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    κ΅­μ œλ²•μƒ μ§‘ν–‰κ΄€ν• κΆŒ ν–‰μ‚¬μ˜ ν•œκ³„ 및 그에 λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€μ‘λ°©μ•ˆ

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    κ΅­μ œλ²•μƒ μ§‘ν–‰κ΄€ν• κΆŒμ˜ ν–‰μ‚¬λŠ” ν•΄λ‹Ή κ΅­κ°€μ˜ μ˜ν†  λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 이루어져야 ν•˜λ©°, μ–΄λ– ν•œ ꡭ가도 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ£ΌκΆŒκ΅­κ°€μ˜ μ˜ν†  λ‚΄μ—μ„œ νƒ€κ΅­μ˜ λ™μ˜ 없이 μ§‘ν–‰κ΄€ν• κΆŒμ„ 행사할 수 μ—†λ‹€. 과거에 κ΅­κ°€λŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ μ˜ν†  λ‚΄μ—μ„œ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 문제 없이 μ§‘ν–‰κ΄€ν• κΆŒμ„ ν–‰μ‚¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 특히 λ²•μ§‘ν–‰κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ μ¦κ±°μˆ˜μ§‘, 범인 체포 λ“± μˆ˜μ‚¬ ν™œλ™μ€ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ ν•΄λ‹Ή κ΅­κ°€μ˜ μ˜ν†  λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€. λ§Œμ•½ 범인이 ν•΄μ™Έλ‘œ λ„μ£Όν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 해외에 μžˆλŠ” 증거λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  ν•„μš”μ„±μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우, μ§‘ν–‰κ΄€ν• κΆŒμ˜ μ˜ν† μ  ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό λ©”μš°κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 범죄인인도 μ œλ„λ‚˜ κ΅­μ œν˜•μ‚¬μ‚¬λ²•κ³΅μ‘° μ œλ„κ°€ ν™œμš©λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ •λ³΄ν†΅μ‹ κΈ°μˆ μ˜ λ°œλ‹¬μ€ 사이버곡간에 기쑴의 κ΄€ν• κΆŒ 행사원칙을 μ μš©ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ ΅κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 특히 ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ μ»΄ν“¨νŒ… μ„œλΉ„μŠ€κ°€ λ³΄νŽΈν™”λ˜λ©΄μ„œ μ‹€μ œ 데이터가 μ €μž₯λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” μœ„μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ•Œ 수 μ—†κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” β€˜μœ„μΉ˜μ˜ 상싀’(loss of location) λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ°œμƒν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μˆ˜μ‚¬κΈ°κ΄€μ΄ ν΄λΌμš°λ“œμ— μ €μž₯λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” 데이터λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜λŠ” 경우 λΆ€μ§€λΆˆμ‹κ°„μ— 데이터가 μ €μž₯된 ν•΄μ™Έ μ„œλ²„μ— μ ‘μ†ν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆλ‹€. μˆ˜μ‚¬κΈ°κ΄€μ΄ 일방적으둜 ν•΄μ™Έ, 특히 ν΄λΌμš°λ“œμ— μ €μž₯된 데이터λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜κ³ μž ν•  λ•Œ, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ—­μ™Έ 데이터 μˆ˜μ§‘μ΄ μ§‘ν–‰κ΄€ν• κΆŒ ν–‰μ‚¬μ˜ μ˜ν† μ  ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό λ²—μ–΄λ‚œ μ§‘ν–‰κ΄€ν• κΆŒμ˜ 역외적 행사에 ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ”μ§€κ°€ 문제될 수 μžˆλ‹€. μ›μΉ™μ μœΌλ‘œ 일ꡭ의 μˆ˜μ‚¬κΈ°κ΄€μ€ κ΅­μ œν˜•μ‚¬μ‚¬λ²•κ³΅μ‘° 절차λ₯Ό 톡해 νƒ€κ΅­μ˜ ν˜‘μ‘°λ₯Ό μ–»μ–΄ 해외에 μ €μž₯된 증거λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜μ—¬μ•Ό ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, κ΅­μ œν˜•μ‚¬μ‚¬λ²•κ³΅μ‘° μ ˆμ°¨κ°€ λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κ³  μž₯μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ†Œμš”λœλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ ν•œκ³„κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” μˆ˜μ‚¬κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ μ—­μ™Έ 데이터 μˆ˜μ§‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ ꡭ제적 λ…Όμ˜λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μœ λŸ½ν‰μ˜νšŒ μ‚¬μ΄λ²„λ²”μ£„ν˜‘μ•½μ˜ μ„±μ•ˆ λ°°κ²½κ³Ό μ£Όμš” λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³  졜근 초ꡭ경적 데이터 μ ‘κ·Ό 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μΆ”κ°€μ˜μ •μ„œ μ΄ˆμ•ˆμ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•©μ—μ„œ μ œμ•ˆν•œ μ „μžμ¦κ±° κ·œμ • μ΄ˆμ•ˆκ³Ό UN μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ 전문가그룹을 μ€‘μ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ λ…Όμ˜λœ 사항을 κ²€ν† ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” λ―Έκ΅­, 영ꡭ, 벨기에, 일본, μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ λ‹€μ„― κ΅­κ°€λ₯Ό μ„ μ •ν•˜μ—¬ 각ꡭ의 κ΄€λ ¨ μž…λ²•κ³Ό λ²•μ›μ˜ 싀행을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μˆ˜μ‚¬κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ μ—­μ™Έ 데이터 μˆ˜μ§‘μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ μ£Όμš” ꡭ가듀은 κ³΅ν†΅μ μœΌλ‘œ 해외에 μ €μž₯된 데이터에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ κ΅­κ°€κ°€ μ§‘ν–‰κ΄€ν• κΆŒμ„ 행사할 수 μžˆλŠ” κ·Όκ±° κ·œμ •μ„ λ§ˆλ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ 이λ₯Ό μž…λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜, 법원에 μ˜ν•œ 법λ₯ μ˜ 해석을 톡해 ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 이와 같이 μ—­μ™Έ 데이터 μˆ˜μ§‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ΅­μ œλ²•μ  규율이 λΆ€μž¬ν•œ μƒν™©μ—μ„œ κ΅­κ°€λ§ˆλ‹€ μž…λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ λ˜λŠ” μ‹€λ¬΄μ μœΌλ‘œ 일방적인 해결방식에 μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ°, 법적 μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ„ μ œκ³ ν•˜κ³  개인의 μžμœ μ™€ μΈκΆŒμ„ 보μž₯ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” ꢁ극적으둜 μ§‘ν–‰κ΄€ν• κΆŒ ν–‰μ‚¬μ˜ λ²”μœ„μ™€ κ΄€λ ¨λœ κ΅­μ œλ²•μ  ν•œκ³„λ₯Ό λͺ…ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ μ„€μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ΅­μ œλ²•μ  ν•΄κ²°λ°©μ•ˆμ„ λͺ¨μƒ‰ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ„ κ²°κ³Όμ œλ‘œμ„œ, κ΅­μ œκΈ°κ΅¬μ™€ κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 싀행을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ λ…Όμ˜μ˜ λ°©ν–₯을 μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ μ„€μ •ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€. λ³Έ λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œλŠ” μ—­μ™Έ 데이터 μˆ˜μ§‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ ꡭ제적 λ…Όμ˜μ™€ μ£Όμš” κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 싀행을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬ μˆ˜μ‚¬κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ μ—­μ™Έ 데이터 μˆ˜μ§‘μ˜ 방식을 크게 μ§μ ‘μˆ˜μ§‘λ°©μ‹κ³Ό κ°„μ ‘μˆ˜μ§‘λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μœ ν˜•ν™”ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μœ ν˜•ν™”μ— κΈ°λ°˜ν•˜μ—¬ μ§‘ν–‰κ΄€ν• κΆŒ ν–‰μ‚¬μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ ꡭ제적 ν•΄κ²°λ°©μ•ˆμ„ λͺ¨μƒ‰ν•¨μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬μ•Ό ν•  μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•œ ν›„, μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌμ˜ κ΅­λ‚΄ μž…λ²•κ³Ό 싀무에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ λ°”λžŒμ§ν•œ μ •μ±… λ°©ν–₯을 μ œμ–Έν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ΅­κ°€ κ°„μ˜ κ΄€κ³„μ—μ„œ 법λ₯  μœ„λ°˜μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ„±μ„ μ΅œμ†Œν™”ν•˜κ³  개인의 κΈ°λ³ΈκΆŒμ„ 보μž₯ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ λ²•ν•œ 초ꡭ경적 데이터 접근에 λŒ€ν•œ ꡭ제적 ν•΄κ²°λ°©μ•ˆμ„ λͺ¨μƒ‰ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. ꡭ제적 ν•΄κ²°λ°©μ•ˆ λ…Όμ˜μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ λ°”λžŒμ§ν•œ λ°©ν–₯을 μ„€μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ ꡭ제기ꡬ 및 κ΅­κ°€μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‹€ν–‰μ˜ 비ꡐ법적 뢄석을 ν† λŒ€λ‘œ ν•œ μœ ν˜•ν™”λ₯Ό μ‹œλ„ν•˜μ˜€λŠ”λ°, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μœ ν˜•ν™”λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 κ³ λ €μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό μΆ”μΆœν•΄λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ μ—­μ™Έ 데이터 μˆ˜μ§‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ§‘ν–‰κ΄€ν• κΆŒ ν–‰μ‚¬μ˜ 문제λ₯Ό κ²€ν† ν•˜κ³  ν•΄κ²°λ°©μ•ˆμ„ λ…Όμ˜ν•¨μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œλŠ” λ‹€μŒμ˜ 사항을 κ³ λ €ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ μ €μž₯ μœ„μΉ˜, λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ μ ‘κ·ΌκΆŒν•œμ„ 가진 자의 λ™μ˜, 정보주체 λ˜λŠ” μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ œκ³΅μžμ˜ ꡭ적 λ˜λŠ” μœ„μΉ˜, λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ μˆ˜μ§‘ 방법, μˆ˜μ‚¬λŒ€μƒ λ²”μ£„μ˜ μ€‘λŒ€μ„± 및 κΈ΄κΈ‰μ„±, κ°œμΈμ •λ³΄λ³΄ν˜Έ λ²•μ œμ™€μ˜ 좩돌 κ°€λŠ₯μ„± 등이 ν¬ν•¨λœλ‹€. κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œλ„ μ‹€λ¬΄μ μœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜μ‚¬κΈ°κ΄€μ΄ μ—­μ™Έ 데이터λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜λŠ” 사둀가 발견되고 μžˆμœΌλ‚˜, ν˜•μ‚¬μ†Œμ†‘λ²• λ“± κ΄€λ ¨ 법λ₯ μ— 이에 κ΄€ν•œ λͺ…μ‹œμ  κ·Όκ±° κ·œμ •μ΄ λ―ΈλΉ„ν•œ 싀정이닀. μˆ˜μ‚¬κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ§€λ“ν•œ μ ‘κ·ΌκΆŒν•œμ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μˆ˜μ‚¬κΈ°κ΄€μ΄ μ—­μ™Έ 데이터λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜λŠ” 경우, 이λ₯Ό ν˜•μ‚¬μ†Œμ†‘λ²•μƒ μ••μˆ˜μˆ˜μƒ‰μ˜ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ ν—ˆμš©λœλ‹€κ³  νŒλ‹¨ν•œ λŒ€λ²•μ› νŒλ‘€κ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λ‚˜, 원격지 μ••μˆ˜μˆ˜μƒ‰μ΄λ‚˜ ν•΄μ™Έ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ œκ³΅μžμ— λŒ€ν•œ 데이터 μ œκ³΅μš”μ²­μ— λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬λŠ” κ΄€λ ¨λœ 법적 κ·Όκ±°κ°€ μ—†λ‹€. μ•žμœΌλ‘œ κ΅­μ œλ²•μ˜ ν‹€ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μ—­μ™Έ 데이터 μˆ˜μ§‘μ„ μœ„ν•œ μ‹ μ†ν•œ κ΅­μ œκ³΅μ‘°κ°€ 이루어지기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌλ„ μ‚¬μ΄λ²„λ²”μ£„ν˜‘μ•½μ— κ°€μž…ν•˜κ³ , λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό ν–‰μ •ν˜‘μ •μ„ 체결할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œ κ΅­λ‚΄ μ ˆμ°¨λ²•μ„ μ •λΉ„ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ 있으며, 특히 원격지 μ••μˆ˜μˆ˜μƒ‰, μ ‘κ·ΌκΆŒν•œμ„ ν†΅ν•œ μ—­μ™Έ 데이터 μˆ˜μ§‘, μ™Έκ΅­ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ œκ³΅μžμ— λŒ€ν•œ 데이터 μ œκ³΅μš”μ²­, μ™Έκ΅­ μˆ˜μ‚¬κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ μš”μ²­μ— μ˜ν•œ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ κΈ°μ—…μ˜ 데이터 제곡 등에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ 법적 κ·Όκ±°λ₯Ό λ§ˆλ ¨ν•˜μ—¬μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. κ²°κ΅­, μˆ˜μ‚¬κΈ°κ΄€μ˜ μ—­μ™Έ 데이터 μˆ˜μ§‘ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” κ΅­μ œλ²• μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ κ΅­κ°€λ“€μ˜ 싀행을 λ°˜μ˜ν•œ λͺ…ν™•ν•œ 기쀀섀정을 톡해 κ·œμœ¨λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ΅­μ œλ²•μ  λ…Έλ ₯을 톡해 법적 λΆˆν™•μ‹€μ„±μ˜ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κ³ , 주ꢌ μΉ¨ν•΄μ˜ 우렀λ₯Ό λΆˆμ‹μ‹œν‚€λŠ” λ™μ‹œμ— λ””μ§€ν„Έμ¦κ±°μ˜ μˆ˜μ§‘κ³Ό μ΄ˆκ΅­κ°€μ μΈ 사이버범죄 λŒ€μ‘μ„ μœ„ν•œ 효과적인 κ΅­μ œν˜‘λ ₯을 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•  것이닀.제1μž₯ μ„œλ‘  1 제1절 문제의 제기 1 제2절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ κ³Ό λ²”μœ„ 7 제2μž₯ κ΅­μ œλ²•μƒ κ΄€ν• κΆŒ ν–‰μ‚¬μ˜ 기본원칙과 ν•œκ³„ 10 제1절 κ΄€ν• κΆŒ ν–‰μ‚¬μ˜ 기본원칙 10 1. κ΄€ν• κΆŒμ˜ κ°œλ…κ³Ό 주ꢌ과의 관계 10 2. Lotus호 사건 13 3. ν˜•μ‚¬κ΄€ν• κΆŒμ— κ΄€ν•œ ν•˜λ²„λ“œ ν˜‘μ•½ μ΄ˆμ•ˆ 17 제2절 κ΅­κ°€κ΄€ν• κΆŒμ˜ 역외적 행사 20 1. μ—­μ™Έκ΄€ν• κΆŒμ˜ 의의 20 2. κ΅­λ‚΄λ²•μ˜ μ—­μ™Έμ μš© 22 3. μ—­μ™Έκ΄€ν• κΆŒμ˜ ν™•λŒ€ 행사 24 제3절 μ§‘ν–‰κ΄€ν• κΆŒ ν–‰μ‚¬μ˜ μ˜ν† μ  ν•œκ³„ 26 1. μ§‘ν–‰κ΄€ν• κΆŒμ˜ 의의 26 2. μ§‘ν–‰κ΄€ν• κΆŒ ν–‰μ‚¬μ˜ λ‚΄μš© 27 3. ν•΄μ™Έμ—μ„œμ˜ μ§‘ν–‰κ΄€ν• κΆŒ 행사에 λŒ€ν•œ 각ꡭ λ²•μ›μ˜ νƒœλ„ 27 제3μž₯ μ‚¬μ΄λ²„κ³΅κ°„μ—μ„œμ˜ κ΄€ν• κΆŒ 행사와 κ΄€λ ¨ 문제 31 제1절 μ‚¬μ΄λ²„κ³΅κ°„μ—μ„œμ˜ κ΄€ν• κΆŒ 행사 31 1. μ‚¬μ΄λ²„κ³΅κ°„μ˜ 규제 κ°€λŠ₯μ„± 32 2. μ‚¬μ΄λ²„κ³΅κ°„μ—μ„œμ˜ μ†μ§€μ£Όμ˜ 적용 34 3. μ†Œκ²° 46 제2절 ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ 데이터와 μœ ν˜•λ³„ νŠΉμ§• 48 1. ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ μ»΄ν“¨νŒ…μ˜ κ°œλ… 48 2. ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ νŠΉμ§• 50 3. ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ μœ ν˜•λ³„ 법적 효과 57 제3절 ν΄λΌμš°λ“œ 데이터에 λŒ€ν•œ μ§‘ν–‰κ΄€ν• κΆŒ ν–‰μ‚¬μ˜ 문제 63 1. μœ„μΉ˜μ˜ 상싀 문제 63 2. κ΅­μ œμ‚¬λ²•κ³΅μ‘°μ œλ„μ˜ λΉ„νš¨μœ¨μ„± 65 제4μž₯ μ—­μ™Έ 데이터 μˆ˜μ§‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ ꡭ제적 λ…Όμ˜ 68 제1절 UN μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œμ˜ λ…Όμ˜ 68 1. UN λ²”μ£„μ˜ˆλ°© 및 ν˜•μ‚¬μ‚¬λ²•μœ„μ›νšŒ(CCPCJ) 68 2. 사이버범죄 λ²”μ •λΆ€ μ „λ¬Έκ°€κ·Έλ£Ή 회의 70 3. μ‚¬νšŒμ , 인도적 및 문화적 λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•œ UN 제3μœ„μ›νšŒ 74 제2절 μœ λŸ½ν‰μ˜νšŒμ˜ μ‚¬μ΄λ²„λ²”μ£„ν˜‘μ•½ 77 1. ν˜‘μ•½μ˜ μ„±μ•ˆ λ°°κ²½ 79 2. ν˜‘μ•½μ˜ μ£Όμš” λ‚΄μš© 85 3. μ£Όμš” 쟁점과 κ΄€λ ¨ λ…Όμ˜ 97 4. 제2μΆ”κ°€μ˜μ •μ„œ μ΄ˆμ•ˆμ˜ μ£Όμš” λ‚΄μš© 110 제3절 μœ λŸ½μ—°ν•©(EU)의 μ „μžμ¦κ±° κ·œμ • μ΄ˆμ•ˆ 122 1. 전톡적인 ν˜•μ‚¬μ‚¬λ²•κ³΅μ‘° 및 μƒν˜Έ 승인(mutual recognition) 122 2. EU μ „μžμ¦κ±° κ·œμ • μ΄ˆμ•ˆ 125 3. 유럽제좜λͺ…λ Ήκ³Ό κ°œμΈμ •λ³΄λ³΄ν˜Έ 131 제5μž₯ μ—­μ™Έ 데이터 μˆ˜μ§‘μ— κ΄€ν•œ μ£Όμš”κ΅­μ˜ μž…λ²•κ³Ό μ‹€ν–‰ 137 제1절 λ―Έκ΅­ 138 1. μ£Όμš” μž…λ²• 138 2. κ΄€λ ¨ νŒλ‘€ 153 제2절 영ꡭ 183 1. μ£Όμš” μž…λ²• 183 2. 미ꡭ과의 ν–‰μ •ν˜‘μ • 체결 187 제3절 벨기에 190 1. μ£Όμš” μž…λ²• 190 2. κ΄€λ ¨ νŒλ‘€ 193 제4절 일본 201 1. μ£Όμš” μž…λ²• 201 2. κ΄€λ ¨ νŒλ‘€ 202 제5절 μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ 213 1. μ£Όμš” μž…λ²• 213 2. κ΄€λ ¨ νŒλ‘€ 216 제6절 μ†Œκ²° 221 제6μž₯ μ—­μ™Έ 데이터 μˆ˜μ§‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ΅­μ œλ²•μ  λŒ€μ‘λ°©μ•ˆ λ…Όμ˜μ˜ λ°©ν–₯ 226 제1절 μ—­μ™Έ 데이터 μˆ˜μ§‘μ˜ μœ ν˜•ν™” 228 1. 기쑴의 μœ ν˜•ν™” 방식 229 2. μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μœ ν˜•ν™” 방식 μ œμ•ˆ 234 3. μ†Œκ²° 238 제2절 μ—­μ™Έ 데이터 μˆ˜μ§‘μ˜ κ΅­μ œλ²•μ  적법성 νŒλ‹¨ μ‹œ 고렀사항 241 1. λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ μ €μž₯ μœ„μΉ˜ 243 2. λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ μ ‘κ·ΌκΆŒν•œμ„ 가진 자의 λ™μ˜ 245 3. 정보주체 λ˜λŠ” μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ œκ³΅μžμ˜ ꡭ적 λ˜λŠ” μœ„μΉ˜ 246 4. λ°μ΄ν„°μ˜ μˆ˜μ§‘ 방법 247 5. μˆ˜μ‚¬λŒ€μƒ λ²”μ£„μ˜ μ€‘λŒ€μ„± 및 κΈ΄κΈ‰μ„± 248 6. κ°œμΈμ •λ³΄λ³΄ν˜Έ λ²•μ œμ™€μ˜ 좩돌 κ°€λŠ₯μ„± 250 제3절 κ΅­λ‚΄ μž…λ²• 및 싀무에 λŒ€ν•œ 법정책적 μ œμ–Έ 254 1. μˆ˜μ‚¬μ‹€λ¬΄μ—μ„œμ˜ μ—­μ™Έ 데이터 μˆ˜μ§‘μ˜ μ‹€μ œ 254 2. λ‹€μžμ‘°μ•½ κ°€μž… 및 μ–‘μžμ‘°μ•½ 체결의 ν•„μš”μ„± 258 3. κ΅­λ‚΄λ²•μ œ μ •λΉ„λ°©μ•ˆ 261 제7μž₯ κ²°λ‘  265 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ 270 Abstract 290λ°•

    (The) comparison of functional assessment for spinal cord lesion through the SCIMβ…‘(

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    보건정책및관리학과/석사[ν•œκΈ€] λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ SCIMβ…‘(Spinal Cord Independence Measureβ…‘)와 MBI(Modified Barthel Index)λ₯Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ—¬ μ²™μˆ˜ 손상 ν™˜μžμ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ―Όκ°ν•˜κ²Œ λ°˜μ˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 평가도ꡬλ₯Ό λ°ν˜€λƒ„μœΌλ‘œμ¨ ν–₯ν›„ μ²™μˆ˜ μ†μƒν™˜μžμ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯ λ³€ν™”μ˜ 좔적 검사 및 μž¬ν™œ 치료 효과의 νŒμ •κ³Ό μž¬ν™œ 치료의 μ§€ν‘œλ‘œ μœ μš©ν•˜κ²Œ ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 2002λ…„ 12μ›”μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° 2003λ…„ 4μ›”κΉŒμ§€ A병원에 μž…μ›ν•˜μ—¬ 처음 μž¬ν™œμΉ˜λ£Œλ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜λ˜ 20λͺ…μ˜ μ²™μˆ˜ 손상 ν™˜μžλ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‹œν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 연ꡬ μ ˆμ°¨λŠ” SCIMβ…‘λ₯Ό λ²ˆμ•ˆν•˜κ³  SCIM⅑와 MBIλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λŒ€μƒ ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ 2μ£Ό κ°„κ²©μœΌλ‘œ ν‰κ°€λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, SCIMβ…‘μ˜ κ²€μ‚¬μžκ°„ 신뒰도λ₯Ό 보기 μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ 첫 번째 κ²€μ‚¬μ‹œ ν›ˆλ ¨λ°›μ€ 2λͺ…μ˜ μž‘μ—…μΉ˜λ£Œμ‚¬κ°€ SCIMβ…‘λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ„œλ‘œ λ…λ¦½μ μœΌλ‘œ ν‰κ°€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 자료의 뢄석은 손상정도 및 μž₯μ• μœ ν˜•κ³Ό 원인에 λ”°λ₯Έ 기술 ν†΅κ³„λŸ‰μ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€κ³ , SCIMβ…‘μ˜ κ²€μ‚¬μžκ°„ 신뒰도λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ κ²€μ‚¬μžκ°„ μΌμΉ˜λ„μ™€ μš°μ—°μ— μ˜ν•œ 일치λ₯Ό λ³΄μ •ν•œ Kappa κ³„μˆ˜λ₯Ό κ΅¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κΈ°λŠ₯ λ³€ν™”μœ¨μ„ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ ν•­λͺ©λ³„, μ°¨μˆ˜λ³„λ‘œ McNemar testλ₯Ό μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 두 평가 λ„κ΅¬μ˜ μž…Β·ν‡΄μ›μ‹œ 점수 비ꡐλ₯Ό μœ„ν•˜μ—¬λŠ” 상관 뢄석과 t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum testλ₯Ό μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 또 κ·Όλ ₯변화에 λ”°λ₯Έ κΈ°λŠ₯ λ³€ν™”μ˜ 상관성을 μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ κ·Όλ ₯ λ³€ν™”λŸ‰κ³Ό 두 ν‰κ°€λ„κ΅¬μ˜ λ³€ν™”λŸ‰μ„ κ΅¬ν•˜μ—¬ 상관 뢄석을 ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™λ‹€. 1. SCIMβ…‘λŠ” 두 κ²€μ‚¬μžμ˜ 평가 κ²°κ³Ό 사이에 맀우 높은 상관관계λ₯Ό 보여 κ²€μ‚¬μžκ°„ 신뒰도가 λ†’μ•˜λ‹€(r=0.99, p<0.01). 2. κΈ°λŠ₯ λ³€ν™”μœ¨ λΉ„κ΅μ—μ„œ 곡톡항λͺ©μ€‘ SCIMβ…‘μ˜ λ°©κ΄‘ κ΄„μ•½κ·Ό 관리(p<0.01), μš©λ³€ 처리(p<0.05), λͺ©μš•ν•˜κΈ°(p<0.05)의 ν•­λͺ©μ—μ„œ λ³€ν™”κ°€ MBI에 λΉ„ν•΄ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Žμ•˜λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ MBIμ—μ„œ SCIM⅑보닀 λ³€ν™”κ°€ λ§Žμ•˜λ˜ ν•­λͺ©μ€ μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ SCIMβ…‘μ˜ 비곡톡 ν•­λͺ©μ€‘ ν˜Έν‘ν•˜κΈ°, μš•μ°½ 방지 및 침상 λ™μž‘ν•­λͺ©, μ‹€μ™Έ 이동항λͺ©μ—μ„œ λ³€ν™”κ°€ 많이 μΆ”μ •λ˜μ–΄, SCIMβ…‘κ°€ μ²™μˆ˜ 손상 ν™˜μžμ˜ μ£Όμš”ν•œ κΈ°λŠ₯λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό 잘 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 3. SCIM⅑와 MBI의 μž…Β·ν‡΄μ›μ‹œ 점수 λΉ„κ΅μ—μ„œ 두 ν‰κ°€λ„κ΅¬μ˜ 상관 관계가 μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜ μœ μ‚¬μ„±μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 호흑과 μš•μ°½λ°©μ§€ 및 침상 λ™μž‘ λ“± 비곡톡 ν•­λͺ©μ˜ 영ν–₯으둜 μ™„μ „, λΆˆμ™„μ „ μ‚¬μ§€λ§ˆλΉ„ ν™˜μžμ— μžˆμ–΄ μž…μ›μ‹œ SCIMβ…‘μ μˆ˜κ°€ MBI보닀 μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ†’μ•˜λ‹€(p<0.05). μž…Β·ν‡΄μ›μ‹œ 점수 λ³€ν™”λŸ‰ λΉ„κ΅μ—μ„œ μ™„μ „ μ‚¬μ§€λ§ˆλΉ„κ΅°μ„ μ œμ™Έν•˜κ³  λΆˆμ™„μ „ μ‚¬μ§€λ§ˆλΉ„κ΅°, μ™„μ „ ν•˜μ§€λ§ˆλΉ„κ΅°, λΆˆμ™„μ „ ν•˜μ§€λ§ˆλΉ„κ΅°μ—μ„œ MBIκ°€ SCIM⅑보닀 점수 λ³€ν™”κ°€ 크게 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μœΌλ‚˜ ν†΅κ³„ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ˜ν•œ μ°¨μ΄λŠ” μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” MBI의 μ μˆ˜μ²΄κ³„ νŠΉμ„±μƒ κΈ°λŠ₯λ³€ν™”κ°€ μžˆμ„λ•Œ λ§Žμ€ μ μˆ˜κ°€ μ±…μ •λ˜κ³  있음으둜 λ³€ν™”λŸ‰μ΄ λ§Žμ•„μ§€λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μΆ”μ •λœλ‹€. 4. κ·Όλ ₯ 변화에 λ”°λ₯Έ ν‰κ°€λ„κ΅¬μ˜ λ³€ν™”μ—μ„œ SCIMβ…‘κ°€ MBI에 λΉ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μ§€λ§ˆλΉ„κ΅°μ—μ„œλŠ” 상지 κ·Όλ ₯κ³Ό 전체 κ·Όλ ₯ λ³€ν™”(p<0.05)λ₯Ό, λΆˆμ™„μ „ μ²™μˆ˜ μ†μƒκ΅°μ—μ„œλŠ” ν•˜μ§€ κ·Όλ ₯λ³€ν™”(p<0.05)λ₯Ό 잘 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μ΄μƒμ˜ 결과둜 μ²™μˆ˜ 손상 ν™˜μžλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ κΈ°λŠ₯ 평가 λ„κ΅¬λ‘œμ„œ SCIMβ…‘κ°€ MBI에 λΉ„ν•΄ λ―Όκ°ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ ν‰κ°€λ˜μ–΄, ν–₯ν›„ μ²™μˆ˜ 손상 ν™˜μžμ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯ λ³€ν™” 및 μž¬ν™œ μΉ˜λ£Œνš¨κ³Όμ— λŒ€ν•œ 좔적 κ²€μ‚¬λ‘œ μœ μš©ν•˜κ²Œ ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λ£Œλœλ‹€. [영문] The purpose of the present study was to compare the Spinal Cord Independence Measureβ…‘ (SCIMβ…‘) and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) to determine the evaluation tool that could sensitively reflect functional changes in patients with spinal cord lesion in order to use the tool as an effective index for following these patients for functional changes and determining treatment and rehabilitation outcomes. The present study was conducted with 20 patients who underwent there first time rehabilitation care at A hospital from December 2002 to April 2003. After the SCIMβ…‘ was translated, the patients were evaluated at a 2-week interval using the SCIMβ…‘ and the MBI. In order to determine the interrater reliability of the SCIMII, two trained occupational therapists evaluated the patients independently from each other in the first assessment. Statistical analysis was done according to descriptive analysis on the degree of damage and type of dysfunction. Total agreement and Kappa coefficient of agreement were calculated to examine the interratre reliability of the SCIM II. McNemar test was performed in order to examine the relative sensitivity of the test to functional changes according to items and values. Correlation analysis, t-test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test were performed to compare the scores of two tools at the time of admission and discharge. Furthermore, in order to determine correlation of functional changes according to muscle strength changes, the amount of muscle strength change and amount of changes in the two tools were calculated and compared. The following results were obtained from this study. 1. A high correlation was seen in the results of evaluation made by two raters in the SCIMβ…‘, showing high interrater reliability(r=0.99, p<0.01). 2. When functional changes were compared, more changes in the common items including management in bladder sphincter muscle(p<0.01), toileting(p<0.05), and bathing(p<0.05) were seen in the SCIM II compared with the MBI. However, there was no item that showed more change in the MBI compared with the SCIMβ…‘. Furthermore, among the non-common items in the SCIMβ…‘, significant changes were estimated in breathing, prevention of bed sores and bed mobility, and outdoor movement, the SCIMβ…‘ well reflecting major functional changes in patients with spinal cord lesion. 3. When the scores of the SCIMβ…‘ and the MBI were compared at the time of admission and discharge, significant correlation was revealed between the two evaluation tools, thus showing similarity between the two tools. However, the SCIMβ…‘ admission scores were significantly higher than the MBI admission scores in patients with quadriplegia (p<0.05), due to the effects of non-common items such as breathing, prevention of bed sores, and bed mobility. As to the score changes in admission and discharge, the score changes in the MBI were bigger than those in the SCIMII in the incomplete quadriplegia group, the complete paraplegia group, and the incomplete paraplegia group, except the complete quadriplegia group, but no statistically significant difference was revealed. The reason of the difference may be that more scores are given for the changes in functions in the MBI scoring system. 4. When these tools were compared according to muscle strength change, the SCIMβ…‘ compared with the MBI well reflected upper extremity motor score and the ASIA motor score in patients with complete and incomplete quadriplegia(p<0.05), and lower extremity motor score in patients with incomplete spinal cord lesion(p<0.05). These results indicated that the SCIMβ…‘ is more sensitive compared with the MBI as a tool for functional evaluation in patients with spinal cord lesion, suggesting that the SCIM II would be used to examine functional changes in patients with spinal cord lesion and to effectively follow-up patients for rehabilitation treatment outcome.ope

    Sunlight-driven Monolithic Water Splitting Device Using the Anodized Ni-Fe Catalytic Substrate for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

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    MasterLarge-scale industrial application of solar-driven water splitting has called for the development of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts that deliver high catalytic ac-tivity and stability. Here we show that an efficient OER catalytic substrate can be devel-oped by roll-to-roll fabrication of electrodeposited Ni-Fe foils, followed by anodization. An amorphous oxyhydroxide layer directly formed on Ni-Fe foils exhibited high catalytic activity towards water oxidation in 1 M KOH solution, which required an overpotential of 0.251 V to reach current density of 10 mA/cm2. The developed catalytic electrode showed the best OER activity among catalysts with film structure. The catalyst also showed pro-longed stability at vigorous gas evolution condition for 36 h. To demonstrate the monolith-ic photo-assisted water splitting device, an amorphous silicon solar cell was fabricated on Ni-Fe catalytic substrate, resulting in lowering OER overpotential under light-illumination. This monolithic device is the first demonstration that the OER catalytic substrates and the solar cells are integrated, and can be easily applied for industrial scale solar-driven water electrolysis
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