23 research outputs found

    A Validation of Collective Efficacy Instrument within the Context of Group Assignment

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    The purpose of this study was to validate an instrument that measures perceived collective efficacy of students who participated in group assignments. Nine items developed by Lent et al. (2006) were translated into Korean and tested for their reliability and validity. A total of 147 undergraduates who were enrolled in an introductory psychology at a major university in Seoul participated in this study and completed surveys on collective efficacy, self-efficacy, and cooperative learning experience. Data on students group performance were also collected at the end of semester. The results showed that collective efficacy items proved to have a high reliability. Results of EFA and CFA provided evidence of construct validity of this instrument. Finally, results of correlation analyses both at individual and group levels showed evidence of criterion-referenced validity. Discussion regarding the application of this instrument is provided in the conclusion.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์กฐ๋ณ„ ๊ณผ์ œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋‹นํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Lent et al.(2006)์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ธก์ •๋ฌธํ•ญ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œก ๋งฅ๋ฝ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•œ ํ›„ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„ ๋ฐ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณค๋‹ค. ํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ฐœ๋ก  ๊ต์–‘๊ฐ•์ขŒ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์ƒ 147๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ง‘๋‹จํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ์˜ 9๋ฌธํ•ญ์€ ๋†’์€ ๋‚ด์ ํ•ฉ์น˜๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ํƒ์ƒ‰์  ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธํ•ญ์ด .50 ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์š”์ธ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1์š”์ธ ๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ ํ›„ ํ™•์ธ์  ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ ํ•ฉ๋„์ง€์ˆ˜์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์ธํƒ€๋‹น๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ค€๊ฑฐ๊ด€๋ จํƒ€๋‹น๋„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง‘๋‹จํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ํ˜‘๋™ํ•™์Šต, ์กฐ๋ณ„์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ฐ ์กฐ๋ณ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ง‘๋‹จํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋™ํ•™์Šต ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์ •์  ์ƒ๊ด€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ง‘๋‹จํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ์กฐ๋ณ„ ํ˜‘๋™ํ•™์Šต ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๋ฐ ์กฐ๋ณ„์ˆ˜ํ–‰๊ณผ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ •์  ์ƒ๊ด€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์ง‘๋‹จํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๋ณ„ ๊ณผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์ขŒ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ๋ณ„ ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2016ํ•™๋…„๋„ ์ดํ™”์—ฌ์ž๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ต๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„์— ์ง€์›์— ์˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž„

    Implication of Chosun Dynasty's Educational Regulations on South Korea's Character Education

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    2016-09์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์ง„ํฅ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „ํ†ต๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์กฐ์„ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ต์œก ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ทœ์ •๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰๋œ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‹ค์ œ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•™๊ต์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ต์œก ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์กฐ์„ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—๋„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ํ•™๊ต ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ „ํ†ต๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ณต๊ต์œก์—์„œ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ทœ์ •์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ดํ•ด, ๊ณต๊ฐ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ธ์„ฑ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.The Promotion of Character Education Act took effect in 2015 in South Korea. However, there still are many confusions as to what constitutes character education. To address this issue, this study analyzed the educational regulations pertinent to character education from Chosun Dynasty. In this study, we analyzed articles regarding character education from codes of law of Chosun Dynasty. In addition we analyzed school regulations regarding character education focusing on selective schools. We found that both the national policy and school regulations provided clear guidelines for promoting character education at schools during Chosun Dynasty. This implies that even in Chosun Dynasty, schools were responsible for providing proper character to students

    Developmental Features of Text Comprehension Abilities and their Relations to Vocabulary Knowledge and Analogical Reasoning Skill

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    ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ์ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ํ•™์Šต ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋‹ด๊ธด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•™๊ตํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•™์Šต๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ์ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์ถ”๋ก ์  ์ดํ•ด๋กœ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ ๏ผŒ์ด๋“ค ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”๋œ ์ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•™๋…„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์  ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํšก๋‹จ์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋“ค ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ์ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ดํœ˜์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์–ธ์–ด์œ ์ถ”๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ณตํ—Œ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 1ํ•™๋…„์—์„œ 6ํ•™๋…„ ํ•™์ƒ 449๋ช…์ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ์ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์–ดํœ˜์ง€์‹ ์–ธ์–ด์œ ์ถ”๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ACCENT ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์ถ”๋ก ์  ์ดํ•ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ•™๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ์ดํ•ด๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ถ”๋ก ์  ์ดํ•ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ํ•™๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์ถ”๋ก ์  ์ดํ•ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ดํœ˜์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์–ธ์–ด์œ ์ถ”๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ €ํ•™๋…„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์–ดํœ˜์ง€์‹๋งŒ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด๏ผŒ๊ณ ํ•™๋…„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์–ดํœ˜์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์–ธ์–ด์œ ์ถ”๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์  ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ถ”๋ก ์  ์ดํ•ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฐจ ์„ค๋ช…์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ €ํ•™๋…„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์–ดํœ˜์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ•™๋…„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์–ดํœ˜์ง€์‹ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์  ์ดํ•ด๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์–ธ์–ด์œ ์ถ”๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํ•™๋…„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–ธ์–ด์œ ์ถ”๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ ์ฐจ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ์ดํ•ด๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ๊ต์œก์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2003๋…„ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ•™์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ์Œ

    The Effects of Mindsets on Academic Self-Efficacy of High School Students Mediated by Grit : Multi-Group Analysis According to Whether the Students Gave Up on Mathematics or Not

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    ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์ œ1 ์ €์ž์˜ ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ • ๋ฐ ๋ณด์™„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž„.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋งˆ์ธ๋“œ์…‹์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ชจํ˜•์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 1, 2ํ•™๋…„ 458๋ช…์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด 458๋ช…์˜ ๋ถ„์„๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ์€ 312๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ์€ 146๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Bootstrapping ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋น„ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชจํ˜• ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์ง‘๋‹จ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋งˆ์ธ๋“œ์…‹์ด ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ง์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋‹ค์ง‘๋‹จ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฟ์ด ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋น„ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฟ์ด ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๋กœ์˜ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•™์—…์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ˆ˜ํ•™ํ•™์Šต์—์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์Šต๊ด€ ๋ฐ ์งยท๊ฐ„์ ‘์  ์„ฑ๊ณต๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•จ์„ ์ง€์ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋น„ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„œ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ •์  ๊ด€๋ จ์„ ๋งบ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋งˆ์ธ๋“œ์…‹์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฟ์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Šนํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์  ๋ฐ ์ •์„œ์  ์ง€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.This study aimed to identify the effects of high school students growth mindset on academic self-efficacy mediated by grit and test model differences by whether students have given up on mathematics or not. For this purpose, SEM analysis and bootstrapping was performed using data from 458 students of general high school. And multi-group analysis was conducted to examine the difference in the relationship of growth mindset, grit, and academic self-efficacy depending on whether students gave up on mathematics or not. The main results were as follows. First, significant difference was found between two groups in the path from grit to academic self-efficacy. The path coefficient of grit to academic self-efficacy was lower in the group who gave up on mathematics than in those who did not. Based on these results, this study suggests that students who gave up on mathematics should have a habit of succeeding in mathematics learning and experience of direct and indirect success in order to improve academic self-efficacy. Second, in the group who did not give up on mathematics all variables were related to each other significantly, but growth mindset of the group who gave up on mathematics did not have a significant effect on grit. Hence, this study emphasizes that it is required to provide such students with behavioral and emotional support that allows them to cope with failure positively

    Effects of Strategy to Help Repeated Memory Retrieval on Students Memory and Metacognitive Judgments: Moderating Effects of Academic Achievement Level

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ง‘ ํ™œ์šฉ ํ•™์Šต ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ์ธ์ถœ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ง‘์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ •๋‹ต์ง€์— ์ •๋‹ต์„ ์ ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฑ„์ ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ง‘์— ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ, ๋ณต์Šต ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ธ์ถœ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ง‘ ํ’€์ด ๊ณผ์ •๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต๊ณผ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ธ์ง€์  ํŒ๋‹จ์— ๋” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋‚จ๋„์™€ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋„์— ์†Œ์žฌํ•œ 2๊ฐœ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 5ํ•™๋…„๊ณผ 2๊ฐœ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต 1ํ•™๋…„ ์ด 12๊ฐœ ํ•™๊ธ‰ 308๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์™€ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์ธ์ถœ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ง‘ ํ’€์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ ์ธ์ถœ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ง‘ ํ’€์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ง‘ ํ’€์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ™•์ธ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์ธ์ถœ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ง‘ ํ’€์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋‹จ์ผ ์ธ์ถœ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ง‘ ํ’€์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ธ์ง€์  ํŒ๋‹จ ์ •ํ™•๋„์— ๋” ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ง‘ ํ’€์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ธ์ง€์  ํŒ๋‹จ ์ •ํ™•๋„์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ ์ˆ˜์ค€๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ (ํ•˜) ์„ฑ์ทจ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ธ์ง€์  ํŒ๋‹จ ์‹œ์ ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ง‘ ํ’€์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ธ์ง€์  ํŒ๋‹จ ์ •ํ™•๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ์ธ์ถœ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ง‘ ํ’€์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ํ•™์Šตํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค.The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of workbook using strategy that let students to mark answers on answer sheet and to make correction on workbook first, then encourage students to retrieve by these correction at workbook on students memory and metacognitive judgment rather than a typical workbook using strategy in learning. Data was collected from 308 elementary and middle school and it generally supported our hypotheses. As a result, first, the new workbook using strategy that we proposed were led studentssolid memory than the previous strategy. Students who used the new proposed strategy reported significantly higher memory in both elementary and middle school. Second, however, the effects of new proposed strategy were not differentiated by studentsachievement level. Third, in terms of metacognitive judgement, the new proposed strategy led significantly higher accuracy in elementary schol while it was not in middle school. Especially, students with low achievement in elementary school showed a significant benefit from the interactive effects between a time for metacognitive judgement and a workbook using strategy on their metacognitive accuracy. To summarize, the new proposed workbook strategy which encourages repeated retrieval may facilitate studentsacademic performance than previous strategy which encourage students to retrieve only once

    Studies on the roles of extracellular vesicles from biological fluids as a intercellular communicasome on immune response

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    DoctorRespiratory and gastrointestinal track as the outside of our body anatomically, are always exposed to environmental pathogen or non-pathogenic foreign antigens. Therefore, immune mechanisms of these organs are well established depending on their functions, compared with other organs existing inside the body. These tracks have specific physical barrier as known as mucus which secreted goblet cells to protect against foreign pathogen and epithelial layer, various kinds of immune cells exist for innate or adaptive immune response. Immune response has to be controlled in a very delicate manner to prevent the onset of inflammatory response wrongly. Because different immune cells elicits different functions, communication between the immune cells are important in order to rightly orchestrate the immune response. In this context, soluble proteins, small chemical, and direct interaction between cells are the known means of intercellular communication. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are 50-200nm sized spherical particles composed of lipid bilayer, which contain proteins, DNA and RNA. Recent evidences indicate that EVs are intercellular communicasome between the cells to transfer insoluble molecules or ligand. It is reported that various types of immune cells such as dendritic cell, mast cell and B cell secret EVs and presence of EVs was observed in several kinds of biological fluid. However, the functions of EVs are not clear. In this present study, we show that EVs from BAL fluid of mice intranasally administrated with LPS induce Th1 and Th17 immune response to inert antigen and EVs from small intestinal lamina propria of orally administrated antigens reduce Th2 immune response in the antigen specific manner. These findings indicate that EVs, which exist on the biological fluids are not passively secreted particles and that EVs are highly insoluble molecular intercellular communicasomes that transfer the intercellular signals depending on the status of environmen

    The Effect of Self Theories of Popularity on Relational Difficulties of Elementary School Students: Focusing on Self-Esteem as a Mediator

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฆ์ง„์‹ ๋…๊ณผ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์ •์‹ ๋… ์ด ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™ ์ƒ์˜ ์ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹ ๋…(์ฆ์ง„์‹ ๋…, ๊ณ ์ •์‹ ๋…), ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์–ด๋ ค์›€ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜์œผ ๋ฉฐ ์ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹ ๋…์ด ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ถ„ ์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ์ง„์‹ ๋…์€ ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€ ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋ ค์›€๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ •์‹ ๋…์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์–ด๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ •์‹ ๋…๊ณผ ์ฆ์ง„์‹ ๋…์ด ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ •์‹ ๋…์€ ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ , ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„ ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ์ง„์‹ ๋…์€ ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์„ ๋†’์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋†’์•„์ง„ ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€ ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์€ ์ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹ ๋…๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋งค๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹ ๋…์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ๊ธฐ์— ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ธ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹ ๋…์„ ๊ณ ์ทจํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. This study investigated the notion of self theories of popularity. This research explored the relationships among the self theories of popularity, self-esteem, and relational difficulties. A path analysis was conducted to analyze the causal effects of the self theories of popularity on relational difficulties that were mediated by self-esteem. The results showed a positive correlation between entity belief and relational difficulties. The results also revealed a positive correlation between incremental belief and self-esteem while a negative correlation was found between entity belief and self-esteem. The self theories of popularity had a significant effect on self-esteem, which in turn had a significant effect on relational difficulties. The entity belief had a negative effect on self-esteem, while the incremental belief had a positive effect on self-esteem. Self-esteem had a negative effect on relational difficulties. Findings suggest that self-esteem mediates the relationship between the theories of popularity and relational difficulties. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed in the discussion section

    Effect of Mental Model Based Instruction on Student's Conceptual Changes in Circular Motion

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ •์‹ ๋ชจํ˜•์ด๋ก ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์›์šด๋™ ๊ฐœ๋…ํ–ฅ์ƒ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ฐœ๋… ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •์‹ ๋ชจํ˜•์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์  ์ˆ˜์—…๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ก ์  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ „์ œ์™€ ์ธ์‹์ ๋ก  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ „์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์ ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ๋‹ค. ์ •์‹ ๋ชจํ˜•์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ 109๋ช…์„ ์ •์‹ ๋ชจํ˜• ์ˆ˜์—… ์ฒ˜์น˜ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹คํ—˜์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ํ†ต์ œ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํ›„ ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„์˜ ์›์šด๋™ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ์ •์‹ ๋ชจํ˜• ํ˜•์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ •์‹ ๋ชจํ˜•์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ฒ˜์น˜๋ฐ›์€ ์‹คํ—˜์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ†ต์ œ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณด๋‹ค ์›์šด๋™๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ฐœ๋…๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ •์‹ ๋ชจํ˜• ์ˆ˜์—…์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ธ์ง€์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ฐœ๋…๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์—…์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ฐœ๋…๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ํ•™์Šต๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ํ•™์—…์„ฑ์ทจ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •์‹ ๋ชจํ˜• ์ˆ˜์—…๋ชจํ˜•์ด ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ฐœ๋…๋ณ€ํ™”์— ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. The purpose of this research was to verify the effect of Mental Model based instruction on the student's conceptual changes in circular motion. The Mental Model based instruction was specifically designed to change the student's ontological presupposition and epistemological presupposition. One hundred and nine high school students were randomly assigned to either the treatment group or control group. In the treatment group, the Mental Model based instruction was given. For the control group, traditional lecture type instruction was given. The concepts of circular motion in physics were covered in both instructions. Pretests and Posttests on the concept of circular motion were administered to both groups. In addition, data on the students' cognitive abilities and achievement were collected. The results showed that the students in Mental Model based instruction had more scientific conceptual changes than the ones in the traditional instruction. For the Mental Model based instruction group, the students with most scientific conceptual changes did not differ from the ones without any scientific conceptual changes in terms of their cognitive abilities and achievement. However, for the traditional instruction groups, the students with most scientific conceptual changes showed higher motivation and achievement than the ones without any scientific conceptual changes. The implication of the results were discussed in terms of the application of Mental Model theory in practice

    The Development of Core Competence Indicators of Freshmen in an Institute of Science & Technology

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    The purpose of this study was to develop an indicator of core competency of freshmen of an Institute of Science & Technology (IST). Through the document analysis and the expert survey, core competency indicators that include 5 core competencies and 15 sub-competencies (a total of 48 items) were developed. Then content validity was examined by experts in measurement and statistics and secondary education. Also, by using studentsโ€™ responses, reliability was tested with Cronbachโ€™s alpha and construct validity were tested through confirmatory factor analysis. Results suggest that the core competency indicator is reliable and valid in measuring core competencies of freshmen students in an Institute of Science & Technology. Discussions were provided in terms of improving student admission processes.FALS
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