8 research outputs found
A Study on Identification of High-Risk Biomarkers for Herpes Zoster and Varicella-Zoster Virus-associated Diseases
Background: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is associated with herpes zoster, which can manifest atypically as enteric zoster or subclinical reactivation potentially linked to cardiovascular events. Furthermore, age-related immune senescence influences VZV-specific immunity. This thesis aimed at elucidating diagnostic biomarkers for diagnosing enteric zoster, to evaluate subclinical reactivation in cardiovascular patients, and to characterize age-related VZV-specific immunity dynamics in healthy adults. To address these aims, the thesis comprises three integrated studies: 1) A Study on Enteric Zoster, 2) A Study on VZV Reactivation in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), 3) A Study on VZV-specific Immunity in Healthy Adults Depending on Age
Methods: Three studies were performed:
1) A Study on Enteric Zoster: We prospectively enrolled adult patients who visited the emergency department with acute abdominal pain at a community-based university hospital. The patients underwent detailed history reviews, blood tests, and abdominal computed tomography. Salivary VZV DNA PCR was performed. Additionally, to investigate subclinical VZV reactivation under acute gastrointestinal stress, salivary VZV DNA PCR was conducted within 48 h post-abdominal surgery as a control group.
2) A Study on VZV Reactivation in Patients with CAD: A prospective cohort study involving patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) due to suspected CAD evaluated subclinical VZV reactivation via saliva VZV PCR. Salivary VZV DNA PCR was performed immediately prior to coronary angiography, and VZV reactivation rates as well as clinical and laboratory characteristics were compared between percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and non-PCI groups.
3) A Study on VZV-specific Immunity in Healthy Adults Depending on Age: A cross-sectional study of healthy adults aged 40–80 analyzed age-related changes in VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) using interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay, latent viral load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using digital droplet PCR (ddPCR), and antibody responses using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results:
1) A Study on Enteric Zoster: In total, 101 patients with abdominal pain were enrolled. Positive salivary VZV DNA PCR results were found in 5 (5%) patients. Two patients had acute cholecystitis, one had acute appendicitis, one had acute pancreatitis, and the one remaining patient had no identifiable cause. All 19 patients who underwent salivary VZV DNA PCR within 48 h of abdominal surgery had negative results.
2) A total of 107 patients (mean age: 66.5 ± 10.8 years, males: 77 [72%]) with suspected CAD were enrolled. Of these, 72 (67%) underwent PCI, while 35 (33%) did not. Of the patients, 24 (22.4%) had a history of herpes zoster. PCR revealed that samples from three patients (3%, 95% CI: 0.58 – 8.09%), all of whom had undergone PCI, were positive for VZV DNA. Of these, one had unstable angina and two had stable angina. Saliva VZV DNA positivity rates did not differ significantly in those who underwent PCI versus those who did not (p = 0.55).
3) VZV-specific CMI declined significantly from age 40 (r = -0.356, p = 0.001). Latent VZV DNA in PBMCs, quantified using ddPCR, was detectable in 31% of participants and increased significantly from age 50 onward (r = 0.459, p = 0.0002). In ddPCR-positive individuals, VZV-specific CMI tended to be lower, showing a near-significant difference (p = 0.0946). No significant association was found between age and VZV-specific antibody levels across all age groups.
Conclusions: Approximately 5% of patients presenting with acute abdominal pain tested positive for salivary VZV DNA, indicating that enteric zoster may be an underrecognized etiology contributing to both established and unexplained causes of abdominal pain. In patients undergoing coronary angiography for suspected CAD, 3% were positive for salivary VZV DNA, raising the possibility that prior subclinical VZV reactivation may be associated with the development or progression of CAD. Additionally, VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity declined from the age of 40, while latent viral load increased from the age of 50, suggesting an age-related shift in host–virus dynamics. These findings support the potential role of ddPCR-based quantification of latent VZV as a biomarker for subclinical reactivation and herpes zoster risk stratification. Collectively, these results highlight the need for further investigation into whether antiviral therapy guided by salivary VZV PCR can ameliorate abdominal pain, whether subclinical reactivation contributes to cardiovascular disease pathogenesis, and whether ddPCR can be used to identify individuals who may benefit most from targeted herpes zoster vaccination strategies.
Keywords: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV); Enteric zoster; Subclinical reactivation; Salivary VZV DNA PCR; Coronary artery disease; Cell-mediated immunity; Digital droplet PCR|배경 : 수두대상포진바이러스는 수두 감염 후 신경절에 평생 잠복하며, 면역 기능 저하 또는 노화에 의해 재활성화되어 대상포진을 유발한다. 그러나 수두대상포진바이러스의 재활성화는 전형적인 피부 병변 없이도 장신경계, 혈관 내피세포, 말초 혈액 내 면역세포 등 다양한 부위에서 발생할 수 있어 진단이 어렵고 임상적으로 간과되기 쉽다. 이에 본 연구는 비전형적 또는 증상 없는 재활성의 진단적 접근과 임상적 의미를 규명하기 위해, ① 급성 복통 환자에서 타액 수두대상포진바이러스 DNA PCR을 이용해 장 대상포진의 유병률을 평가하고, ② 관상동맥질환 환자에서 증상없는 재활성의 빈도를 조사하며, ③ 건강한 성인을 대상으로 연령에 따른 수두대상포진바이러스 특이 면역 반응과 잠복 바이러스량의 변화를 분석하는 세 가지 개별 연구를 수행하였다.
연구 대상 및 방법 :
• 장 대상포진 연구: 지역 기반 대학병원 응급실을 방문한 급성 복통 성인 환자를 대상으로 병력청취, 혈액검사, 복부 전산화단층촬영을 시행하고, 타액 수두대상포진바이러스 DNA PCR을 수행하였다. 또한, 급성 위장관 스트레스 상황에서의 증상 없는 재활성화를 인하기 위해 복부 수술 후 48시간 이내에 타액 PCR을 추가 시행하였다.
• 관상동맥질환 환자 연구: 관상동맥질환이 의심되어 관상동맥조영술을 시행한 환자를 대상으로 전향적 코호트 연구를 수행하였다. 관상동맥조영술 직전에 타액을 채취하여 수두대상포진바이러스의 증상 없는 재활성화를 PCR 로 평가하였으며, 중재시술 시행 여부에 따라 임상적 및 검사실적 특성을 비교 분석하였다.
• 연령 기반 면역 연구: 40세에서 80세 사이의 건강한 성인을 대상으로 단면 연구를 시행하여, ELISPOT을 이용한 수두대상포진바이러스 특이 세포매개 면역, 디지털 드로플렛 PCR(ddPCR)을 이용한 말초혈액 단핵세포 내 잠복 바이러스량, ELISA를 이용한 특이 항체 반응을 측정하였다.
연구 결과 :
• 장 대상포진 연구: 총 101명의 복통 환자 중 5명(5%)이 타액 수두대상포진바이러스 DNA PCR 양성으로 나타났다. 이들 중 2명은 급성 담낭염, 1명은 충수염, 1명은 췌장염, 1명은 복통의 원인을 찾을 수 없었다. 복부 수술 후 48시간 이내 PCR을 시행한 19명은 모두 음성이었다.
• 관상동맥질환 연구: 평균 연령 66.5세, 남성 72%인 107명의 환자 중 72명(67%)은 경피적 관상동맥 중재술을 받았고, 35명(33%)은 비중재적 치료를 받았다. 대상포진 병력이 있는 환자는 24명(22.4%)이었다. 경피적 관상동맥 중재술을 받은 3명(3%, 95% CI: 0.58–8.09%)에서 수두대상포진바이러스 DNA가 타액에서 검출되었으며, 이 중 1명은 불안정 협심증, 2명은 안정형 협심증이었다. 경피적 관상동맥 중재술 여부에 따른 PCR 양성률 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다 (p = 0.55).
• 연령 기반 면역 연구: 수두대상포진바이러스 특이 세포매개 면역은 연령 증가에 따라 유의하게 감소하였으며(r = –0.356, p = 0.001), 말초혈액단핵세포에서 측정한 잠복 바이러스량은 50세 이후 유의하게 증가하였다(r = 0.459, p = 0.0002). ddPCR로 측정한 수두대상포진바이러스 DNA는 전체의 31%에서 검출되었으며, 이 양성 대상자들에서는 세포매개 면역이 다소 낮은 경향을 보였고, 통계적으로 유의성에 근접하는 차이를 나타냈다(p = 0.0946). 수두대상포진바이러스 특이 IgG는 연령 증가에 따라 전반적인 감소 경향을 보였으나, 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다(r = -0.197, p = 0.131).
결론: 급성 복통 환자의 약 5%에서 타액 수두대상포진바이러스 DNA가 검출되어, 장 대상포진이 기존 및 원인 불명의 복통에 기여할 수 있는 잠재적 원인임을 시사한다. 관상동맥질환으로 관상동맥조영술을 시행한 환자 중 3%에서도 양성이 확인되어, 증상 없는 재활성이 관상동맥질환의 발생 또는 진행과 관련되었을 가능성이 제기된다. 또한, 40세 이후 수두대상포진바이러스 특이 세포면역이 감소하고, 50세 이후 잠복 바이러스량이 증가하는 양상은 연령에 따른 숙주–바이러스 간 상호작용의 변화를 반영한다. 이러한 결과는 타액 PCR 과 혈액ddPCR을 이용한 잠복 바이러스 정량이 증상 없는 재활성 및 대상포진 위험 평가의 바이오마커로 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다. 향후 타액 PCR 기반 항바이러스 치료 개입, ddPCR 기반 대상포진 백신 전략 개발을 위한 추가 연구가 필요하다.Docto
Development of Optimal PCB Technology for Supercomputer to improve Signal integrity of PCB
Development of optimal PCB technologies for supercomputer to improve Signal integrity of PCB
Development of optimal PCB technologies for supercomputer to improve Signal integrity of PCB
Diagnostic performance of real-time polymerase chain reaction assay on blood for invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis
Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of real-time (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on blood samples for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis in patients with suspected invasive mould infection.
Methods
Adult patients with suspected invasive mould infection were prospectively enrolled at a tertiary referral hospital in Seoul, South Korea between 2017 and 2020. Standard tests for diagnosis of invasive mould infection and RT-PCR for Aspergillus, Mucor and Rhizopus using blood samples were performed. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of RT-PCR tests in patients diagnosed with proven and probable invasive aspergillosis or mucormycosis infection, according to the modified definitions of the EORTC/MSG 2019.
Results
A total of 102 patients with suspected invasive mould infection were enrolled. Of these patients, 46 (45%) were classified as having proven (n = 13) or probable (n = 33) invasive aspergillosis, 21 (21%) as proven (n = 17) or probable (n = 4) invasive mucormycosis and 18 (18%) as possible invasive mould infection. The remaining 13 (13%) were classified as not having invasive mould infection. Patients with possible invasive mould infection (n = 18) and coinfection of aspergillosis and mucormycosis (n = 4) were excluded from the final analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of the Aspergillus PCR were 54.3% ([25/46], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.2?67.9%) and 94.1% ([32/34], 95% CI: 80.9?98.4%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the Mucor or Rhizopus PCR were 57.1% ([12/21], 95% CI: 36.6?75.5%) and 76.3% ([45/59], 95% CI: 64.0?85.3), respectively.
Conclusions
Our study suggests that blood PCR can be a useful adjunct test for diagnosing patients with suspected invasive mould infection
