Detection of cancer cells in various biological samples of stomach cancer patients using RT-PCR amplification of tumor specific mRNAs 암특이 mRNA의 RT-PCR 증폭을 이용한 위암환자의 생물학적 시료에서 암세포의 검출

Thesis (master`s)--서울대학교 대학원 :의학과 생화학전공,2002.Maste

Identifying the Risk Factors Associated with Nursing Home Residents' Pressure Ulcers Using Machine Learning Methods

Background: Machine learning (ML) can keep improving predictions and generating automated knowledge via data-driven predictors or decisions. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare different ML methods including random forest, logistics regression, linear support vector machine (SVM), polynomial SVM, radial SVM, and sigmoid SVM in terms of their accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictor values, and positive predictive values by validating real datasets to predict factors for pressure ulcers (PUs). Methods: We applied representative ML algorithms (random forest, logistic regression, linear SVM, polynomial SVM, radial SVM, and sigmoid SVM) to develop a prediction model (N = 60). Results: The random forest model showed the greatest accuracy (0.814), followed by logistic regression (0.782), polynomial SVM (0.779), radial SVM (0.770), linear SVM (0.767), and sigmoid SVM (0.674). Conclusions: The random forest model showed the greatest accuracy for predicting PUs in nursing homes (NHs). Diverse factors that predict PUs in NHs including NH characteristics and residents' characteristics were identified according to diverse ML methods. These factors should be considered to decrease PUs in NH residents

Comparing the nurse staffing in Korean and US nursing homes

Introduction: The quality of nursing home care has been problematic in both the United States and South Korea; quality is limited to inadequate nurse staffing levels. This article addresses how South Korean nursing home education and training requirements, nurse staffing standards, and actual nurse staffing levels compare with those in the United States. Methods: The study used secondary documents and data to compare the two countries. Results: Korea has lower registered nurse and certified nursing assistant standards and actual staffing levels than the United States. In contrast, staffing standards and actual staffing levels for care workers who provide direct care to residents are higher in Korea than in the United States. Conclusions: Research is needed in Korea to establish an empirical basis for educational requirements, staffing standards, and staffing levels in nursing homes

Investigation of Longitudinal Data Analysis Hierarchical Linear Model and Latent Growth Model Using a Longitudinal Nursing Home Dataset

The appropriate use of the data analysis method in a longitudinal design remains controversial in gerontological nursing research. The objective of the current study is to compare statistical approaches between a hierarchical-linear model (HLM) and a latent-growth model (LGM) in random effects, variance explained, growth trajectory, and model fitness. Secondary analysis of longitudinal data was used. Two variables were chosen to demonstrate the comparison between statistical methods. The HLM was superior in addressing unbalanced data in repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate ANOVA because its nested data structure and random effects could be estimated. The LGM had advantages in modeling growth trajectories and model-fit comparisons. Superior to the HLM, the LGM reported more acceptable data fit, reporting a quadratic model, and successfully differentiated between and within components. The current research provides some evidence for applying appropriate statistical methods when addressing longitudinal datasets in gerontological nursing research

Integrated procurement planning and scheduling under supply and demand uncertainty

In this study, procurement planning to ensure the optimal inputs into the production system is formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP). There are two important issues to maintain sustainable and robust operation. First, possible realizations of supply and demand uncertainties should be incorporated into the decision-making process. At the same time, the planning for ordering raw materials should be integrated with an operational level for deciding a detailed unloading schedule. In the MDP formulation, exogenous information on supply and demand is captured, and one-period cost and inventory transition are computed from the optimal schedule obtained from a scheduling model, expressed by a MILP. We compared the results from the proposed integrated model with those of a reference policy without any rigorous integration with scheduling through benchmark case studies. Furthermore, in order to alleviate the computational challenges, an approximate solution method using linear function approximation and a heuristics-based substitute for the scheduling model are tried. This increases the range of applications at minimum performance loss

압력구배가 거친 표면 위 난류경계층 특성에 미치는 영향

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 기계항공공학부, 2014. 8. 송성진.The present study investigates the effects of streamwise pressure gradients on turbulent boundary layers over smooth and rough surfaces. For smooth surfaces, even with a higher wall shear stress, favorable pressure gradient barely changes friction coefficient due to the increases freestream velocity. Adverse pressure gradient decreases friction coefficient slightly. For smooth surfaces, favorable pressure gradient increases streamwise normal Reynolds stress near the surface because FPG confines high-turbulence vortices to a narrow region near the surface and reduces outward movement of vortices. On the contrary, adverse pressure gradient decreases streamwise normal Reynolds stress near the surface by enhancing the outward movement of near-surface vortices. Under zero pressure gradient, by generating additional coherent unsteady vortices, surface roughness increases mean velocity defect throughout the boundary layer. The surface roughness also increases streamwise normal Reynolds stress and friction coefficient. Combined effects of roughness and pressure gradients have been investigated. For rough surfaces, favorable pressure gradient enhances the roughness effects of increasing mean velocity defect, streamwise normal Reynolds stress, and friction coefficient. Also, favorable pressure gradient increases roughness-induced streamwise turbulent kinetic energy production. The FPG effects are due to 1) near-surface confinement of roughness-generated vortices and 2) strengthened roughness-induced vortices due to an increased velocity gradient. On the contrary, near the surface, adverse pressure gradient reduces the roughness effects on mean velocity defect, streamwise normal Reynolds stress because APG enhances outward convection of roughness-induced vortices and decreases the velocity gradient. Consistently, adverse pressure gradient decreases friction coefficient and streamwise turbulent kinetic energy production in the rough surface boundary layer. The results show that favorable pressure gradient increases the roughness effects while adverse pressure gradient decreases the roughness effects. From the results, mean velocity and friction coefficient estimation methods are proposed. Irrespective of the Reynolds number, pressure gradient, and surface roughness, the ratio of displacement thickness to boundary layer thickness provides appropriate scaling for collapsing the mean velocity profiles in flat plates, axial compressor blade boundary layers, and axial turbine blade boundary layers. A new power law mean velocity estimation method, applicable to smooth and rough flat plate boundary layers with and without pressure gradient, is proposed. The new power law can also accurately estimate mean velocity profiles in axial compressor and turbine blade boundary layers. Finally, a new friction coefficient correlation is proposed for smooth and rough surface turbulent boundary layers with and without pressure gradient. The proposed correlation can also estimate the friction coefficients in smooth axial turbine blades.Abstract Contents List of Figures List of Tables Nomenclature Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 Motivation 1.2 Backgroud 1.3 Research objectives 1.4 Thesis organization Chapter 2. Experimental Method 2.1 Test facility 2.2 Instrumentation 2.3 Test matrix Chapter 3. Pressure Gradient Effects on Smooth Surface Boundary Layers 3.1 Smooth surface boundary layers under zero pressure gradient 3.2 Favorable pressure gradient effects 3.3 Adverse pressure gradient effects 3.4 Conclusions Chapter 4. Pressure Gradient Effects on Rough Surface Boundary Layers 4.1 Roughness effects on zero pressure gradient boundary layers 4.2 Favorable pressure gradient effects 4.3 Adverse pressure gradient effects 4.4 Comparision of favorable and adverse pressure gradient effects 4.5 Comclusions Chapter 5. Mean Velocity Scaling and Power Law Velocity Profile Estimation 5.1 Mean velocity scaling for flat plate boundary layers 5.2 Application of the veloicty scaling to turbomachinery blade boundary layers 5.3 Power law velocity estimation for flat plate boundary layers 5.4 Application of the power law to turbomachinery blade boundary layers 5.5 Conclusions Chapter 6. Friction Coefficient Estimation for Rough Surface Boundary Layers 6.1 Friction coefficient correlation for smooth and rough surface boundary layers under pressure gradients 6.2 Conclusions Chapter 7. Conclusions References Appendix A. Clauser Chart Technique Abstract (in Korean)Docto

Factors Influencing the Dementia-Preventive Behaviors among Middle-Aged Persons with Chronic Diseases in Korea

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of dementia literacy, internal health locus of control, and fear of dementia on dementia-preventive behaviors among middle-aged people with chronic diseases. The participants were middle-aged individuals with chronic diseases who had been taking medications for at least three months, recruited using convenience sampling. A total of 123 participants were recruited between 13 and 31 March 2020, using self-reported questionnaires. Data were then analyzed through independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression using the SPSS/WIN 25.0. The results showed that health condition perceived as healthy and dementia literacy were the leading factors influencing dementia-preventive behaviors. These variables showed a 16% explanatory power for dementia-preventive behaviors. Therefore, when the participants' perceived health condition was healthy and the dementia literacy score was higher, the level of dementia-preventive behaviors was also higher. It is necessary to develop educational programs to increase dementia literacy as a major variable in dementia-preventive behaviors, and further research on its efficacy should be conducted. When providing dementia-preventive education programs to middle-aged people who have been exposed to chronic diseases, it is necessary to consider their level of perceived health condition and dementia literacy

Self-Care Performance of Middle-Aged Stroke Patients in Korea

The incidence rate of middle-aged ischemic stroke patients has been increasing. Because of their high risk of recurrence, it is important for them to adhere to their self-care performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate predictors of self-care performance among middle-aged ischemic stroke patients. A descriptive correlational and cross-sectional survey design was used. About 140 participants who had been diagnosed with ischemic stroke within a year and visited neurological outpatients were investigated. Participants answered self-report questionnaires, the Secondary Stroke Prevention Knowledge Scale, the Health-Related Hardiness Scale, and the Subjective Self-Care Performance Scale. Hardiness, secondary-stroke-prevention knowledge, age, and stroke-diagnosis duration had statistically significant influences on self-care performance; hardiness had the largest effect. This study highlighted hardiness as the major predictor of self-care performance. To improve middle-aged ischemic stroke patients’ self-care performance, nurses need an integrated approach that considers a patient’s age, diagnosis duration, secondary-stroke-prevention knowledge, and, especially, hardiness. © The Author(s) 2017

Nursing Staffing and Quality of Life in Western New York Nursing Homes

location of care; methods; nurses as subjects; nursing home; nursing practice; statistical analysi