12 research outputs found

    ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์ „์ง€์˜ ์ด‰๋งค์ธต ๋ฏธ์„ธ ๊ธฐ๊ณต ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ด ๋ฐ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ „๋‹ฌ ํ˜„์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    Water management is still an essential element for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Specifically, oxygen diffusion in cathode catalyst layer (CCL) has been a main reaction rate determining factor at high current density region or concentration loss region. To investigate the effect of oxygen diffusion in CCL, microstructure controlled MEAs were fabricated as other electrochemical characterizations, for example, effective catalyst surface area or Pt/C contents are identical. The cell performance is higher for the large pore catalyst layer than for small pore in concentration loss region. To elucidate those experimental results, fuel cell 1D model implemented the exponential correlations between effective diffusion coefficient of oxygen and accumulated water film thickness in the simulated CCLs was suggested as a novel approach in this study. Simulated catalyst layer microstructure consisted with agglomerate particles was generated to examine the experimental results for two MEA samples of which the porosity was 0.454 and 0.644. In addition, effective diffusion coefficients of oxygen were estimated by numerical simulation under water film accumulated situation. Exponential correlations were obtained between effective diffusion coefficient of oxygen and water film thickness in the simulated CCLs. Fuel cell 1D model implemented these correlations was developed. The simulated microstructure was evaluated by using virtual sphere packing method with mercury porosimetry measurement of the fabricated MEA samples. The numerical solutions were validated with three different aspects of single cell experiments: the porosity of CCLs versus oxygen diffusivity according to the water film thickness in CCLs, stoichiometry versus concentration of oxygen dissolved into the water of agglomerate surface and relative humidity versus membrane proton conductivity and oxygen diffusivity. The simulation results show reasonably similar trend with experiments and analytical discussion was followed.Docto

    Prediction of LMMHD flow property and generator effciency

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    Maste

    ํƒ„์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ตฝํž˜์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜๊ณ„ ๋™์  ๊ฑฐ๋™ ํ•ด์„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฐ์—…ยท์กฐ์„ ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2012. 2. ์ตœํ•ญ์ˆœ.์ตœ๊ทผ ํ•ด์–‘ ์„์œ ์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ์ˆ˜์‹ฌ 1,500m ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•ด์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•ด์—ญ์— ์„ค์น˜๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์šฉ ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ, ์œ„์น˜์œ ์ง€์žฅ์น˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์›์œ  ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์ €์žฅ ๋ฐ ์šด์†ก ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ˆ˜์‹ฌ์ด ๊นŠ์–ด์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ด์ƒํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์•…ํ™”๋˜๊ณ , ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•ด์–‘๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‚ญ์˜ ๋น„์†์ƒ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‚ญ์ด ๋Š์–ด์ง„ ํ›„์ธ ์†์ƒ์กฐ๊ฑด, ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‚ญ์ด ๋Š์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ธ ์ฒœ์ด์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ์˜ ๋ถ€์œ ์ฒด ๋ฐ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜๊ณ„ ์—ฐ์„ฑ ๊ฑฐ๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ํ•ด์„์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‚ญ์ด ๋Š์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ฒœ์ด๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‚ญ์ด ๋Š์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์ด ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‚ญ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ•˜์ค‘์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ํด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ„ฐ ๋‚ด์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‚ญ์— ๊ฐ‘์ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด, ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‚ญ๋“ค์€ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฐ›์€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜์ค‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ์žฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ทนํ•œํ•˜์ค‘์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฐ์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‚ญ์„ ํƒ„์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ตฝํž˜์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ ํ˜„์ˆ˜์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‚ญ์€ ์ธ์žฅ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํƒ„์„ฑ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ , ๊ตฝํž™ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‚ญ์˜ ํƒ„์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ตฝํž˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‚ญ์˜ ํƒ„์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ตฝํž˜์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜๊ณ„ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ด์™€ ์—ฐ์„ฑ๋œ ๋ถ€์œ ์ฒด ๊ฑฐ๋™์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‚ญ์ด ๋Š์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ฒœ์ด๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜๊ณ„ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋“ค ์ธ์ž์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜๊ณ„ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์œ ํ•œ์š”์†Œ๋ฒ•์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ณ , ์ตœ์†Œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜๊ณ„ ์šด๋™๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ํƒ„์„ฑ, ๊ตฝํž˜, ๋น„ํ‹€๋ฆผ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผœ 6์ž์œ ๋„ ์šด๋™์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ฐ”ํƒ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ํ•ด์„์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ํ˜„์ˆ˜์„  ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์˜ ํ•ด์„ํ•ด ๋ฐ ์ƒ์šฉ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ํšจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์น˜ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‚ญ์˜ ํƒ„์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ตฝํž˜์€ ๋ถ€์œ ์ฒด ๋ฐ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜๊ณ„ ๊ฑฐ๋™์— ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‚ญ์ด ๋Š์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ๋ถ€์œ ์ฒด ์—ฐ์„ฑ ๊ฑฐ๋™์—์„œ ํƒ„์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ตฝํž˜์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ ํ˜„์ˆ˜์„ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜๊ณ„ ํ•ด์„์€ ์‹ค์šฉ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํƒ„์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ตฝํž˜์„ ํฌํ•จ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ๋ถ€์œ ์ฒด ์—ฐ์„ฑ ๊ฑฐ๋™, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‚ญ์ด ๋Š์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ฒœ์ด๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Recently, the development of offshore oil and gas has shifted to what is termed ultra-deep water exploration at depths that exceed 1500m. Given that such a situation inevitably involves a high level of risk, strong attention to safety must be paid in the design and operation of offshore structures, including mooring systems. Accordingly, the behavior of mooring systems in a line-broken condition as well as in the intact condition should be considered carefully during the design stage of the mooring system for the sake of safe operation. At the moment one mooring line is broken, the transient behavior of a moored floating structure is extremely critical to its safety, as the loads having acted on the broken line shall be transferred to the adjacent mooring lines as an impact. Catenaries are generally adopted for investigating the behavior of a mooring line due to the simplicity. In many cases, however, elastic deformation and bending stiffness of a mooring line cannot be simply neglected. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically investigate the effects of elasticity and bending on a mooring line. In the present study, the behavior of a moored floating structure in a line-broken condition as well as in the intact condition is investigated using a time simulation program based on the finite element method including the elastic and bending effects. In order to verify the program, the numerical results are compared with catenary solutions and with those of a widely used code. From the simulation results, it was found that the effects of elasticity and bending on a mooring line are not significant except the transient case. In other words, the catenary equation can be used practically to predict the behavior of a moored floating structure. Moreover, the behavior of a moored floating structure can be more realistically predicted by considering the elasticity and bending effects.Maste
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