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    Development of family with elderly dementia patient adaptation model

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์น˜๋งค๋…ธ์ธ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ ์‘์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์น˜๋งค๋…ธ์ธ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ํž˜(Resiliency)์„ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์˜์œ„ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ „๋žต ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์‹œ๋„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์กฑ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ด์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•œ McCubbin & McCubbin(1996)์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ ์‘์˜ Resiliency Model๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๊ธฐํ‹€๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์„ค์  ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์น˜๋งค๋…ธ์ธ ์งˆํ™˜์ •๋„์™€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋งค๋…ธ์ธ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ํž˜(Resiliency)์ธ์ž์ธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ธ์„ฑ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์›, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์‘์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ ์‘์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ํž˜(Resiliency)์ธ์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ ์‘์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ 1999๋…„ 8๋ญ˜ 28์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 10์›” 16์ผ๊นŒ์ง€์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์› ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์™€ ์น˜๋งค ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋ณดํ˜ธ์„ผํ„ฐ, ๋…ธ์ธ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณต์ง€๊ด€์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ด 110๊ฐœ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์ค‘ ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ 102๊ฐœ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ง€๊ฐ€์ตœ์ข…๋ถ„์„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ SAS program์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„œ์ˆ ์  ํ†ต๊ณ„์™€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„, ์š”์ธ๋ถ„์„, ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , Path analysis๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1) ์น˜๋งค๋…ธ์ธ ์งˆํ™˜์ •๋„์™€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ„์—๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด ๊ฐ€์„ค์€ ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2) ๊ฐ€์„ค ๊ฒ€์ •์—์„œ ์น˜๋งค๋…ธ์ธ ์งˆํ™˜์ •๋„์™€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ํž˜(Resiliency)์ธ์ž์ธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ธ์„ฑ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์›๊ณผ์˜ ์ง์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค๋“ค์€ ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์น˜๋งค๋…ธ์ธ ์งˆํ™˜์ •๋„์™€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ ์‘๊ณผ์˜ ์ง์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ๋„ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์„ค๋“ค๋„ ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์น˜๋งค๋…ธ์ธ ์งˆํ™˜์ •๋„์™€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ˆ„์ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์‘์ „๋žต๊ณผ์˜ ์ง์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์„ค๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3) ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ํž˜(Resiliency)์ธ์ž์ธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ธ์„ฑ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์›, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์‘์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ ์‘๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง์ ‘ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์„ค๋“ค์€ ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4) ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ํž˜(Resiliency)์ธ์ž์ธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ธ์„ฑ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์›, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์‘์ „๋žต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆœ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆœ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์–ด ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์„ค๋“ค์€ ์ง€์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์น˜๋งค๋…ธ์ธ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ ์‘์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ ์‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์›์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ธ์„ฑ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์‘์ „๋žต ์ˆœ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์น˜๋งค๋…ธ์ธ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ํž˜(Resiliency)์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ ์‘์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์น˜๋งค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ‡ดํ–‰์„ฑ ๋งŒ์„ฑ์งˆํ™˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์น˜๋งค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์น˜๋งค๋…ธ์ธ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ถ”์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ณ ๋ น์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์น˜๋งค๋…ธ์ธ ์ธ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ˆ˜์ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ด์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ ์‘ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์น˜๋งค๋…ธ์ธ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์— ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ ์ฐจ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์น˜๋งค๋…ธ์ธ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ ์‘์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋…ธ์ธ์„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—์„œ ๋ชจ์‹œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ฌธํ™” ์†์—์„œ ์น˜๋งค๋…ธ์ธ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ ์‘์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ค‘์žฌ์‹œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฌธํ™”๋‚ด์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ด€์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] By investigating how the family adapts to the family crisis of elderly dementia patient occurrence, the purpose of this study was tried to contribute to establish nursing strategies for the family caring for the elderly dementia patient to promote resiliency of returning to the normal family life in Korean family system, and to maintain healthy family life. Hypothetical model is made on the basis of articles review and resiliency model of family stress adaptation(McCubbin & McCubbin,1996), which sets family as an analytical unit and approaches family phenomena as a whole. Main research concept is that the dementia degree of elderly patient and accumulated family stress would influence family strength, family resources management, family problem solving and corresponding strategies, and family adaptation, which are factors of family resiliency. And it is assumed that the family resiliency factor would influence family adaptation. Data collection for the study was conducted at neurology departments of hospitals, temporary shelter for dementia patient, and nursing homes for the elderly, from August 28 to October 16, 1999. Among total 110 questionnaires collected, but only valid 102 questionnaires were used for the final analysis. Through SAS statistical computer program, descriptive statistics, reliability of studying variables, factor analysis, and correlation analysis were completed. The validity of cause and effect relationship based on the hypothesis was verified by path analysis. The results are as follows ; 1) The significance is found in relation between the dementia degree of elderly patient and accumulated family stress. Therefore, the hypothesis was supported. 2) The dementia degree of elderly patient and accumulated family stress directly influence family strength and family resource management (the factors of family resiliency) with statistical significance. The hypotheses were supported. And the dementia degree of elderly patient and accumulated family stress directly influence family adaptation with statistical significance. The hypotheses were supported. However, the degree of elderly dementia patient and accumulated family stress, which directly influence family problem resolving and corresponding strategies, does not support statistical significance. The hypotheses were rejected. 3) The factors of family resiliency - family strength, family resources management, family problem solving and corresponding strategies, and the direct influence of family adaptation - show statistical significance. The hypotheses were supported. 4) Each factor of family resiliency - family strength, family resources management, and positive relation of family problem solving and corresponding strategies - indicates statically significant relation between them. The hypotheses were supported. The test result of theoretical hypothesis of family adaptation in family caring of elderly dementia patient by using path analysis reveals the importance of variables which influence most' family adaptation', the ultimate variable in this research. The order of importance in influencing variable is as follows : first is family resources management ; second is family strength; third is family problem solving and corresponding strategies. Based on the result above, it is confirmed that family resources management is the key foundation in nursing programs, which could enforce the family resiliency in the end. In consideration that dementia is the atrophy and chronicle diseases, and requires constant family caring, many families with the elderly dementia patient would suffer in reality. As the society is expected to become aging society, the number of elderly dementia patients is likely to increase accordingly. Therefore, the family adaptation study has great significance to family caring of the elderly with dementia, and the significance of the study will become important to family in crisis of caring the elderly dementia patient. further researches should be conducted with the consideration of Korean traditional custom that family should take care of 7he elderly family member.ope
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