인식을 μœ„ν•œ μ‹¬μΈ΅ν•™μŠ΅ 기반의 해상 κ°μ²΄κ²€μΆœκΈ°μˆ μ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œ 콜라주 데이터 증강기법을 μ œμ•ˆν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 그리고 이쀑 ν—ˆν”„λ³€ν™˜μ„ μ΄μš©ν•œ κ³ μ†μˆ˜ν‰μ„  κ²€μΆœκΈ°μˆ κ³Ό μ„ λ°•μžλ™μ‹λ³„ μž₯치λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•œ λ‹€μ€‘μ„Όμ„œ μœ΅ν•©κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ œμ•ˆν•˜κ³  κΈ°μˆ μš”μ†Œλ“€μ— 따라 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ 섀계, 개발 및 ν•΄μƒν™˜κ²½μ— μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ‹€ν—˜μ„ 톡해 이λ₯Ό κ²€μ¦ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ œμ•ˆν•˜λŠ” 콜라주 데이터 증강기법을 검증 μ ˆμ°¨μ— 따라 곡개된 해상 κ°μ²΄κ²€μΆœ 데이터 Singapore Maritime Dataset에 μ‹€ν—˜ 및 κ²€μ¦ν•˜μ˜€μ„ λ•Œ, κ°μ²΄κ²€μΆœ 평균 정밀도가 기쑴보닀 μ•½ 1.43% ν–₯μƒλ˜λŠ” 것을 확인할 수 μžˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, ν•œκ΅­ν•΄μ–‘λŒ€ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œ μ΄¬μ˜ν•œ λΆ€μ‚°ν•­ 인근 ν•΄μƒν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ 콜라주 데이터 증강기법을 μ‹€ν—˜ 및 검증을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€μ„ λ•Œ, 기쑴보닀 μ•½ 25.7% ν–₯상됨을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆλ‹€. 고속 μˆ˜ν‰μ„ κ²€μΆœκΈ°μˆ κ³Ό λ‹€μ€‘μ„Όμ„œ μœ΅ν•©κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν™œμš©ν•œ 전체 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ˜ μ„±λŠ₯은 μ•½ 30.2% ν–₯μƒλ˜λŠ” 것을 확인할 수 있으며, 이λ₯Ό 톡해 μ œμ•ˆν•˜λŠ” 기법이 해상객체 κ²€μΆœμ˜ μ„±λŠ₯을 높일 수 있고 특히, λ²”μš©μ μΈ ν•΄μƒν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ 효과적으둜 μ„±λŠ₯을 λ°œνœ˜ν•  수 μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œ μ œμ•ˆν•˜λŠ” 방법을 ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬ μ •ν™•ν•œ 해상객체 κ²€μΆœμ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ©° μ„ λ°•μžλ™μ‹λ³„ μž₯μΉ˜μ™€μ˜ λ‹€μ€‘μ„Όμ„œ μ •λ³΄μœ΅ν•© κΈ°μˆ μ„ 톡해 μœ μš©ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό ν•¨κ»˜ 제곡 κ°€λŠ₯ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 인곡지λŠ₯ λΉ„μ „ 기술이 적용된 μžμœ¨μš΄ν•­ μ„ λ°• 및 슀마트 ν•­λ§Œμ—μ„œ 효율적이고 μ‹ λ’°μ„± μžˆλŠ” 해상 μƒν™©μΈμ‹κΈ°μˆ μ„ κΈ°λŒ€ν•œλ‹€.1. μ„œλ‘  1 1.1 연ꡬ배경 및 ν•„μš”μ„± 1 1.2 연ꡬλͺ©μ  및 λ²”μœ„ 3 2. κ΄€λ ¨ 연ꡬ 5 2.1 μˆ˜ν‰μ„  κ²€μΆœ 5 2.2 해상 κ°μ²΄κ²€μΆœ 7 2.2.1 μ‹¬μΈ΅ν•™μŠ΅ 기반의 κ°μ²΄κ²€μΆœ 기법 7 2.2.2 데이터 증강기법 9 2.3 λ‹€μ€‘μ„Όμ„œ μ •λ³΄μœ΅ν•©κΈ°μˆ  12 3. 연ꡬ 방법 14 3.1 이좩 ν—ˆν”„λ³€ν™˜μ„ ν™œμš©ν•œ κ³ μ†μˆ˜ν‰μ„ κ²€μΆœ 기술 14 3.1.1 색상 기반의 관심 μ˜μ—­ μ„€μ • 16 3.1.2 이쀑 ν—ˆν”„λ³€ν™˜ 17 3.2 μ‹¬μΈ΅ν•™μŠ΅ 기반의 해상 κ°μ²΄κ²€μΆœ 기술 18 3.2.1 Retina-Net 18 3.2.2 콜라주 데이터 증강기법 21 3.3 μ„ λ°•μžλ™μ‹λ³„ μž₯치λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ λ‹€μ€‘μ„Όμ„œ μ •λ³΄μœ΅ν•© 기술 26 3.3.1 μ„ λ°•μžλ™μ‹λ³„ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ λ©”μ‹œμ§€ 처리 λͺ¨λ“ˆ 26 3.4 λ‹€μ€‘μ„Όμ„œ μ •λ³΄μœ΅ν•© μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ 섀계 30 3.4.1 μˆ˜ν‰μ„  정보λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•œ ν‘œμ  λŒ€μƒ 필터링 32 3.4.2 거리정보λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•œ ν‘œμ  λŒ€μƒ μ •λ³΄μœ΅ν•© 33 4. μ‹€ν—˜ 및 검증 34 4.1 개발 ν™˜κ²½ 34 4.2 μ‹€ν—˜ 및 검증 35 4.2.1 μˆ˜ν‰μ„  κ²€μΆœ μ‹€ν—˜ 및 검증 35 4.2.2 해상 κ°μ²΄κ²€μΆœ μ‹€ν—˜ 및 검증 38 4.2.3 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œ μ‹€ν—˜ 및 검증 44 5. κ²°λ‘  및 ν–₯ν›„ 연ꡬ 47 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 48Maste

    Total Body Replacement with an Expandable Cage after en Bloc Lumbar Spondylectomy

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    Complete vertebral tumor resection is important in order to prevent local recurrence. Among the available techniques for total spondylectomy, the total en bloc spondylectomy has been accepted as the most sophisticated one. After a total en bloc spondylectomy, anterior and posterior column reconstruction is mandatory in order to achieve stability. We experienced the usefulness of an expandable cage for anterior column reconstruction especially in this surgery. The chance of cutting the nerve root and damaging the spinal cord is minimized because the size of the expandable cage is initially small enough to be inserted into the anterior column. The technical details of total vertebral body replacement with an expandable cage after an en bloc lumbar spondylectomy are described herein.ope

    Characteristics and pathway of the somatosensory evoked field potentials in the rat

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    μ˜ν•™κ³Ό/박사[ν•œκΈ€] μ²΄κ°κ°ν”Όμ§ˆ μœ λ°œμ „μœ„(somatosensory evoked potential ; SSEP)λŠ” 쀑좔신경계와 λ§μ΄ˆμ‹ κ²½κ³„μ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯을 μΈ‘μ • κ°μ‹œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ λ™λ¬Όμ‹€ν—˜κ³Ό μž„μƒμ‹€ν—˜μ— μ μš©λœλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ SSEP μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 이λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 기둝방법과 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ νŒŒν˜•μ„ 보고해 μ™”λ‹€. μ „κΈ°μžκ·Ήμ„ μ‹œν–‰ν•œ ν›„ λΉ„μΉ¨μŠ΅μ μΈ 두피전극(scalp electrodes)으둜 κΈ°λ‘ν•œ μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€μ˜ μ²΄κ°κ°μœ λ°œμ „μœ„μ˜ 츑정은 두 전극에 λŒ€ν•œ μ „μœ„μ˜ λ°©ν–₯(vector)의 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό νŒŒν˜•μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Έ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ, 주둜 λ‡Œκ°„μ—μ„œ μœ λž˜ν•˜λŠ” μ „μœ„λ“€μ„ κΈ°λ‘ν•˜λŠ” far-field potentialκ³Ό μ‹œμƒν”Όμ§ˆκ°„ 경둜(thalamocortical pathway)μ—μ„œ 기인된 near-fied potential둜 λ‚˜λˆŒ 수 μžˆλŠ”λ°, μ „μžλŠ” κΈ°λ‘μ „κ·Ήμ˜ μœ„μΉ˜μ˜ 변동에 따라 진폭, νŒŒν˜•, μž λ³΅κΈ°μ— 변화없이 μΌμ •ν•˜κ²Œ κ΄€μ°°λ˜λŠ” νŠΉμ§•μ΄ μžˆμœΌλ‚˜, ν›„μžμ˜ 경우 μ‹ κ²½μ „λ‹¬κ²½λ‘œμƒ μ‹œμƒμ„ κ±°μΉ˜λ©΄μ„œ λ°©ν–₯이 μ‚°λ§Œν•΄μ§€κ³  λ³΅μž‘ν•΄μ§μœΌλ‘œ 인해 파의 변이가 심해 μΌμ •ν•œ μ§€ν‘œλ‘œ 삼기에 λΆ€μ λ‹Ήν•˜μ˜€μ—ˆλ‹€. 또 침슡적인 기쑴의 μ—°κ΅¬λ“€μ—μ„œλ„ 보쑰전극을 μ—°κ΅¬κ°œλ‚˜ 전두골 λ“± 기둝전극과 동떨어진 곳에 μœ„μΉ˜μ‹œν‚΄μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 주둜 λ‡Œκ°„ μ „μœ„(brain-stem potential)에 λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ가 쀑심이 λ˜μ–΄ κ·Έ μƒλΆ€μ˜ μœ λ°œμ „μœ„λ₯Ό 기둝해 λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” λ§ˆλ•…ν•œ 방법이 μ—†μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, λ˜ν•œ SSEP의 기둝에 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μ „κ·Ήμ˜ μ’…λ₯˜λ‚˜, ν™œμ„±μ „κ·Ήκ³Ό λ³΄μ‘°μ „κ·Ήμ˜ μƒλŒ€μ  μœ„μΉ˜λ‚˜ κΉŠμ΄μ— λ”°λΌμ„œ SSEP의 ν˜•νƒœκ°€ λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  수 μžˆλ‹€. 이에 λ”ν•˜μ—¬ 청각 μœ λ°œμ „μœ„ 검사 λ“±μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ²€μ‚¬λ‘œλ„ λ‡Œκ°„ 상뢀 κ²½λ‘œμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ λ‹Ήν•œ 기둝방법이 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 기쑴의 μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ 보닀 일관적인 SSEPλ₯Ό κΈ°λ‘ν•˜λŠ” 방법을 μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄, 흰μ₯μ—μ„œ 침슡적인 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μΌμ •λΆ€μœ„μ˜ ν”Όμ§ˆμžμ²΄μ—μ„œμ˜ 유발μž₯μ „μœ„λ₯Ό μΈ‘μ •ν•˜λ €λŠ” λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ μ œμž‘λœ 전극을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ²΄κ°κ°ν”Όμ§ˆμ˜ SSEFP(somatosensory evoked field potential)λ₯Ό κΈ°λ‘ν–ˆλ‹€. 이 전극은 λŒ€λ‡Œν”Όμ§ˆμ— 1.4mm 직경의 μ›νŒμ„ μ ‘μ΄‰μ‹œμΌœμ„œ λ³΄μ‘°μ „κ·ΉμœΌλ‘œ ν•˜κ³ , 이 μ›νŒμ˜ μ€‘μ‹¬λΆ€μ—μ„œλŠ” 0.2mm의 ꡡ기와 1.5mm 길이의 μ ˆμ—°λœ 심이 λŒμΆœλ˜μ–΄μ„œ λŒ€λ‡Œν”Όμ§ˆμ— μ‚½μž…ν•˜μ—¬ ν™œμ„±μ „κ·ΉμœΌλ‘œ μ“Έ 수 있게 μ œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 이 전극을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬, μ‹€ν—˜ 1μ—μ„œλŠ” μ²΄κ°κ°ν”Όμ§ˆμ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ 쒌골 신경을 μ „κΈ°μžκ·Ήν•˜μ—¬ 유발된 SSEFP의 νŠΉμ„±μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄ λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ₯μ˜ μ²΄κ°κ°ν”Όμ§ˆ μ˜μ—­μ˜ 18개 μœ„μΉ˜μ—μ„œ μ²΄κ°κ°ν”Όμ§ˆ SSEFPλ₯Ό κΈ°λ‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ‹€ν—˜ 2μ—μ„œλŠ” μ²΄κ°κ°ν”Όμ§ˆ, μ‹œμƒ, 그리고 λ°•μ†ν•΅μ—μ„œ SSEFPλ₯Ό λ™μ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ 포착 κΈ°λ‘ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ„œ κ·Έ μ „λ„λ‘œλ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•΄μ„œ ν›„μ£Όμ˜ 체감각 μ „λ„λ‘œμƒμ— μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ λ‹€λ₯Έμ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ ν¬μ°©ν•œ SSEP의 νŒŒν˜•μ˜ νŠΉμ„±μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 결둠적으둜, 븐 μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ SSEFPλ₯Ό κΈ°λ‘ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•œ 전극은 SSEFPλ₯Ό μΌκ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ 포착할 수 있음이 λ°ν˜€μ‘Œλ‹€. μ‹€ν—˜ 1은 μ²΄κ°κ°ν”Όμ§ˆμ—μ„œ 기둝된 SSEFP의 첫 번째파인 μ–‘νŒŒμ™€ κ·Έ νŒŒμ— λ”°λ₯΄λŠ” μŒνŒŒλŠ” μ „μ •(bregma)μ—μ„œ μ™ΈμΈ‘μœΌλ‘œ 2mm, ν›„μΈ‘μœΌλ‘œ 2mmμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 잘 ν¬μ°©λœλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆλ‹€. 그리고 μ‹€ν—˜ 2λŠ” SSEPκ°€ ν›„μ£Όμƒμ˜ 체감각 μ „λ„λ‘œλ₯Ό 따라 μ²΄κ°κ°ν”Όμ§ˆλ‘œ 전도됨을 μ§€μ§€ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 각 λΆ€μœ„μ—μ„œμ˜ 파의 λͺ¨μ–‘, 잠재기, 전도속도λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λƒ„μœΌλ‘œμ¨, μΆ”ν›„ μ²™μˆ˜μ†μƒ λͺ¨ν˜•λΏ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ‡Œμˆ˜λ‘μ¦, λ‡ŒμΆœν˜ˆ, λ‡Œκ²½μƒ‰ λ“±μ˜ λ‡Œκ°„μƒλΆ€ 병변에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ„ 전기생리학적 연ꡬ에 기초자료둜 ν™œμš© ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ£Œλœλ‹€. [영문] Somatosensory evoked potentials(SSEPs) have been used widely both experimentally and clinically to monitor the function of central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Studies of SSEPs have reported the various recording techniques and patterns of SSEP. The previous SSEP studies used scalp recording electrodes, showed mean vector potentials which included relatively constant brainstem potentials (far-field potentials) and unstable thalamocortical pathway potentials (near-field potentials). Even in invasive SSEP recording methods, thalamocortical potentials were variable according to the kinds, depths, and distance of two electrodes. So they were regarded improper method for monitoring of upper level of brainstein. At this study, in order to recording the constant cortical field potentials, a specially designed recording electrode (NE-120, Kopf Instruments) was inserted into the cerebral cortex perpendicular to the cortical surface. The present study investigated 1) the characteristics of SSEFPs of the cerebral cortex that evoked by hindlimb stimulation using ball electrode and 2) the pathway by recording the potentials simultaneously in the cortex, VPL nucleus of thalamus, and nucleus gracilis. In the first experiment, SSEPs mapped from different areas of somatosensory cortex were analyzed. Using this recording technique, the present study could constantly obtain the cortical field potential, and it revealed that the first large positive and following negative waves were largest at the 2mm posterior and 2mm lateral to the bregma in the contralateral somatosensory cortex. And results of second experiment showed that the SSEP potentials were passed by way of posterior column somatosensory pathway and thalamocortical pathway. The characteristic shapes, latencies, and conduction velocities of each potentials are thought to be used the fundamental data of the future study of upper level of brainstem function, including the hydrocephalus model, middle cerebral artery ischemia model and so forth.restrictio

    A Study on the electrochemical corrosion of dental base metal alloys in the various electrolytes

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(박사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μΉ˜μ˜ν•™κ³Ό μΉ˜κ³Όμƒμ²΄μž¬λ£Œν•™μ „κ³΅,1997.Docto

    Modified techniques to prevent sagittal imbalance after cervical arthroplasty

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    STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study of radiographic outcomes in patients undergoing single level cervical arthroplasty with the Bryan cervical disc (Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Memphis, TN). OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine whether modification of disc insertion angle and insertion depth are effective in preventing segmental or whole cervical kyphosis after arthroplasty. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Preservation of segmental motion and aggravation of kyphosis are known challenges after arthroplasty. However, there are currently no proven preventative factors for kyphosis. Change in disc insertion angle was only reported effective for avoiding endplate kyphosis. Additionally, it was difficult to predict the effect of insertion angle on overall sagittal alignment. There have been no studies regarding the correlation between insertion depth and sagittal alignment. METHODS: A total of 41 patients with single-level arthroplasty were evaluated. Radiologic assessment using neutral cervical radiographs at the long-term was performed. Linear regression analysis between insertion angle, insertion depth, postoperative sagittal alignment, functional spinal unit angle, and shell angle were performed. RESULTS: Disc insertion angle and insertion depth demonstrated significant negative correlation with the postoperative shell angle. Lordotic insertion angle and an anteriorly located disc led to lordosis in the shell angle. Overall sagittal alignment showed a tendency to correlate with insertion angle. By the result of effect of insertion angle ranging from 3.5 degrees to 7.5 degrees on the sagittal alignment and shell angle, we can hypothesize paradoxical biomechanical stress on the other segments. CONCLUSION: Arthroplasty using the Bryan disc provided a favorable clinical and radiologic outcome thus far; however, we should not underestimate emergent adverse outcomes. To prevent postoperative sagittal imbalance after cervical arthroplasty, intentional modification in disc insertion angle and depth would be helpful. Unexpected compensatory biomechanical loads should be elucidated in future studies.ope

    Outcome of craniopharyngioma treatment

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    μ˜ν•™κ³Ό/석사[ν•œκΈ€] λ‘κ°œμΈλ‘μ’… ν™˜μžμ—μ„œ μ˜ˆν›„μ— κ΄€κ³„λ˜λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ μΈμžλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄, μΉ˜λ£Œν›„ κΈ°λŠ₯νšŒλ³΅μˆ˜μ€€μ— λ”°λ₯Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 비ꡐ, λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬ ν–₯ν›„ λ‘κ°œμΈλ‘μ’… ν™˜μžμ— λŒ€ν•œ 포괄적인 μΉ˜λ£Œκ³„νš μˆ˜λ¦½μ— 도움을 주고자, 1980λ…„ 1μ›”λΆ€ν„° 1994λ…„ 6μ›”κΉŒμ§€ μ—°μ„Έμ˜λ£Œμ› 신경외과에 λ‚΄μ›ν•˜μ—¬ 수술적 치료λ₯Ό λ°›κ³  λ‘κ°œμΈλ‘μ’…μœΌλ‘œ ν™•μΈλ˜μ—ˆλ˜ ν™˜μž 76λ‘€λ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μž„μƒμ  고찰을 μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ—¬ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ–»μ—ˆλ‹€. 1, 총 76λͺ…μ˜ ν™˜μž 쀑 λ‚¨μžκ°€ 37λ‘€, μ—¬μžκ°€ 39λ‘€λ‘œ μ„±λ³„μ˜ μ°¨μ΄λŠ” μ—†μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, 15μ„Έμ΄μ „μ˜ ν™˜μžκ°€ 36λ‘€λ‘œ μ „μ²΄μ˜ 47%λ₯Ό μ°¨μ§€ν•˜μ—¬ μ†Œμ•„μ™€ μ„±μΈκ°„μ˜ λΉˆλ„ μ°¨μ΄λŠ” μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. 2, λ‚΄μ›λ‹Ήμ‹œ μ£Όμ€‘μƒμ˜¨ 두톡과 μ‹œλ ₯κ°μ†Œκ°€ κ°€μž₯ λ§Žμ•˜κ³ , 주둜 μ†Œμ•„μ—μ„œλŠ” 발윑 뢀진을. μ„±μΈμ—μ„œλŠ” μ„±μž₯호λ₯΄λͺ¬μ„ μ œμ™Έν•œ λ‡Œν•˜μˆ˜μ²΄ν˜Έλ₯΄λͺ¬ 뢄비이상과 μ‹œμ‹ κ²½ μž₯μ• λ₯Ό ν˜Έμ†Œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€ (p<0,05). 3. λ°©μ‚¬μ„ ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ 쒅양은 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ κ³ ν˜•μ„±κ³Ό 낭포성이 μ„žμΈ ν˜•νƒœμ˜€μœΌλ©°(73.7%), 43λ‘€(56.6%)μ—μ„œ μ„νšŒν™”λ₯Ό λ™λ°˜ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 4. 76λ‘€μ˜ ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ 총 95회의 수술이 μ‹œν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°, 1μ°¨ μˆ˜μˆ μ‹œ μ™„μ „μ μΆœμ΄ 12λ‘€(15.87%), λΆ€λΆ„μ μΆœμ΄ 64래(84.2%)μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 수술적 접근방법은 fronta1/temporal, transcallosal, transcortical, transaphenoidal approach 등을 μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° 82.9%μ—μ„œ frontal/temp oral approachν‹€ μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 5, μˆ˜μˆ ν›„ 47λ‘€(61.8%)μ—μ„œ 6 - 8주간에 걸쳐 총 4500 - 6000 radsλ«Ό 방사선 치료λ₯Ό μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 5λͺ…μ˜ 낭포성 μ’…μ–‘ ν™˜μžμ—μ„œλŠ” 낭포내에 bleomycin을 μ£Όμž…ν•˜λŠ” ν™”ν•™μš”λ²•μ„ μ‹œλ„ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜, λ§Œμ‘±ν• λ§Œν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 얻은 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. 6, μΉ˜λ£Œν›„ 16λ‘€λŠ” 좔적관찰 쀑 μ‚¬λ§ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜ μƒμ‘΄ν•˜μ—¬ 좔적가λŠ₯ν•œ ν™˜μžλ“€μ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯μ •λ„λŠ” 'excellent'κ°€ 22λ‘€(28.9%), 'good'이 27λ‘€(35.5%),'fair'κ°€ 11λ‘€(14.5%)μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. 7. μΉ˜λ£Œν›„ κΈ°λŠ₯μˆ˜μ€€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 각각 연령별, μˆ˜μˆ μ „ κΈ°λŠ₯λ“±κΈ‰, λ‡Œλ‹¨μΈ΅μ°°μ˜μƒ μˆ˜λ‘μ€‘μœ λ¬΄, μ’…μ–‘μ˜ 크기, μœ„μΉ˜, μ’…μ–‘μ˜ μ μΆœλ²”μœ„μ™€ λ°©μ‚¬μ„ μΉ˜λ£Œ 병행여뢀에 λŒ€λž˜ λΉ„κ΅λΆ„μ„ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό, μˆ˜μˆ μ „ κΈ°λŠ₯등급이 λ‚˜μ μˆ˜λ‘ 치료 ν›„ κΈ°λŠ₯μˆ˜μ€€μ΄ 의미있게 λ–¨μ–΄μ‘ŒμœΌλ©°, μ™„μ „μ μΆœμˆ μ„ μ‹œν–‰ν•œ ν™˜μžκ΅°κ³Ό λΆ€λΆ„μ μΆœμˆ κ³Ό 방사선 치료λ₯Ό λ³‘ν–‰ν•œ ν™˜μžκ΅°λ₯Ό 비ꡐ해보면 κΈ°λŠ₯수술이 쒋은 κ²½μš°λŠ” 두ꡰ이 λΉ„μŠ· ν•˜λ‚˜(60% / 64%) μ™„μ „μ μΆœμˆ μ„ μ‹œν–‰ν–ˆλ˜ 경우 μ‚¬λ§ν•œ μ˜ˆκ°€ 40%둜 더 λ§Žμ•˜κ³ , μƒμ‘΄κΈ°κ°„μ΄λ‚˜ μƒμ‘΄μœ¨λ„ μ™„μ „μ μΆœμˆ λ§Œμ„ μ‹œν–‰ν•œ ν™˜μžμ—μ„œ 더 λ‚˜μœ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ³΄μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜, κ·Έ μ΄μ™Έμ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μΈμžλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” ν†΅κ³„ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. 8. μˆ˜μˆ μ „ν›„ κΈ°λŠ₯μˆ˜μ€€μ„ 비ꡐ해보면 ν˜Έμ „λœ ν™˜μžκ°€ 30λ‘€(37.5%), λ³€ν™”κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆλ˜ ν™˜μžκ°€ 27λ‘€(35,5%), μ•…ν™”λœ κ²½μš°κ°€ 19λ‘€(25%)μ˜€λ‹€. 9, μž¬λ°œμ€ μ²«μˆ˜μˆ ν›„ μ‚¬λ§ν•œ ν™˜μž(7λ‘€)λ₯Ό μ œμ™Έν•œ 69둀쀑 11λ‘€λ‘œ 17.3%μ˜€μœΌλ©° μž¬λ°œκΈ°κ°„μ€ 3κ°œμ›”μ—μ„œ 122κ°œμ›”κΉŒμ§€λ‘œ 평균 34κ°œμ›”μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. 10, μΉ˜λ£Œν›„ ν•©λ³‘μ¦μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 뇨뢕증을 λΉ„λ‘―ν•œ 호λ₯΄λͺ¬ 이상증세가 29λ‘€λ‘œ(38.2%) κ°€μž₯ λ§Žμ•˜κ³  μ‹œμ‹ κ²½ μž₯μ• κ°€ 17λ‘€(22,4%)둜 κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμ΄λ©° 호λ₯΄λͺ¬ μ΄μƒμ¦μ„ΈλŠ” 호λ₯΄λͺ¬νˆ¬μ—¬μš”λ²”μœΌλ‘œ 쒋은 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 얻을 수 μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©°, 7λ‘€(9.25%)λŠ” μˆ˜μˆ ν›„ 3κ°œμ›”μ΄λ‚΄ μ‚¬λ§ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 11, ν•΅μžκΈ°κ³΅λͺ…μ°°μ˜μ„ 진단에 μ΄μš©ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•œ 1990년을 κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ 이전과 이후λ₯Ό 비ꡐ해보면 1990λ…„ μ΄ν›„μ˜ μΉ˜λ£Œκ²°κ³Όκ°€ μ΄μ „μ˜ 결과보닀 μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ μ’‹μ•˜λ‹€. μ΄μƒμ˜ 결과둜 보아 λ‘κ°œμΈλ‘μ’…μ„ μΉ˜λ£Œν•¨μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μˆ˜μˆ μ „ ν•΅μžκΈ°κ³΅λͺ…ν™œμ˜ 등을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ’…μ–‘μ˜ μœ„μΉ˜, 크기, μ£Όμš” ꡬ쑰물과의 관계 등을 λ©΄λ°€νžˆ λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³  κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ©΄ μ™„μ „μ μΆœμˆ μ„ μ‹œν–‰ν•˜λ˜ 치료 ν›„μ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯을 κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬΄λ¦¬ν•œ μ™„μ „μ μΆœλ³΄λ‹€λŠ” λΆ€λΆ„μ μΆœν›„ λ°©μ‚¬μ„ μΉ˜λ£Œλ₯Ό μ‹œν–‰ν•˜κ³  μˆ˜μˆ ν›„ μ μ ˆν•œ 호λ₯΄λͺ¬νˆ¬μ—¬μš”법을 λ³‘ν–‰ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ‚¬λ§μœ¨κ³Ό μ΄ν™˜μœ¨μ„ μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•˜λŠ”λ° 도움을 쀄 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. [영문] Author reviewed clinical data of seventy-six patients with craniopharyngioma treated at the department of neurosurgery, Yonsei medical center between January, 1980, and June, 1994, They consisted of 37 male and 39 female patients and 47 percent of them were under 15 years of age. Headache and visual deficits were the most common symptoms on admission, Surgical . procedure was performed using several approaches; fronto-temporal approach(63 cases:83%), transcallosal approach, transsphenoidal approach, transcortical approach. At the first operation, total resection of the tumor was performed in 12 cases (15,8%) and subtotal resection was performed in 64 patients. Postoperative radiation was given to 47 patients in the dosage between 4500 rads and 6000 rads. Those who underwent subtotal resection with adjuvant radiation showed significant better functional class and survival comparing with those who either underwent total or subtotal surgical resection only(p<0,05). Endocrine (38,2%) and visual deficits (22.4%) were common after surgery. The result of this study indicated that total excision of craniopharyngioma should be performed when feasible, but in cases where total resection was seemed to be unsafe, subtotal removal along with adjuvant radiation may be more effective. The use of modern surgical and radiation equipment and technique along with MRI imaging should yield improved outcome both in terms of lower recurrence and lower morbidity rates.restrictio

    The efficacy of microendoscopic discectomy in reducing iatrogenic muscle injury

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    OBJECT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the invasiveness of microendoscopic discectomy (MED) in comparison with microscopic discectomy (MD) by measuring serum levels of creatine phosphokinase (CPK)-MM and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-5, and by comparing visual analog scale (VAS) scores of postoperative pain. METHODS: This study included a group of 15 patients who underwent surgery using MED and 15 patients who underwent surgery using MD, both for single-level unilateral herniated nucleus pulposus. The CPK-MM and LDH-5 levels were measured at admission and after 1, 3, and 5 days postoperatively. Pain assessment was recorded using scores raging from 0 to 10 on a subjective VAS at admission and at 1, 3, and 5 days postoperatively. RESULTS: The mean CPK-MM levels were lower for the MED group than for the MD group at both 3 (576.1 +/- 286.3 IU/L compared with 968.1 +/- 377.8 IU/L) and 5 days (348.1 +/- 231.0 IU/L compared with 721.7 +/- 463.2) postoperatively (p < 0.05). The mean VAS scores for postoperative back pain were lower in the MED group than in the MD group, both at 1 (3.3 +/- 2.3 compared with 5.8 +/- 1.5) and 5 days (1.9 +/- 1.1 compared with 3.6 +/- 1.1) postoperatively (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The MED procedure is less invasive than MD, and causes less muscle damage and less back painope

    Spontaneous Bursting Collapse of a PMMA Augmented Vertebra: A Rare Complication of Vertebroplasty

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    Previous studies have shown that vertebroplasty using PMMA is a safe and effective treatment for vertebral compression fractures. This case shows that spontaneous bursting fracture can develop even after cement augmentation. In summary, proposed etiologies of this phenomenon are β‘  insufficient interdigitation of bone cement due to high viscosity, β‘‘ inflammation of foreign body reaction, β‘’ interfered bone remodeling, and β‘£ thermal necrosis. New filler materials which have similar mechanical characteristics compared with bone and are not causing inflammation, foreign body reaction, not generating excessive heat are needed for more successful outcome in vertebroplasty.ope

    Surgical management of paraspinal tumors

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    Objective: Paraspinal tumors are uncommon and surgically challenging. We reviewed 26 consecutive cases of paraspinal tumors to evaluate clinical features and surgical approaches. Materials and methods: All patients with paraspinal tumors who underwent surgery at our institute between 1998 and 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. Radiologic examinations and medical records were reviewed and additional follow-up information was obtained by telephone interview. Mean follow-up period was 2.5 years. Results: Incidence of paraspinal tumor was 6.2%(26 cases of 417 spinal tumors reported during the same period). The most frequent pathology was schwannoma(n=15) followed by neurofibroma(n=4). Back pain was the most common presenting symptom. Anatomical characteristics of paraspinal tumors including size and location made it difficult to expose themselves by classic posterior approach. Surgical resection was via anterior cervical or periclavicular(n=6), retroperitoneal(n=6), posterior(n=5), transperitoneal(n=2), lateral extracavitory(n=2), transthoracic(n=1) approaches and two-stage combined operations(n=4). Total removal could be achieved in 23 patients(88%). Tumor recurrence was noted in 3 cases during follow-up. Conclusions:The surgical approach of paraspinal tumors is determined by location, size, neoplastic nature, and spinal canal involvement. Paraspinal tumors can be safely managed by surgery.ope
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