12 research outputs found
κ΅μ λ²μ μ§νκ΄ν κΆ νμ¬μ νκ³ λ° κ·Έμ λν λμλ°©μ
κ΅μ λ²μ μ§νκ΄ν κΆμ νμ¬λ ν΄λΉ κ΅κ°μ μν λ΄μμ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ ΈμΌ νλ©°, μ΄λ ν κ΅κ°λ λ€λ₯Έ μ£ΌκΆκ΅κ°μ μν λ΄μμ νκ΅μ λμ μμ΄ μ§νκ΄ν κΆμ νμ¬ν μ μλ€. κ³Όκ±°μ κ΅κ°λ μμ μ μν λ΄μμ νΉλ³ν λ¬Έμ μμ΄ μ§νκ΄ν κΆμ νμ¬νμλ€. νΉν λ²μ§νκΈ°κ΄μ μ¦κ±°μμ§, λ²μΈ μ²΄ν¬ λ± μμ¬ νλμ λλΆλΆ ν΄λΉ κ΅κ°μ μν λ΄μμ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ‘λ€. λ§μ½ λ²μΈμ΄ ν΄μΈλ‘ λμ£Όνκ±°λ ν΄μΈμ μλ μ¦κ±°λ₯Ό μμ§ν΄μΌ ν νμμ±μ΄ μλ κ²½μ°, μ§νκ΄ν κΆμ μν μ νκ³λ₯Ό λ©μ°κΈ° μνμ¬ λ²μ£μΈμΈλ μ λλ κ΅μ νμ¬μ¬λ²κ³΅μ‘° μ λκ° νμ©λμλ€.
κ·Έλ¬λ μ 보ν΅μ κΈ°μ μ λ°λ¬μ μ¬μ΄λ²κ³΅κ°μ κΈ°μ‘΄μ κ΄ν κΆ νμ¬μμΉμ μ μ©νκΈ° μ΄λ ΅κ² λ§λ€κ³ μλ€. νΉν ν΄λΌμ°λ μ»΄ν¨ν
μλΉμ€κ° 보νΈνλλ©΄μ μ€μ λ°μ΄ν°κ° μ μ₯λμ΄ μλ μμΉλ₯Ό μ μ μκ² λλ βμμΉμ μμ€β(loss of location) λ¬Έμ κ° λ°μνκ³ μλ€. λ°λΌμ μμ¬κΈ°κ΄μ΄ ν΄λΌμ°λμ μ μ₯λμ΄ μλ λ°μ΄ν°λ₯Ό μμ§νλ κ²½μ° λΆμ§λΆμκ°μ λ°μ΄ν°κ° μ μ₯λ ν΄μΈ μλ²μ μ μνκ² λ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ μλ€.
μμ¬κΈ°κ΄μ΄ μΌλ°©μ μΌλ‘ ν΄μΈ, νΉν ν΄λΌμ°λμ μ μ₯λ λ°μ΄ν°λ₯Ό μμ§νκ³ μ ν λ, μ΄λ¬ν μμΈ λ°μ΄ν° μμ§μ΄ μ§νκ΄ν κΆ νμ¬μ μν μ νκ³λ₯Ό λ²μ΄λ μ§νκ΄ν κΆμ μμΈμ νμ¬μ ν΄λΉνλμ§κ° λ¬Έμ λ μ μλ€. μμΉμ μΌλ‘ μΌκ΅μ μμ¬κΈ°κ΄μ κ΅μ νμ¬μ¬λ²κ³΅μ‘° μ μ°¨λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ νκ΅μ νμ‘°λ₯Ό μ»μ΄ ν΄μΈμ μ μ₯λ μ¦κ±°λ₯Ό μμ§νμ¬μΌ νμ§λ§, κ΅μ νμ¬μ¬λ²κ³΅μ‘° μ μ°¨κ° λ³΅μ‘νκ³ μ₯μκ°μ΄ μμλλ€λ μ μμ νκ³κ° μλ€.
λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμμλ μμ¬κΈ°κ΄μ μμΈ λ°μ΄ν° μμ§μ λν κ΅μ μ λ
Όμλ₯Ό μ΄ν΄λ³΄κΈ° μν΄ μ λ½νμν μ¬μ΄λ²λ²μ£νμ½μ μ±μ λ°°κ²½κ³Ό μ£Όμ λ΄μ©μ μ΄ν΄λ³΄κ³ μ΅κ·Ό μ΄κ΅κ²½μ λ°μ΄ν° μ κ·Ό λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό ν΄κ²°νκΈ° μν μΆκ°μμ μ μ΄μμ λΆμνμλ€. λν, μ λ½μ°ν©μμ μ μν μ μμ¦κ±° κ·μ μ΄μκ³Ό UN μ°¨μμμ μ λ¬Έκ°κ·Έλ£Ήμ μ€μ¬μΌλ‘ λ
Όμλ μ¬νμ κ²ν νμλ€.
λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμμλ λ―Έκ΅, μκ΅, 벨기μ, μΌλ³Έ, μ°λ¦¬λλΌ λ€μ― κ΅κ°λ₯Ό μ μ νμ¬ κ°κ΅μ κ΄λ ¨ μ
λ²κ³Ό λ²μμ μ€νμ λΆμνμλ€. μμ¬κΈ°κ΄μ μμΈ λ°μ΄ν° μμ§μ λνμ¬ μ£Όμ κ΅κ°λ€μ 곡ν΅μ μΌλ‘ ν΄μΈμ μ μ₯λ λ°μ΄ν°μ λνμ¬ κ΅κ°κ° μ§νκ΄ν κΆμ νμ¬ν μ μλ κ·Όκ±° κ·μ μ λ§λ ¨νμ¬ μ΄λ₯Ό μ
λ²μ μΌλ‘ ν΄κ²°νκ±°λ, λ²μμ μν λ²λ₯ μ ν΄μμ ν΅ν΄ ν΄κ²°νκ³ μλ€.
μ΄μ κ°μ΄ μμΈ λ°μ΄ν° μμ§μ λν κ΅μ λ²μ κ·μ¨μ΄ λΆμ¬ν μν©μμ κ΅κ°λ§λ€ μ
λ²μ μΌλ‘ λλ μ€λ¬΄μ μΌλ‘ μΌλ°©μ μΈ ν΄κ²°λ°©μμ μμ‘΄νκ³ μλλ°, λ²μ μμ μ±μ μ κ³ νκ³ κ°μΈμ μμ μ μΈκΆμ 보μ₯νκΈ° μν΄μλ κΆκ·Ήμ μΌλ‘ μ§νκ΄ν κΆ νμ¬μ λ²μμ κ΄λ ¨λ κ΅μ λ²μ νκ³λ₯Ό λͺ
ννκ² μ€μ νλ κ²μ΄ νμνλ€. μ΄λ¬ν κ΅μ λ²μ ν΄κ²°λ°©μμ λͺ¨μνκΈ° μν μ κ²°κ³Όμ λ‘μ, κ΅μ 기ꡬμ κ΅κ°μ μ€νμ λ°νμΌλ‘ λ
Όμμ λ°©ν₯μ μ¬λ°λ₯΄κ² μ€μ νλ κ²μ΄ μ€μνλ€.
λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμμλ μμΈ λ°μ΄ν° μμ§μ λν κ΅μ μ λ
Όμμ μ£Όμ κ΅κ°μ μ€νμ λΆμνμ¬ μμ¬κΈ°κ΄μ μμΈ λ°μ΄ν° μμ§μ λ°©μμ ν¬κ² μ§μ μμ§λ°©μκ³Ό κ°μ μμ§λ°©μμΌλ‘ μ νννμλ€. μ΄λ¬ν μ ννμ κΈ°λ°νμ¬ μ§νκ΄ν κΆ νμ¬μ λ¬Έμ μ λν κ΅μ μ ν΄κ²°λ°©μμ λͺ¨μν¨μ μμ΄μ κ³ λ €νμ¬μΌ ν μμλ₯Ό μ μν ν, μ°λ¦¬λλΌμ κ΅λ΄ μ
λ²κ³Ό μ€λ¬΄μ μμ΄μ λ°λμ§ν μ μ±
λ°©ν₯μ μ μΈνμλ€.
κ΅κ° κ°μ κ΄κ³μμ λ²λ₯ μλ°μ μνμ±μ μ΅μννκ³ κ°μΈμ κΈ°λ³ΈκΆμ 보μ₯νκΈ° μν΄μλ μ λ²ν μ΄κ΅κ²½μ λ°μ΄ν° μ κ·Όμ λν κ΅μ μ ν΄κ²°λ°©μμ λͺ¨μν νμκ° μλ€. κ΅μ μ ν΄κ²°λ°©μ λ
Όμμ μμ΄μ λ°λμ§ν λ°©ν₯μ μ€μ νκΈ° μν΄μ κ΅μ 기ꡬ λ° κ΅κ°μ λ€μν μ€νμ λΉκ΅λ²μ λΆμμ ν λλ‘ ν μ ννλ₯Ό μλνμλλ°, μ΄λ¬ν μ ννλ₯Ό ν΅ν΄μ μ¬λ¬ κ°μ§ κ³ λ €μμλ₯Ό μΆμΆν΄λ³Ό μ μμλ€. μ°λ¦¬κ° μμΌλ‘ μμΈ λ°μ΄ν° μμ§μ λν μ§νκ΄ν κΆ νμ¬μ λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό κ²ν νκ³ ν΄κ²°λ°©μμ λ
Όμν¨μ μμ΄μλ λ€μμ μ¬νμ κ³ λ €ν νμκ° μλ€. μ¬κΈ°μλ λ°μ΄ν°μ μ μ₯ μμΉ, λ°μ΄ν°μ μ κ·ΌκΆνμ κ°μ§ μμ λμ, μ 보주체 λλ μλΉμ€μ 곡μμ κ΅μ λλ μμΉ, λ°μ΄ν°μ μμ§ λ°©λ², μμ¬λμ λ²μ£μ μ€λμ± λ° κΈ΄κΈμ±, κ°μΈμ λ³΄λ³΄νΈ λ²μ μμ μΆ©λ κ°λ₯μ± λ±μ΄ ν¬ν¨λλ€.
κ΅λ΄μμλ μ€λ¬΄μ μΌλ‘ μμ¬κΈ°κ΄μ΄ μμΈ λ°μ΄ν°λ₯Ό μμ§νλ μ¬λ‘κ° λ°κ²¬λκ³ μμΌλ, νμ¬μμ‘λ² λ± κ΄λ ¨ λ²λ₯ μ μ΄μ κ΄ν λͺ
μμ κ·Όκ±° κ·μ μ΄ λ―ΈλΉν μ€μ μ΄λ€. μμ¬κ³Όμ μμ μ§λν μ κ·ΌκΆνμ μ΄μ©νμ¬ μμ¬κΈ°κ΄μ΄ μμΈ λ°μ΄ν°λ₯Ό μμ§νλ κ²½μ°, μ΄λ₯Ό νμ¬μμ‘λ²μ μμμμμ λ°©λ²μΌλ‘ νμ©λλ€κ³ νλ¨ν λλ²μ νλ‘κ° μ‘΄μ¬νλ, μκ²©μ§ μμμμμ΄λ ν΄μΈ μλΉμ€μ 곡μμ λν λ°μ΄ν° μ 곡μμ²μ λνμ¬λ κ΄λ ¨λ λ²μ κ·Όκ±°κ° μλ€. μμΌλ‘ κ΅μ λ²μ ν λ΄μμ μμΈ λ°μ΄ν° μμ§μ μν μ μν κ΅μ κ³΅μ‘°κ° μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§κΈ° μν΄μλ μ°λ¦¬λλΌλ μ¬μ΄λ²λ²μ£νμ½μ κ°μ
νκ³ , λ―Έκ΅κ³Ό νμ νμ μ 체결ν νμκ° μλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό μν΄μ κ΅λ΄ μ μ°¨λ²μ μ λΉν νμκ° μμΌλ©°, νΉν μκ²©μ§ μμμμ, μ κ·ΌκΆνμ ν΅ν μμΈ λ°μ΄ν° μμ§, μΈκ΅ μλΉμ€μ 곡μμ λν λ°μ΄ν° μ 곡μμ², μΈκ΅ μμ¬κΈ°κ΄μ μμ²μ μν μ°λ¦¬λλΌ κΈ°μ
μ λ°μ΄ν° μ 곡 λ±μ λνμ¬ λ²μ κ·Όκ±°λ₯Ό λ§λ ¨νμ¬μΌ νλ€.
κ²°κ΅, μμ¬κΈ°κ΄μ μμΈ λ°μ΄ν° μμ§ λ¬Έμ λ κ΅μ λ² μ°¨μμμ κ΅κ°λ€μ μ€νμ λ°μν λͺ
νν κΈ°μ€μ€μ μ ν΅ν΄ κ·μ¨λμ΄μΌ νλ€. μ΄λ¬ν κ΅μ λ²μ λ
Έλ ₯μ ν΅ν΄ λ²μ λΆνμ€μ±μ λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό ν΄κ²°νκ³ , μ£ΌκΆ μΉ¨ν΄μ μ°λ €λ₯Ό λΆμμν€λ λμμ λμ§νΈμ¦κ±°μ μμ§κ³Ό μ΄κ΅κ°μ μΈ μ¬μ΄λ²λ²μ£ λμμ μν ν¨κ³Όμ μΈ κ΅μ νλ ₯μ κ°λ₯νκ² ν κ²μ΄λ€.μ 1μ₯ μλ‘ 1
μ 1μ λ¬Έμ μ μ κΈ° 1
μ 2μ μ°κ΅¬μ λͺ©μ κ³Ό λ²μ 7
μ 2μ₯ κ΅μ λ²μ κ΄ν κΆ νμ¬μ κΈ°λ³ΈμμΉκ³Ό νκ³ 10
μ 1μ κ΄ν κΆ νμ¬μ κΈ°λ³ΈμμΉ 10
1. κ΄ν κΆμ κ°λ
κ³Ό μ£ΌκΆκ³Όμ κ΄κ³ 10
2. LotusνΈ μ¬κ±΄ 13
3. νμ¬κ΄ν κΆμ κ΄ν νλ²λ νμ½ μ΄μ 17
μ 2μ κ΅κ°κ΄ν κΆμ μμΈμ νμ¬ 20
1. μμΈκ΄ν κΆμ μμ 20
2. κ΅λ΄λ²μ μμΈμ μ© 22
3. μμΈκ΄ν κΆμ νλ νμ¬ 24
μ 3μ μ§νκ΄ν κΆ νμ¬μ μν μ νκ³ 26
1. μ§νκ΄ν κΆμ μμ 26
2. μ§νκ΄ν κΆ νμ¬μ λ΄μ© 27
3. ν΄μΈμμμ μ§νκ΄ν κΆ νμ¬μ λν κ°κ΅ λ²μμ νλ 27
μ 3μ₯ μ¬μ΄λ²κ³΅κ°μμμ κ΄ν κΆ νμ¬μ κ΄λ ¨ λ¬Έμ 31
μ 1μ μ¬μ΄λ²κ³΅κ°μμμ κ΄ν κΆ νμ¬ 31
1. μ¬μ΄λ²κ³΅κ°μ κ·μ κ°λ₯μ± 32
2. μ¬μ΄λ²κ³΅κ°μμμ μμ§μ£Όμ μ μ© 34
3. μκ²° 46
μ 2μ ν΄λΌμ°λ λ°μ΄ν°μ μ νλ³ νΉμ§ 48
1. ν΄λΌμ°λ μ»΄ν¨ν
μ κ°λ
48
2. ν΄λΌμ°λ λ°μ΄ν°μ νΉμ§ 50
3. ν΄λΌμ°λ μ νλ³ λ²μ ν¨κ³Ό 57
μ 3μ ν΄λΌμ°λ λ°μ΄ν°μ λν μ§νκ΄ν κΆ νμ¬μ λ¬Έμ 63
1. μμΉμ μμ€ λ¬Έμ 63
2. κ΅μ μ¬λ²κ³΅μ‘°μ λμ λΉν¨μ¨μ± 65
μ 4μ₯ μμΈ λ°μ΄ν° μμ§μ λν κ΅μ μ λ
Όμ 68
μ 1μ UN μ°¨μμμμ λ
Όμ 68
1. UN λ²μ£μλ°© λ° νμ¬μ¬λ²μμν(CCPCJ) 68
2. μ¬μ΄λ²λ²μ£ λ²μ λΆ μ λ¬Έκ°κ·Έλ£Ή νμ 70
3. μ¬νμ , μΈλμ λ° λ¬Ένμ λ¬Έμ μ λν UN μ 3μμν 74
μ 2μ μ λ½νμνμ μ¬μ΄λ²λ²μ£νμ½ 77
1. νμ½μ μ±μ λ°°κ²½ 79
2. νμ½μ μ£Όμ λ΄μ© 85
3. μ£Όμ μμ κ³Ό κ΄λ ¨ λ
Όμ 97
4. μ 2μΆκ°μμ μ μ΄μμ μ£Όμ λ΄μ© 110
μ 3μ μ λ½μ°ν©(EU)μ μ μμ¦κ±° κ·μ μ΄μ 122
1. μ ν΅μ μΈ νμ¬μ¬λ²κ³΅μ‘° λ° μνΈ μΉμΈ(mutual recognition) 122
2. EU μ μμ¦κ±° κ·μ μ΄μ 125
3. μ λ½μ μΆλͺ
λ Ήκ³Ό κ°μΈμ λ³΄λ³΄νΈ 131
μ 5μ₯ μμΈ λ°μ΄ν° μμ§μ κ΄ν μ£Όμκ΅μ μ
λ²κ³Ό μ€ν 137
μ 1μ λ―Έκ΅ 138
1. μ£Όμ μ
λ² 138
2. κ΄λ ¨ νλ‘ 153
μ 2μ μκ΅ 183
1. μ£Όμ μ
λ² 183
2. λ―Έκ΅κ³Όμ νμ νμ 체결 187
μ 3μ 벨기μ 190
1. μ£Όμ μ
λ² 190
2. κ΄λ ¨ νλ‘ 193
μ 4μ μΌλ³Έ 201
1. μ£Όμ μ
λ² 201
2. κ΄λ ¨ νλ‘ 202
μ 5μ μ°λ¦¬λλΌ 213
1. μ£Όμ μ
λ² 213
2. κ΄λ ¨ νλ‘ 216
μ 6μ μκ²° 221
μ 6μ₯ μμΈ λ°μ΄ν° μμ§μ λν κ΅μ λ²μ λμλ°©μ λ
Όμμ λ°©ν₯ 226
μ 1μ μμΈ λ°μ΄ν° μμ§μ μ νν 228
1. κΈ°μ‘΄μ μ νν λ°©μ 229
2. μλ‘μ΄ μ νν λ°©μ μ μ 234
3. μκ²° 238
μ 2μ μμΈ λ°μ΄ν° μμ§μ κ΅μ λ²μ μ λ²μ± νλ¨ μ κ³ λ €μ¬ν 241
1. λ°μ΄ν°μ μ μ₯ μμΉ 243
2. λ°μ΄ν°μ μ κ·ΌκΆνμ κ°μ§ μμ λμ 245
3. μ 보주체 λλ μλΉμ€μ 곡μμ κ΅μ λλ μμΉ 246
4. λ°μ΄ν°μ μμ§ λ°©λ² 247
5. μμ¬λμ λ²μ£μ μ€λμ± λ° κΈ΄κΈμ± 248
6. κ°μΈμ λ³΄λ³΄νΈ λ²μ μμ μΆ©λ κ°λ₯μ± 250
μ 3μ κ΅λ΄ μ
λ² λ° μ€λ¬΄μ λν λ²μ μ±
μ μ μΈ 254
1. μμ¬μ€λ¬΄μμμ μμΈ λ°μ΄ν° μμ§μ μ€μ 254
2. λ€μμ‘°μ½ κ°μ
λ° μμμ‘°μ½ μ²΄κ²°μ νμμ± 258
3. κ΅λ΄λ²μ μ λΉλ°©μ 261
μ 7μ₯ κ²°λ‘ 265
μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν 270
Abstract 290λ°
(The) comparison of functional assessment for spinal cord lesion through the SCIMβ ‘(
보건μ μ±
λ°κ΄λ¦¬νκ³Ό/μμ¬[νκΈ]
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μ λͺ©μ μ SCIMβ
‘(Spinal Cord Independence Measureβ
‘)μ MBI(Modified Barthel Index)λ₯Ό λΉκ΅νμ¬ μ²μ μμ νμμ κΈ°λ₯λ³νλ₯Ό λ―Όκ°νκ² λ°μν μ μλ νκ°λꡬλ₯Ό λ°νλμΌλ‘μ¨ ν₯ν μ²μ μμνμμ κΈ°λ₯ λ³νμ μΆμ κ²μ¬ λ° μ¬ν μΉλ£ ν¨κ³Όμ νμ κ³Ό μ¬ν μΉλ£μ μ§νλ‘ μ μ©νκ² νμ©νλλ° μλ€.
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ 2002λ
12μμμλΆν° 2003λ
4μκΉμ§ Aλ³μμ μ
μνμ¬ μ²μ μ¬νμΉλ£λ₯Ό λ°μλ 20λͺ
μ μ²μ μμ νμλ₯Ό λμμΌλ‘ μνλμλ€.
μ°κ΅¬ μ μ°¨λ SCIMβ
‘λ₯Ό λ²μνκ³ SCIMβ
‘μ MBIλ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμ¬ λμ νμμκ² 2μ£Ό κ°κ²©μΌλ‘ νκ°λμμΌλ©°, SCIMβ
‘μ κ²μ¬μκ° μ λ’°λλ₯Ό 보기 μνμ¬ μ²« λ²μ§Έ κ²μ¬μ νλ ¨λ°μ 2λͺ
μ μμ
μΉλ£μ¬κ° SCIMβ
‘λ₯Ό μ΄μ©νμ¬ μλ‘ λ
립μ μΌλ‘ νκ°νμλ€.
μλ£μ λΆμμ μμμ λ λ° μ₯μ μ νκ³Ό μμΈμ λ°λ₯Έ κΈ°μ ν΅κ³λμ μ μνμκ³ , SCIMβ
‘μ κ²μ¬μκ° μ λ’°λλ₯Ό μμ보기 μνμ¬ κ²μ¬μκ° μΌμΉλμ μ°μ°μ μν μΌμΉλ₯Ό 보μ ν Kappa κ³μλ₯Ό ꡬνμλ€. κΈ°λ₯ λ³νμ¨μ μμ보기 μνμ¬ νλͺ©λ³, μ°¨μλ³λ‘ McNemar testλ₯Ό μννμμΌλ©°, λ νκ° λꡬμ μ
Β·ν΄μμ μ μ λΉκ΅λ₯Ό μνμ¬λ μκ΄ λΆμκ³Ό t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum testλ₯Ό μννμλ€. λ κ·Όλ ₯λ³νμ λ°λ₯Έ κΈ°λ₯ λ³νμ μκ΄μ±μ μμ보기 μνμ¬ κ·Όλ ₯ λ³νλκ³Ό λ νκ°λꡬμ λ³νλμ ꡬνμ¬ μκ΄ λΆμμ νμλ€.
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μ κ²°κ³Όλ λ€μκ³Ό κ°λ€.
1. SCIMβ
‘λ λ κ²μ¬μμ νκ° κ²°κ³Ό μ¬μ΄μ λ§€μ° λμ μκ΄κ΄κ³λ₯Ό λ³΄μ¬ κ²μ¬μκ° μ λ’°λκ° λμλ€(r=0.99, p<0.01).
2. κΈ°λ₯ λ³νμ¨ λΉκ΅μμ 곡ν΅νλͺ©μ€ SCIMβ
‘μ λ°©κ΄ κ΄μ½κ·Ό κ΄λ¦¬(p<0.01), μ©λ³ μ²λ¦¬(p<0.05), λͺ©μνκΈ°(p<0.05)μ νλͺ©μμ λ³νκ° MBIμ λΉν΄ μ μνκ² λ§μλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ MBIμμ SCIMβ
‘λ³΄λ€ λ³νκ° λ§μλ νλͺ©μ μμλ€. λν SCIMβ
‘μ λΉκ³΅ν΅ νλͺ©μ€ νΈν‘νκΈ°, μμ°½ λ°©μ§ λ° μΉ¨μ λμνλͺ©, μ€μΈ μ΄λνλͺ©μμ λ³νκ° λ§μ΄ μΆμ λμ΄, SCIMβ
‘κ° μ²μ μμ νμμ μ£Όμν κΈ°λ₯λ³νλ₯Ό μ λ°μνκ³ μμλ€.
3. SCIMβ
‘μ MBIμ μ
Β·ν΄μμ μ μ λΉκ΅μμ λ νκ°λꡬμ μκ΄ κ΄κ³κ° μ μνκ² λνλ μ μ¬μ±μ λνλλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ νΈν‘κ³Ό μμ°½λ°©μ§ λ° μΉ¨μ λμ λ± λΉκ³΅ν΅ νλͺ©μ μν₯μΌλ‘ μμ , λΆμμ μ¬μ§λ§λΉ νμμ μμ΄ μ
μμ SCIMβ
‘μ μκ° MBIλ³΄λ€ μ μνκ² λμλ€(p<0.05).
μ
Β·ν΄μμ μ μ λ³νλ λΉκ΅μμ μμ μ¬μ§λ§λΉκ΅°μ μ μΈνκ³ λΆμμ μ¬μ§λ§λΉκ΅°, μμ νμ§λ§λΉκ΅°, λΆμμ νμ§λ§λΉκ΅°μμ MBIκ° SCIMβ
‘λ³΄λ€ μ μ λ³νκ° ν¬κ² λνλ¬μΌλ ν΅κ³νμ μΌλ‘ μ μν μ°¨μ΄λ μμλ€. μ΄λ MBIμ μ μμ²΄κ³ νΉμ±μ κΈ°λ₯λ³νκ° μμλ λ§μ μ μκ° μ±
μ λκ³ μμμΌλ‘ λ³νλμ΄ λ§μμ§λ κ²μΌλ‘ μΆμ λλ€.
4. κ·Όλ ₯ λ³νμ λ°λ₯Έ νκ°λꡬμ λ³νμμ SCIMβ
‘κ° MBIμ λΉν΄ μ¬μ§λ§λΉκ΅°μμλ μμ§ κ·Όλ ₯κ³Ό μ 체 κ·Όλ ₯ λ³ν(p<0.05)λ₯Ό, λΆμμ μ²μ μμκ΅°μμλ νμ§ κ·Όλ ₯λ³ν(p<0.05)λ₯Ό μ λ°μνκ³ μμμ μ μ μμλ€.
μ΄μμ κ²°κ³Όλ‘ μ²μ μμ νμλ₯Ό μν κΈ°λ₯ νκ° λꡬλ‘μ SCIMβ
‘κ° MBIμ λΉν΄ λ―Όκ°ν κ²μΌλ‘ νκ°λμ΄, ν₯ν μ²μ μμ νμμ κΈ°λ₯ λ³ν λ° μ¬ν μΉλ£ν¨κ³Όμ λν μΆμ κ²μ¬λ‘ μ μ©νκ² νμ©ν μ μμ κ²μΌλ‘ μ¬λ£λλ€.
[μλ¬Έ]
The purpose of the present study was to compare the Spinal Cord Independence Measureβ
‘ (SCIMβ
‘) and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) to determine the evaluation tool that could sensitively reflect functional changes in patients with spinal cord lesion in order to use the tool as an effective index for following these patients for functional changes and determining treatment and rehabilitation outcomes. The present study was conducted with 20 patients who underwent there first time rehabilitation care at A hospital from December 2002 to April 2003.
After the SCIMβ
‘ was translated, the patients were evaluated at a 2-week interval using the SCIMβ
‘ and the MBI. In order to determine the interrater reliability of the SCIMII, two trained occupational therapists evaluated the patients independently from each other in the first assessment.
Statistical analysis was done according to descriptive analysis on the degree of damage and type of dysfunction. Total agreement and Kappa coefficient of agreement were calculated to examine the interratre reliability of the SCIM II. McNemar test was performed in order to examine the relative sensitivity of the test to functional changes according to items and values. Correlation analysis, t-test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test were performed to compare the scores of two tools at the time of admission and discharge. Furthermore, in order to determine correlation of functional changes according to muscle strength changes, the amount of muscle strength change and amount of changes in the two tools were calculated and compared. The following results were obtained from this study.
1. A high correlation was seen in the results of evaluation made by two raters in the SCIMβ
‘, showing high interrater reliability(r=0.99, p<0.01).
2. When functional changes were compared, more changes in the common items including management in bladder sphincter muscle(p<0.01), toileting(p<0.05), and bathing(p<0.05) were seen in the SCIM II compared with the MBI. However, there was no item that showed more change in the MBI compared with the SCIMβ
‘. Furthermore, among the non-common items in the SCIMβ
‘, significant changes were estimated in breathing, prevention of bed sores and bed mobility, and outdoor movement, the SCIMβ
‘ well reflecting major functional changes in patients with spinal cord lesion.
3. When the scores of the SCIMβ
‘ and the MBI were compared at the time of admission and discharge, significant correlation was revealed between the two evaluation tools, thus showing similarity between the two tools. However, the SCIMβ
‘ admission scores were significantly higher than the MBI admission scores in patients with quadriplegia (p<0.05), due to the effects of non-common items such as breathing, prevention of bed sores, and bed mobility.
As to the score changes in admission and discharge, the score changes in the MBI were bigger than those in the SCIMII in the incomplete quadriplegia group, the complete paraplegia group, and the incomplete paraplegia group, except the complete quadriplegia group, but no statistically significant difference was revealed. The reason of the difference may be that more scores are given for the changes in functions in the MBI scoring system.
4. When these tools were compared according to muscle strength change, the SCIMβ
‘ compared with the MBI well reflected upper extremity motor score and the ASIA motor score in patients with complete and incomplete quadriplegia(p<0.05), and lower extremity motor score in patients with incomplete spinal cord lesion(p<0.05).
These results indicated that the SCIMβ
‘ is more sensitive compared with the MBI as a tool for functional evaluation in patients with spinal cord lesion, suggesting that the SCIM II would be used to examine functional changes in patients with spinal cord lesion and to effectively follow-up patients for rehabilitation treatment outcome.ope
Sunlight-driven Monolithic Water Splitting Device Using the Anodized Ni-Fe Catalytic Substrate for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
MasterLarge-scale industrial application of solar-driven water splitting has called for the development of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts that deliver high catalytic ac-tivity and stability. Here we show that an efficient OER catalytic substrate can be devel-oped by roll-to-roll fabrication of electrodeposited Ni-Fe foils, followed by anodization. An amorphous oxyhydroxide layer directly formed on Ni-Fe foils exhibited high catalytic activity towards water oxidation in 1 M KOH solution, which required an overpotential of 0.251 V to reach current density of 10 mA/cm2. The developed catalytic electrode showed the best OER activity among catalysts with film structure. The catalyst also showed pro-longed stability at vigorous gas evolution condition for 36 h. To demonstrate the monolith-ic photo-assisted water splitting device, an amorphous silicon solar cell was fabricated on Ni-Fe catalytic substrate, resulting in lowering OER overpotential under light-illumination. This monolithic device is the first demonstration that the OER catalytic substrates and the solar cells are integrated, and can be easily applied for industrial scale solar-driven water electrolysis