63 research outputs found

    Solubility evaluation of OSTEONโ„ข in phosphate-buffered saline

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์น˜์˜ํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2015. 2. ์ด์ƒํ›ˆ.์ด์ƒ์ธ์‚ฐ์นผ์Š˜์€ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์•„ํŒŒํƒ€์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„ฑ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ธ ฮฒ-์ œ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ์นผ์Š˜[ฮฒ-Ca3(PO4)2]๊ณผ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์•„ํŒŒํƒ€์ดํŠธ์˜ ์ฒด๋‚ด ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ฮฒ-์ œ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ์นผ์Š˜์˜ ์ƒ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์ธ์‚ฐ์นผ์Š˜์€ ์ด์‹๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฉํ•ด๋˜์–ด ์นผ์Š˜์ด์˜จ๊ณผ ์ธ์‚ฐ์ด์˜จ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์ €๊ฒฐ์ •์„ฑ ํƒ„์‚ฐ์•„ํŒŒํƒ€์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ณจ๊ณผ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์ƒ์ธ์‚ฐ์นผ์Š˜์ธ (์ฃผ)์ œ๋…ธ์Šค์‚ฌ์˜ OSTEONโ„ข์„ ์ธ์‚ฐ์™„์ถฉ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์— ์นจ์  ์‹œ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์นผ์Š˜ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™” ์ด์˜จ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. (์ฃผ)์ œ๋…ธ์Šค์‚ฌ์˜ OSTEONโ„ข ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ ์ค‘ ์ž…์žํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 1.0 - 2.0mm ๋ฒ”์œ„์ธ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ 0.2g์”ฉ ๋ถ„์ฃผํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 12๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œํŽธ์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์ฃผ๋œ ์‹œํŽธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ pH7.4๋กœ ์ œ์กฐํ•œ ์ธ์‚ฐ์™„์ถฉ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์— ์นจ์ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œํŽธ๋“ค์€ 3๊ฐœ์”ฉ ์ด 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ์นจ์ ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1W, 2W, 3W, 4W๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„ ์šฉ์•ก๊ณผ OSTEONโ„ข์‹œํŽธ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ OSTEONโ„ข ์‹œํŽธ์€ ๊ฑด์กฐ ์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธ์‚ฐ์™„์ถฉ์ˆ˜์šฉ์•ก์€ ์นผ์Š˜์ด์˜จ๋†๋„์™€ ์ˆ˜์‚ฐํ™”์ด์˜จ๋†๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ OSTEONโ„ข์‹œํŽธ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ธ์‚ฐ์™„์ถฉ์‹์—ผ์ˆ˜ ์šฉ์•ก์˜ pH๊ฐ’์€ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , ์นผ์Š˜์ด์˜จ ๋†๋„๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ OSTEONโ„ข ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ฮฒ-์ œ์‚ผ์ธ์‚ฐ์นผ์Š˜์˜ ์šฉ์ถœ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์นผ์Š˜์ด์˜จ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜์กด์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 1 โ…ก. ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 3 โ…ข. ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 5 โ…ฃ. ํ† ์˜ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 12 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ โ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ 14Maste

    The effect of silver diamine fluoride on salivary biofilm and physical properties of teeth

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์น˜์˜ํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์น˜์˜๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ, 2021. 2. ๊น€์˜์žฌ.1. ๋ชฉ์  ์น˜์•„์šฐ์‹์€ ์†Œ์•„์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋œ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์น˜์•„์šฐ์‹์€ ํ†ต์ฆ ๋ฐ ์น˜์„ฑ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•„๋™์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ์น˜๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ํž˜๋“  ํ™˜์ž์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์šฐ์‹๋ณ‘์†Œ์˜ ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋ณต ๋Œ€์‹  ๋ณ‘์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ •์ง€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ถ”์ฒœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์น˜์•„์šฐ์‹์˜ ์ •์ง€์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ , ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋„ํฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” silver diamine fluoride (SDF)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. SDF๋Š” ํ•ญ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์น˜์•„์˜ ์žฌ๊ด‘ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ํƒˆํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ์•„์งˆ์˜ ๊ต์›์งˆ์ด ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. SDF์˜ ํ•ญ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผํšจ๊ณผ์™€ SDF ๋„ํฌ์‹œ์˜ ์น˜์•„์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ๋“ค์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋‚˜, ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ์น˜์— ๋„ํฌํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์‹์›์„ฑ์˜ ํƒ€์•ก ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ง‰์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ SDF์˜ ํ•ญ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  SDF๊ฐ€ ์œ ์น˜์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์„ธ๊ท ์ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋œ ํƒ€์•ก์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 8-well glass chamber์™€ 12-well polystyrene plate์— ํš๋“ํ”ผ๋ง‰๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํƒ€์•ก๋ง‰์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ท ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํƒ€์•ก๊ณผ ์ž๋‹น์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ brain heart infusion ๋ฐฐ์–‘์•ก์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ›„ Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175๋ฅผ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒ€์•ก ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋ฐฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํƒ€์•ก์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ”ํŒ…๋œ 8-well glass chamber์™€ 12-well polystyrene plate์— ์ ‘์ข…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ์‹์›์„ฑ์˜ ํƒ€์•ก ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ง‰์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. SDF๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์‹์›์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ง‰์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํƒ€์•ก ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ง‰์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ 12-well polystyrene plate์— SDF๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ํ›„ ์ง‘๋ฝํ˜•์„ฑ๋‹จ์œ„(CFU)๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ 8-well glass chamber์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ํƒ€์•ก ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ง‰์— SDF๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ํ›„ live/dead staining kit๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ผ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์ดˆ์ ๋ ˆ์ด์ €์ฃผ์‚ฌํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์น˜์•„์—์„œ์˜ ํ•ญ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ ์น˜ ๋ฒ•๋ž‘์งˆ๊ณผ ์ƒ์•„์งˆ ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์— SDF๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ํ›„ 12-well polystyrene plate์— ํƒ€์•ก ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ๋ฐฐ์ง€์™€ ์น˜์•„ ์‹œํŽธ์„ ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์น˜์•„ ์‹œํŽธ ์ƒ๋ฐฉ์— ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ง‰์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์€ SDF๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ง‰ CFU๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ์ง€์˜ CFU ๋˜ํ•œ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. SDF๊ฐ€ ์น˜์•„์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์น˜์•„ ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ฒฝ๋„์™€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํƒ€์•ก ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ง‰์— SDF๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ „์ฒด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณผ S. mutans๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(p < 0.001). ๊ณต์ดˆ์ ๋ ˆ์ด์ €์ฃผ์‚ฌํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ์‹œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ง‰ ๋‚ด ์ฃฝ์€ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ฐจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์น˜์•„ ์‹œํŽธ์— SDF๋ฅผ ๋„ํฌํ•œ ํ›„ ์šฐ์‹์›์„ฑ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ง‰์„ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, SDF ๋„ํฌ์‹œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ง‰์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์ด ์ €ํ•ด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค(p = 0.029). ๋ฒ•๋ž‘์งˆ ์‹œํŽธ๊ณผ ์ƒ์•„์งˆ ์‹œํŽธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ง€์˜ ํ”Œ๋ž‘ํฌํ†ค ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฆ์‹์ด ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(p = 0.029). ๋ฒ•๋ž‘์งˆ๊ณผ ์ƒ์•„์งˆ ์‹œํŽธ์— SDF๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹œํŽธ์˜ ๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ฒฝ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(๋ฒ•๋ž‘์งˆ : p = 0.028, ์ƒ์•„์งˆ : p = 0.002). ๋ฒ•๋ž‘์งˆ ์‹œํŽธ์—์„œ๋Š” SDF ๋„ํฌ์‹œ์— ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(p = 0.002). ์ด๋ฒˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ SDF๊ฐ€ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ํ•ญ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, SDF ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ์‹œ ์น˜์•„์šฐ์‹ ๋ณ‘์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ™”๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. SDF์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ž„์ƒ์—์„œ์˜ ํ•ญ์šฐ์‹ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.1. Objectives Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases in children. Untreated caries lesions can cause pain and odontogenic infection, and they can affect growth and quality of life of children. Recently, it has been recommended to arrest the caries lesion with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) instead of the conventional restoration in patients who have poor cooperation or difficulty accessing to dental treatment. SDF is effective agent for arresting dental caries and inexpensive. SDF can reduce the growth of microorganisms, restrain degradation of collagen in dentin, promote remineralization and inhibit demineralization of teeth. There are several studies about the antimicrobial effect of SDF and the effect on the physical properties of teeth, but these studies were conducted using limited species of microorganisms and researches evaluating the effect on primary teeth are insufficient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of SDF by using cariogenic salivary biofilm, and effect on physical properties of primary teeth. 2. Materials and Methods Saliva-coated (pellicle-like) structure was formed on 8โ€“well glass chambers and 12โ€“well polystyrene plates using unstimulated saliva. After mixing pooled saliva and brain heart infusion broth, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 was added into the mixture. The mixture was inoculated into 8โ€“well glass chamber and the 12โ€“well polystyrene plate. They were cultured to form cariogenic salivary biofilm. To evaluate the antibiofilm effects of SDF on cariogenic biofilm, bacterial viability was evaluated using colony forming unit (CFU) and confocal laser scanning microscope after treatment with SDF to cariogenic biofilm. In order to investigate the antimicrobial effect on the primary teeth, tooth specimens were treated with SDF. Biofilm was formed upon the tooth specimens using the same medium within a 12โ€“well polystyrene plate. Thereafter, bacteria in the biofilm and planktonic bacteria in the medium were measured. To evaluate the effect of SDF on the physical properties of teeth, microhardness and surface roughness of tooth specimens were investigated. 3. Results Total bacteria and S. mutans were significantly decreased immediately after treatment with SDF (p < 0.001). Confocal laser scanning microscope also demonstrated the increment of the dead cells. As a result of culturing cariogenic biofilm upon the enamel and dentin specimens after treatment with SDF, it was confirmed that the formation of cariogenic biofilm was disrupted when SDF was treated (p = 0.029). Proliferation of planktonic bacteria was also `restrained in both group (p = 0.029). Microhardness of enamel specimens and dentin specimens was elevated after SDF-treatment (p = 0.028 in enamel, p = 0.002 in dentin). Surface roughness of enamel specimens were decreased by SDF (p = 0.002).I. ์„œ๋ก  1 II. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 7 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ 7 2. ํ•ญ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 7 2.1. Silver diamine fluoride์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ S. mutans์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 7 2.2. Silver diamine fluoride์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ง‰ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 8 2.3. ์น˜์•„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 13 3. ์น˜์•„์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 14 3.1. ์น˜์•„ ์‹œํŽธ ์ค€๋น„ 14 3.2. ๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ฒฝ๋„(Microhardness)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 16 3.3. ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ(Surface roughness)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 16 4. ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 17 III. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 17 1. ํ•ญ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 17 1.1. Silver diamine fluoride์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ S. mutans์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 17 1.2. Silver diamine fluoride์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋ง‰ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 19 1.3. ์น˜์•„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•ญ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ํšจ๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 21 2. ์น˜์•„์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 24 2.1. ๋ฏธ์†Œ๊ฒฝ๋„(Microhardness)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 24 2.2. ํ‘œ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ธฐ(Surface roughness)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 24 IV. ์ด๊ด„ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 25 V. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  42 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 44 Abstract 60Docto

    ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ์—์„ธ์ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ agonistic, absolute ๋‹จ์ผ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์„œ๋ธŒํƒ€์ž… ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ

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    While intrinsic molecular subtypes provide the important biological classification of breast cancer, subtype assignment of individuals is influenced by assay technology and study cohort composition. I sought to develop platform independent absolute single-sample subtype classifier based on the minimal number of genes. Pairwise ratios for subtype-specific differentially expressed genes from un-normalized expression data from 432 Breast Cancer (BC) samples of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used as inputs for machine learning. The subtype classifier with the fewest number of genes and maximal classification power was selected during cross-validation. The final model was evaluated on 5816 samples from 10 independent studies profiled with four different assay platforms. Upon cross-validation within the TCGA cohort, a random forest classifier (MiniABS) with 11 genes achieved the best accuracy of 88.2%. Applying MiniABS to five validation sets of RNA-seq and microarray data showed an average accuracy of 85.15% (vs. 77.72% for Absolute Intrinsic Molecular Subtype (AIMS)). Only MiniABS could be applied to five low-throughput datasets, showing an average accuracy of 87.93%. The MiniABS can absolutely subtype BC using raw expression levels of only 11 genes regardless of assay platform with higher accuracy than existing methods. ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์—์„œ intrinsic ๋ถ„์ž์  ์„œ๋ธŒํƒ€์ž…์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋กœ, ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์„œ๋ธŒํƒ€์ž… ์˜ˆ์ธก์€ ์—์„ธ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์Šคํ„ฐ๋”” ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ composition์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ ์€ ์œ ์ „์ž๋งŒ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ independent absolute single sample ์„œ๋ธŒํƒ€์ž… ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ (classifier)๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)์˜ 432๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์˜ ๋น„์ •๊ทœํ™”(un-normalized)๋œ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ๋ธŒํƒ€์ž… ํŠน์ด์  ์ฐจ๋“ฑ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž์Œ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋น„์œจ(ratio)์„ ๋จธ์‹  ๋Ÿฌ๋‹(machine learning)์˜ ์ธํ’‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„œ๋ธŒํƒ€์ž… ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ๋Š” cross-validation ๊ณผ์ • ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ํŒŒ์›Œ(classification power)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์€ ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์„ ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข… ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—์„ธ์ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ 10๊ฐœ์˜ independent ์Šคํ„ฐ๋””์˜ 5816๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์— ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. TCGA ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ cross-validation ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋žœ๋ค ํฌ๋ ˆ์ŠคํŠธ(random forest) ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ (MiniABS)๋Š” 11๊ฐœ ์œ ์ „์ž (FOXA1, MYBL2, CEP55, SFRP1, ESR1, MKI67, MLPH, FGFR4, PGR, ERBB2, KRT17)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 88.2%์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ๋‹ค. MiniABS๋ฅผ RNAseq๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ˆ์ด๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์ด ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ์ ์šฉํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ 85.15% (๊ธฐ์กด์— ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ absolute ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๊ธฐ์ธ Absolute Intrinsic Molecular Subtype (AIMS)์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 77.72%)์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜ค์ง MiniABS๋งŒ ๋‹ค์„ฏ๊ฐœ์˜ low-throughput ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์— ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , 88.97%์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ •ํ™•๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. MiniABS๋Š” ์˜ค์ง 11๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด์„ธ์ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์— ๋ฌด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ์ •ํ™•๋„๋กœ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•”์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.open๋ฐ•

    Inference during story comprehension in patients with right hemisphere damage

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    ์–ธ์–ด๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ •/์„์‚ฌ[์˜๋ฌธ] [ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋น„์šฐ์„ธ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์ธ ์šฐ๋‡Œ ์†์ƒ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์–ธ์–ด์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ดํ™” ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•จ, ์ •๋ณด ํ†ตํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ฒฐ ํ•จ, ์ถ”๋ก ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€ ๋“ฑ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋‡Œ ์†์ƒ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‹ดํ™” ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์ถ”๋ก ์ƒ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค ํ•˜์— ์šฐ๋‡Œ ์†์ƒ ํ™˜์ž 12๋ช…๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž 12๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ดํ™”์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ดํ•ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ดํ•ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ž์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด์–ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ(think aloud protocol)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋‡Œ ์†์ƒ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๊ตฐ์˜ ์ถ”๋ก ์˜ ์–‘์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ ํ•œ ์ถ”๋ก ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ(์„ค๋ช…, ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌ, ์—ฐ์ƒ)๊ณผ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ์–ต ์ž‘์šฉ (ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”, ์œ ์ง€, ์ธ์ถœ)์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ์šฐ๋‡Œ ์†์ƒ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์ด ์ •์ƒ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚ด์–ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์ถœ ํ•œ ์ ˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 2. ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„์— ์ถ”๋ก ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋‡Œ ์†์ƒ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์ด ์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ถ” ๋ก ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„์— ๋ณด์˜€๋˜ ์ ˆ์˜ ๋นˆ๋„์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฐ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „์ฒด ์ ˆ ์ค‘์— ์ถ”๋ก ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋‡Œ ์†์ƒ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ ์ด ์ •์ƒ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๊ตฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ ์€ ๋น„์œจ์˜ ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 3. ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„ ์ถ”๋ก ์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์—ฐ์ƒ, ์„ค๋ช…, ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์ƒ ์ถ”๋ก  ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•œ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋‡Œ ์†์ƒ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์ด ์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์—ฐ์ƒ์„ ์ ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์˜€ ๊ณ  ์ด ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 4. ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ์–ต ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณ„๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์œ ์ง€, ์ธ์ถœ ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘์— ์šฐ๋‡Œ ์†์ƒ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์ด ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 5. ๊ฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…, ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌ, ์—ฐ์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ ์ถ”๋ก  ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ถ”๋ก  ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์—์„œ๋„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”, ์œ ์ง€, ์ธ์ถœ ์ˆœ์„œ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ต ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค . ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ฐ„ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ์„ค๋ช…๊ณผ ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌ์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ์ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜ ์˜€๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์šฐ๋‡Œ์†์ƒ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์€ ์„ค๋ช…์—์„œ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ํฐ ๋น„์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋‡Œ ์†์ƒ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ง€์‹์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ์‹์—์„œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด๋“ค์—ฌ ์ถ” ๋ก ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์ƒ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ์ •์ƒ ํ”ผํ—˜์ž๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ต ์ž‘์šฉ๋„ ์ •์ƒ ์„ฑ์ธ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ ‘๋ชฉ์‹œ์ผœ ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ ‘๋ชฉ์‹œ์ผœ ๊ธ€์˜ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๊ธ€์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค, ์ฝ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ€์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋‡Œ ์†์ƒ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด์•ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ดค๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ดํ™” ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ๋‹ดํ™”๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ถ”๋ก ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•ด์ค€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Inference during story comprehension in patients with right hemisphere damage Mee Kyoung Suh Graduate Program in Speech Pathology Yonsei University (Directed by Chang-Il Park) Adults with right hemisphere damage (hereafter RHD) show subtle communication disorder during discourse comprehension. Inference deficit could be considered as one of the main causes for this comprehension disorder. This study investigates the inference of RHD adults during story comprehension. Think aloud protocol was used to examine the inference patterns (explanation, prediction, association) and the memory operations (activation, maintenace, retrieval). Twelve RHD subjects and normal subjects were examined in this study. The results are as follows. 1. RHD subjects used less clauses than the normal subjects. However, there was no statistical significance in this difference. 2. RHD subjects made less inference than the normal subjects. This difference showed statistical significance. This difference, however, could have been affected by the smaller number of clauses produced by the RHD patiences. Therefore, the inference-clause ratio was compared between the two subject groups. As a result, RHD subjects showed lower inference-clause ratio than the normal subjects and this had statistical significance. 3. The inference patterns were compared between the two groups. Both groups showed similar inference patterns, using association most and prediction least. In the amount of associations, however, there was statistical significance between the two groups. RHD subjects used less associations than the normal subjects. 4. Memory operations used for inference were compared between the two groups. Both groups showed similar patterns in the uses of the memory operations, using activation most, maintenance next, retrieval least. RHD subjects, however, used more maintenance than the normal subjects and this showed statistical significance. 5. The uses of memory operations(activation, maintenance, retrieval) were compared between the two groups in each of the inference categories (association, explanation, prediction). The result shows that activation was used most, maintenance next, and retrieval least in each association, explanation and prediction. There were statistical significance in the difference of the two groups in activation and maintenace in the explanation category as well as activation in the prediction category. This study shows that RHD patients, compared to non-brain damaged adults, use less association for inference which draw information from general world knowledge. RHD subjects also used more maintenace operations. This could mean that in understanding a story they rely more on local coherence by using information located nearby the focal sentence in the text rather than constructing a contextual frame through associating information drawn from world knowledge or the information located further in the text. The significance of this study lies in having a chance to examine the actual inferences of the RHD patients. Furthermore, it seems to provide an insight to the understanding of the difficulties of RHD patients' discourse comprehension. RHD patients do make inference during their discourse comprehension, but they are just not making enough of it. This fact that they are not making enough inference seems to explain their difficulties in discourse comprehension.ope

    ๋งน๋ฐฉ ํ•ด๋ณ€ํœด์–‘์ง€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ค๊ณ„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์กฐ๊ฒฝํ•™๊ณผ,1995.Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์ •์ฑ…ํ•™๊ณผ, 2017. 8. ๊น€์ƒํ—Œ.์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ์œ„์ƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ž์›์˜์กด์ด๋ก  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ์˜ ์ •์น˜ยท์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ฃผ์ธ-๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ ์ด๋ก  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ์ž„์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ž์›์˜์กด์ด๋ก  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์™ธ๋ถ€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ(์กฐ์ง)์ธ ์ •๋ถ€, ์—ฌ๋‹น ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์†Œํ†ต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ƒ์กด๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ž์›์„ ํš๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์ž์ธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฐฉ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ค‘ ์ •์น˜ยท์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ์˜ ์ •์น˜ยท์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋งค๋…„ ๊ธฐํš์žฌ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ฒฝ์˜์‹ค์ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 2007๋…„ 12์›” ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์šด์˜์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰ ์ดํ›„์ธ 2008๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2015๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ 877๊ฐœ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…ยท์ค€์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ํ†ตํํ•ฉ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ธก์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ˆ˜ 652๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ์˜ ์ •์น˜ยท์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ •๊ถŒ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ์—ฌ๋‹น์ด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ๋“œ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ์˜ ์žฌ์ž„๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ธธ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ž„์ง์›์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ ์ • ์ž„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ด์คŒ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ „๋žต ์ถ”์ง„ ๋“ฑ ๊ฒฝ์˜์˜ ์ง€์†์„ฑ์„ ๋‹ด๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ์ง ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ธ์žฌํ’€์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์šฉ ์ธ์ ์ž์›์ด ๋งŽ์•„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๊ธ์ •์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์ •์ ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ์˜ ์ •์น˜ยท์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๊ธ์ •์  ์š”์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž์›์˜์กด์ด๋ก ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ณต์šด๋ฒ• ์‹œํ–‰ ์ดํ›„(08๏ฝž'15๋…„)๋กœ ํ•œ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๊ทธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ณต์šด๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ •๋œ ๊ธฐํƒ€๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๋ถ„์„๋Œ€์ƒ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€๋ฐ, ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ „์ฒด์— ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ฐ€๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ํ™”๋œ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ธก์ •์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ ๋„ ์•„์‰ฌ์šด ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ž„์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ •๊ถŒ๋ณ„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋“ฑ๋„ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 6 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ 6 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์œ ํ˜• ๋ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ 7 1. ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 7 2. ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ฒด๊ณ„ 9 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ž„์› ์ธ์‚ฌ์ œ๋„ 11 1. ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ ์ธ์‚ฌ 11 2. ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ž„์›์ œ๋„ ๋ณ€์ฒœ 12 3. ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ ์ž„๋ช… 13 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ‰๊ฐ€์ œ๋„ 14 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ์ฃผ์ธ-๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ ์ด๋ก  17 ์ œ 6 ์ ˆ ์ž์›์˜์กด์ด๋ก  19 ์ œ 7 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์—…ํ™œ๋™์—์„œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ 20 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์„ค 23 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์ž์›์˜์กด ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ •์น˜์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ 23 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ์˜ ์ •์น˜์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์™€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ 24 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์žฅ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์™€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ 27 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 28 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 28 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ํ‘œ๋ณธ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 29 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ™” 30 1. ์„ค๋ช…๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 30 2. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 32 3. ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 33 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ 37 1. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ 37 2. ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 41 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  54 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 57 Abstract 64Maste
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