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    ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ๋‚ด์‹œ๊ฒฝ์„ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜๋„๋ก 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ํ˜• ํ›„๋‘๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ˆ˜์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2023. 2. ์ด์ธํ˜•.To model a low-cost three-dimensional (3D) printed veterinary use video laryngoscope (VLVET) with a commercial borescope and evaluate the VLVET in Beagle dogs. The VLVET consisted of a Miller-type laryngoscope and a detachable camera holder that could be attached to various locations along the blade and was printed using a black polylactic acid filament through a 3D printer. Each dog was anesthetized using intravenous medetomidine (15 ฮผg kg-1) and alfaxalone (1.5 mg kg-1) in sternal recumbency. The camera was located 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 cm from the blade tip positioned on the larynx (distanceLARYNX-CAM treatment), and the scores of laryngeal visualization and intubation were evaluated on screen and by the naked eye simultaneously. At 10 cm distanceLARYNX-CAM, laryngeal visualization was scored at 10, 8, 6, 4 and 2 cm distances between upper and lower incisors (distanceINTER-INCISOR treatment). The scores were analyzed using a Kruskalโ€“Wallis test. Six Beagles (11.6 ยฑ 1.1 kg and 3.0 ยฑ 1.0 years) were enrolled in this test, and their maximum inter-incisor distance and the length of the oral cavity were 10.2 ยฑ 0.5 and 12.1 ยฑ 0.7 cm, respectively. The distanceLARYNX-CAM could be adjusted within 5โ€“10 seconds; then the VLVET could be reused immediately without further reinforcement. At all distanceLARYNX-CAM, whole glottis and intubation were observed on screen and by the naked eye, except for naked eye view at 2 cm distanceLARYNX-CAM (all p < 0.005). On both views, the visualization scores were higher at โ‰ฅ 6 cm distanceINTER-INCISOR than 2 cm distanceINTER-INCISOR (all p < 0.005), and glottis was observed at โ‰ฅ 4 distanceINTER-INCISOR except for one laryngoscopy on naked eye view. During laryngoscopy and intubation, VLVET enabled both video and direct laryngoscope to be used simultaneously, at various distanceLARYNX-CAM in Beagles with โ‰ฅ 6 cm distanceINTER-INCISOR.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์‹œํŒ๋˜๋Š” borescope๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” 3Dํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ… ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ํ›„๋‘๊ฒฝ (VLVET)์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ธ€๊ฒฌ์—์„œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค. VLVET ์€ ๊ฒ€์ •์ƒ‰ polylactic acid๋กœ 3Dํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธ์‡„๋œ Miller ํ˜• ํ›„๋‘๊ฒฝ ๋ณธ์ฒด์™€ ๋ธ”๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ ์œ„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์— ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ํ™€๋”๋ถ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋น„๊ธ€๊ฒฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ณต์™€์œ„์—์„œ ์ •๋งฅ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด medetomidine (15 ฮผg kg-1) ๊ณผ alfaxalone (1.5 mg kg-1) ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ทจ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋Š” ํ›„๋‘์— ๋‹ฟ๋Š” ๋ธ”๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ ๋์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 cm ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ (distanceLARYNX-CAM) ์— ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋งจ๋ˆˆ ์‹œ์•ผ์™€ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹œ์•ผ๋กœ ํ›„๋‘ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™” ์ ์ˆ˜์™€ ์‚ฝ๊ด€ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™” ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 10 cm distanceLARYNX-CAM ์— ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์œ„์น˜์‹œํ‚จ ๋’ค, ์ž…์„ ๋ฒŒ๋ ค ์œ„์•„๋ž˜ ์•ž๋‹ˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ (distanceINTER-INCISOR) ๋ฅผ 10, 8, 6, 4, 2 cm ๋กœ 2 cm ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ํ›„๋‘ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™” ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” Kruskal-wallis test๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‰๊ท  ์ฒด์ค‘ 11.6 ยฑ 1.1 kg, ํ‰๊ท  ๋‚˜์ด 3.0 ยฑ 1.0 ๋…„ ๋ น์˜ 6 ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ๋น„๊ธ€์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ธ”๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ ์œ„์—์„œ์˜ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋Š”5-10์ดˆ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์กฐ์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์œ„์น˜ ์ด๋™ ํ›„์—๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ ์ • ์žฅ์น˜ ์—†์ด ์ฆ‰์‹œ VLVETยฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2 cm ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  distanceLARYNX-CAM ์—์„œ ๋งจ๋ˆˆ๊ณผ ํ™”๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฑ๋ฌธ ์ „์ฒด์™€ ์‚ฝ๊ด€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งจ๋ˆˆ๊ณผ ํ™”๋ฉด ์‹œ์•ผ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ distanceINTER-INCISOR ๊ฐ€ 6 cm ์ด์ƒ์ผ๋•Œ 2 cm ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€์‹œํ™” ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ 4 cm ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งจ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ๋ฌธ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ธ€์—์„œ ํ›„๋‘ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ์‚ฝ๊ด€์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ, VLVET์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ distanceLARYNX-CAM ์—์„œ์™€ 6 cm ์ด์ƒ์˜distanceINTER-INCISOR์—์„œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ํ›„๋‘๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘ ํ›„๋‘๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.Introduction 1 Materials and Methods 3 1. 3D modeling and printing of the VLVET 3 2. Borescope 4 3. Figure 1 5 4. Animals 6 5. Anesthetic procedures 6 6. Laryngoscopy and intubation 6 7. Figure 2 8 8. Laryngeal visualization scoring system 9 9. Figure 3 10 10. Statistics 11 Results 12 1. Figure 4 14 2. Table 1 15 3. Table 2 16 Discussion 17 1. Figure 5 21 Conclusion 22 Reference 23 Abstract in Korean 25์„

    A Review on the Characteristics of Working Memory of Students with Disabilities in Elementary School

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