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    ์ •๋ณด ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋น„์šฉ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น„์ „ํ†ต์  ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋‚ด ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณตํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ, 2019. 2. ๋ฐ•์šฐ์ง„.์šด์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋„๋กœ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผํ–‰ ์ค‘ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ „๋ฐฉ์„ ์ฃผ์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์ฃผํ–‰ ์—…๋ฌด์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋‚ด ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด๋ฅผ ์šด์ „์ž์˜ ์ „๋ฐฉ ์‹œ์„ ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ์œ„์น˜์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ์šด์ „์ž์˜ ์‹œ์„ ์ด ์ „๋ฐฉ์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํ—ค๋“œ-์—… ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด(Head-Up Display, ์ดํ•˜ HUD) ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(Camera Monitor System, ์ดํ•˜ CMS)์€ ์ •๋ณด ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผœ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ๋งํ•œ ๋น„์ „ํ†ต์  ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋‚ด ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋‹ค. HUD๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์šด์ „์ž์˜ ์ „๋ฐฉ ์‹œ์•ผ ์ƒ์— ์ง์ ‘ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ, ์šด์ „์ž๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋Œ€์‹œ๋ณด๋“œ ์˜์—ญ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด(ํ—ค๋“œ-๋‹ค์šด ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด)๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์‹œ์„ ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋„, ์ „๋ฐฉ์„ ์ฃผ์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค. CMS๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ›„์ธก๋ฐฉ ์‹œ์•ผ๋ฅผ ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋กœ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋‚ด ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์–ด, ์šด์ „์ž๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ํ›„์ธก๋ฐฉ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ-๋ทฐ ๋ฏธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์‹œ์„ ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋„, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค. HUD ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ CMS์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์ด์  ๋ฐ ์œ ๋งํ•œ ์‘์šฉ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„์ „ํ†ต์  ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋‚ด ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณตํ•™์  ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. HUD ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ •๋ณด ๊ณผ๋‹ค(Information overload), ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํ˜ผ์žก(Visual clutter), ์ธ์ง€ ํฌํš(Cognitive capture)๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์˜ค์ง ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋งŒ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. CMS์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, CMS ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ-๋ทฐ ๋ฏธ๋Ÿฌ ์œ„์น˜ ๋Œ€์‹ , ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋‚ด ์ž„์˜์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋†“์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์€ ์šด์ „์ž์˜ ์ •๋ณด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ›„์ธก๋ฐฉ ์ƒํ™ฉ ํŒŒ์•…์— ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณตํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค: 1) ํ˜„์žฌ HUD ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ์š”์†Œ๋“ค ์ค‘์—, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ€?, 2) ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ HUD ์ •๋ณด ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?, 3) ์šด์ „์ž์˜ ์ •๋ณด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” CMS ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ฐฐ์น˜์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€?, 4) ์ฃผํ–‰์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผœ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” CMS ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ฐฐ์น˜์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„์ „ํ†ต์  ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋‚ด ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณตํ•™์  ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ, HUD ์ •๋ณด ์š”์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ CMS ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ฐฐ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. HUD ์ •๋ณด ์š”์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”, ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ, 1) ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋œ HUD ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” 22๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ •๋ณด ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  2) ์šฐ์„  ์ˆœ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ HUD ์ •๋ณด ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. HUD๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ 51๋ช…์˜ ์šด์ „์ž๋“ค์ด ์„ค๋ฌธ์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์ •๋ณด ์š”์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ํ”ผ์„ค๋ฌธ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ค‘์š”๋„๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•ด๋‹น ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ค๋ฌธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ •๋ณด ์š”์†Œ๋“ค ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”๋„๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์†๋„, ์ œํ•œ ์†๋„, ํ„ด-๋ฐ”์ด-ํ„ด ๋„ค๋น„๊ฒŒ์ด์…˜ ์•ˆ๋‚ด, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ •๋น„ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ , ํฌ๋ฃจ์ฆˆ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค ์ƒํƒœ, ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ๋ถ€์กฑ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ์ค‘์š”๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 11๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋†’์€ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„์˜ HUD ์ •๋ณด ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ์„ค๋ฌธ ์‘๋‹ต๋“ค์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ, HUD ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณตํ•™์  ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐ ์ถ”ํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๋“ค์ด ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. CMS ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ฐฐ์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”, ์ฃผํ–‰ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ CMS ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ-๋ทฐ ๋ฏธ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ 1) ์šด์ „์ž์˜ ์ •๋ณด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ 2) ์ฃผํ–‰์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๋ถ€๋‹ด์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋น„๊ต ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ฐฐ์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ขŒ์šฐ CMS ์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ-๋ทฐ ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์กด ์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ-๋ทฐ ๋ฏธ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•ˆ์ชฝ์—, ์Šคํ‹ฐ์–ด๋งํœ ์˜ ์–‘์ชฝ ๋Œ€์‹œ๋ณด๋“œ ์ƒ์—, ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ๋ถ™์—ฌ์„œ ์„ผํ„ฐํŽ˜์‹œ์•„ ์ƒ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 22๋ช…์˜ ํ”ผ์‹คํ—˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์„  ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ํƒœ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฏธ๋Ÿฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด, ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ CMS ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘, ์šด์ „์ž์˜ ์ •๋ณด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ฃผํ–‰์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์ ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” CMS ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด ๋ฐฐ์น˜์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ CMS ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด๋“ค์„ ์šด์ „์ž์˜ ์ •์ƒ ์‹œ์„ ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ์œ„์น˜์‹œ์ผœ ์‹œ์„ ์˜ ์ด๋™ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ, ์ขŒ์šฐ CMS ๋””์Šคํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์šด์ „์ž์˜ ์ขŒ์šฐ ์ธก์— ๋†“์•„ ์–‘๋ฆฝ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.Drivers should keep their eyes forward most of the time during driving to be in full control of the vehicle and to be aware of the dynamic road scene. Thus, it is important to locate in-vehicle displays showing information required for a series of driving tasks close to the drivers forward line-of-sight, and therefore, to reduce the eyes-off-the-road time. Automotive head-up display (HUD) system and camera monitor system (CMS) are promising non-traditional in-vehicle display systems that can reduce information access costs. HUD presents various information items directly on the drivers forward field of view, and allows the drivers to acquire necessary information while looking at the road ahead. CMS consists of cameras capturing vehicles side and rear views and in-vehicle electronic displays presenting the real-time visual information, allowing the driver to obtain it inside a vehicle. Despite the potential benefits and promising applications of HUD system and CMS, however, there are some important research questions to be addressed for their ergonomics design. As for HUD system, presenting many information items indiscriminately can cause undesirable consequences, such as information overload, visual clutter and cognitive capture. Thus, only the necessary and important information must be selected and adequately presented according to the driving situation at hand. As for CMS, the electronic displays can be placed at any positions inside a vehicle and this flexibility in display layout design may be leveraged to develop systems that facilitate the drivers information processing, and also, alleviate the physical demands associated with checking side and rear views. Therefore, the following ergonomics research questions were considered: 1) Among various information items displayed by the existing HUD systems, which ones are important?, 2) How should the important HUD information items be presented according to the driving situation?, 3) What are the design characteristics of CMS display layouts that can facilitate driver information processing?, and 4) What are the design characteristics of CMS display layouts that can reduce physical demands of driving? As an effort to address some key knowledge gaps regarding these research questions and contribute to the ergonomics design of these non-traditional in-vehicle display systems, two major studies were conducted โ€“ one on HUD information items, and the other on CMS display layouts. In the study on HUD information items, a user survey was conducted to 1) determine the perceived importance of twenty-two information items displayed by the existing commercial automotive HUD systems, and to 2) examine the contexts of use and the user-perceived design improvement points for high-priority HUD information items. A total of fifty-one drivers with significant prior HUD use experience participated. For each information item, the participants subjectively evaluated its importance, and described its contexts of use and design improvement points. The information items varied greatly in perceived importance, and current speed, speed limit, turn-by-turn navigation instructions, maintenance warning, cruise control status, and low fuel warning were of highest importance. For eleven high-priority information items, design implications and future research directions for the ergonomics design of HUD systems were derived. In the study on CMS display layouts, a driving simulator experiment was conducted to comparatively evaluate three CMS display layouts with the traditional side-view mirror arrangement in terms of 1) driver information processing and 2) physical demands of driving. The three layouts placed two side-view displays inside the car nearby the conventional side-view mirrors, on the dashboard at each side of the steering wheel, and on the center fascia with the displays joined side-by-side, respectively. Twenty-two participants performed a safety-critical lane changing task with each layout design. Compared to the traditional mirror system, all three CMS display layouts facilitated information processing and reduced physical demands. Design characteristics leading to such beneficial effects were placing CMS displays close to the normal line-of-sight to reduce eye gaze travel distance and locating each CMS display on each side of the driver to maintain compatibility.Abstract i Contents iv List of Tables vii List of Figures ix Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.2 Research Questions 6 1.2.1 Research Questions for HUD system 6 1.2.2 Research Questions for CMS 7 1.3 Dissertation Outline 9 Chapter 2 Literature Review and Research Objectives 12 2.1 HUD Information Items 12 2.1.1 Literature Review on Research Question 1 12 2.1.2 Literature Review on Research Question 2 15 2.1.3 Research Objectives for HUD Information Items 17 2.2 CMS Display Layouts 18 2.2.1 Literature Review on Research Question 3 18 2.2.2 Literature Review on Research Question 4 21 2.2.3 Research Objectives for CMS Display Layouts 23 Chapter 3 A Survey Study on Head-Up Display (HUD) Information Items 24 3.1 Research Methods 24 3.1.1 Survey Participants 24 3.1.2 Data Collection and Analyses 25 3.2 Perceived Importance of Various HUD Information Items Displayed by the Existing HUD Systems 31 3.2.1 Results 31 3.2.2 Discussion 35 3.3 Contexts of Use and User-Perceived Design Improvement Points for High-Priority HUD Information Items 45 3.3.1 Results 45 3.3.2 Discussion 58 3.4 Concluding Remarks and Future Research Directions 72 Chapter 4 A Driving Simulator Study on Camera Monitor System (CMS) Display Layouts 75 4.1 Research Methods 75 4.1.1 Equipment 75 4.1.2 Design Alternatives 76 4.1.3 Driving Scenario and Experiment Task 79 4.1.4 Participants and Experimental Procedure 82 4.1.5 Experiment Variables 83 4.1.6 Statistical Analyses 88 4.2 Effects of CMS Side-view Display Layout Design on the Driver Information Processing 89 4.2.1 Results 89 4.2.2 Discussion 94 4.3 Impacts of CMS Side-view Display Layout Design on the Physical Demands of Driving 102 4.3.1 Results 102 4.3.2 Discussion 106 4.4 Concluding Remarks and Future Research Directions 117 Chapter 5 Conclusion 124 5.1 Summary and Implications 124 5.1.1 The Survey Study on HUD Information Items 124 5.1.2 The Driving Simulator Study on CMS Display Layouts 128 5.2 Future Research Ideas 132 5.2.1 HUD system 132 5.2.2 CMS 133 5.2.3 HUD system and CMS 136 Bibliography 138 Appendix A. The t-test tables 164 Appendix B. The ANOVA tables 165 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก 170Docto

    Mathematical Creativity and Informal Knowledge Shown in the Solution of Multiple Solution Task

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ต์œก๊ณผ,2019. 8. ์ด๊ฒฝํ™”.Mathematical creativity is the essence of mathematics, the essential goal, content and method in mathematics education. However, mathematical creativity studies on the meaning and specific methods of mathematical creativity regarding ordinary students is very scarce, and only few studies are related to curriculum and textbook within the field of mathematical creativity research. Also, math teachers have fewer opportunities to learn about creative classes and implement them. They also lack creative teaching materials, and textbook assignments are mostly filled with the tasks that students can solve with low-level cognitive efforts using simple memorization or procedural knowledge. On the other hand, although there have been constant arguments that informal knowledge should be used as a basis for mathematics teaching and learning, because it is related to creativity and that utilizing it is productive in terms of motivation and concept, school mathematics still emphasizes formal knowledge only. Therefore, this study tried to find out, when the ordinary textbook tasks are transformed into the multiple solution tasks in the class, whether the students' creativity could be fostered and what the students' informal knowledge means in that class. For this, the research questions are whether the order of solving tasks is related to mathematical creativity, whether students can be classified according to the flexibility and visual representation shown in the solution of multiple solution tasks, and what aspects of creativity and informal knowledge are revealed in the multiple solutions. Analyzing the order of multiple solutions presented by students, it could be found out that the first and second solutions that the students presented were the ones that could be easily thought of and were familiar and could be solved with algorithms. Especially those that were mathematically meaningful, scarce, and useful creative solutions were the most of the students' last ones. In order to produce a variety of solutions, the students explored them with cognitive efforts, and as a result, a number of creative solutions were produced. This shows that the multiple solution tasks can foster the students creativity. Flexibility and visual representation in students solutions were analyzed and the students were classified into four types according to them. In those groups, there were differences in the order of solving tasks, biases of solutions and types of preferred solutions. Analyzing creativity of the groups showed that Group 1 actively explored all the tasks and presented various solutions that revealed fluency, flexibility, originality and elaboration. They also used visual representation as well as symbolic representation in terms of representation. Group 2 presented solutions that reveal fluency, flexibility and elaboration, but the quality of originality was lower than Group 1. Group 3 used formal knowledge and visual representation frequently to solve the task. Group 4 had difficulty in presenting solutions using function across the board, but they often tried to use arithmetic solutions as alternatives. In that case, the solutions were at a low level compared to the other groups in terms of flexibility, originality and elaboration. Regarding the use of informal knowledge, Group 1 presented solutions using formal knowledge mainly as an initial solution and utilized informal knowledge to find additional solutions. This additional solutions were mostly creative. Group 2 and Group 3 presented formal knowledge-oriented solutions rather than informal knowledge, and Group 4 often revealed difficulties in using formal knowledge, but used various informal knowledge to produce alternative solutions. Through multiple solution tasks, students were given opportunities to learn and explore, use various expressions, express creativity, and utilize informal knowledge.์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ, ๋‚ด์šฉ, ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ณ , ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•ด ๋ณผ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ณ , ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์—… ์ž๋ฃŒ๋„ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๊ณผ์ œ๋“ค์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์•”๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ์ง€์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ธ์ง€์  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๋น„ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ์ง€์‹์€ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋น„ํ˜•์‹์  ์ง€์‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ ์ธก๋ฉด๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋…์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋น„ํ˜•์‹์  ์ง€์‹์„ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜ใƒปํ•™์Šต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋กœ์จ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ์ง€์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜์–ด ์™”์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•™๊ต ์ˆ˜ํ•™์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ˜•์‹์  ์ง€์‹๋งŒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํ•ด๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ์–‘์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์™€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„ํ˜•์‹์  ์ง€์‹์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํ•ด๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ’€์ด ์ˆœ์„œ์™€ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์ด ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๋‹ค์ค‘ํ•ด๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ํ’€์ด์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํ‘œํ˜„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์œ ํ˜•ํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์ค‘ํ•ด๋ฒ•์— ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋น„ํ˜•์‹์  ์ง€์‹์˜ ์–‘์ƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ํ•ด๋ฒ• ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์™€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŠนํžˆ, ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๊ณ , ํฌ์†Œ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋…”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํ•ด๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ธ์ง€์  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์ด ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์ค‘ํ•ด๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ์–‘์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํ‘œํ˜„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„๋กœ ํ’€์ด ์ˆœ์„œ์™€ ํ’€์ด ํ•ด๋ฒ•์˜ ํŽธ์ค‘๋„, ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ด๋ฒ•์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ž์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌธํ•ญ๋ณ„๋กœ๋„ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฃน1์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ, ๋…์ฐฝ์„ฑ, ์ •๊ต์„ฑ์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ์  ํ‘œํ˜„๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํ‘œํ˜„๋„ ๋‘๋ฃจ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฃน2๋Š” ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ, ์ •๊ต์„ฑ์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ด๋ฒ•์„ ์ž˜ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ๋…์ฐฝ์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน1๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฃน3์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ์ง€์‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฃน4๋Š” ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ์˜ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์€ ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋…์ฐฝ์„ฑ, ์ •๊ต์„ฑ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํ˜•์‹์  ์ง€์‹์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน1์€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ˜•์‹์  ์ง€์‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋น„ํ˜•์‹์  ์ง€์‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋•Œ์˜ ๋น„ํ˜•์‹์  ์ง€์‹์€ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฃน2์™€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน3์€ ๋น„ํ˜•์‹์  ์ง€์‹๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์  ์ง€์‹ ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฃน4๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์  ์ง€์‹์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ ์ธ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋น„ํ˜•์‹์  ์ง€์‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ค‘ํ•ด๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•™์Šต ๊ธฐํšŒ์™€ ํƒ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐํšŒ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋น„ํ˜•์‹์  ์ง€์‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก โ…ฐ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ โ…ด ํ‘œ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ โ…ถ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ โ…ธ โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 4 โ…ก. ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๋ถ„์„ 5 1. ๋‹ค์ค‘ํ•ด๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ œ 5 2. ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ 7 3. ๋น„ํ˜•์‹์  ์ง€์‹ 11 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 13 1. ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 13 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 14 3. ๊ณผ์ œ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์—… ์„ค๊ณ„ 15 4. ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 17 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 20 1. ๋‹ค์ค‘ํ•ด๋ฒ•๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ํ’€์ด ์ˆœ์„œ์™€ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ 20 2. ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ, ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํ‘œํ˜„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•™์ƒ ์œ ํ˜•ํ™” 30 2.1 ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ 30 2.2 ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ํ‘œํ˜„ 34 2.3 ํ•™์ƒ ์œ ํ˜•ํ™” 38 3. ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋น„ํ˜•์‹์  ์ง€์‹ 59 3.1 ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ 59 3.2 ๋น„ํ˜•์‹์  ์ง€์‹ 76 โ…ค. ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  83 1. ์š”์•ฝ 83 2. ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  87 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 95 ํ™œ๋™์ง€ 103 Abstract 111Maste

    ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ฐ ํ•ด์™ธ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ณต์œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    A sharing economy has emerged through today’s trust-building mechanisms, and a sharing economy is called a future economic model through a positive future market prospect. In this context, while the overseas sharing economic business is becoming a global trend, the domestic sharing economic business is busy following the global trend. The purpose of this study is to investigate the development direction of sharing economic business in Korea. First, the sharing economic cases of 50 oversea and domestic businesses were analyzed by time series analysis. Next, a cross-country analysis to analyze the business distribution and KCERN's sharing economic model through sharing economic cube model was conducted. Finally, profit model analysis through business case study and the relationship between the derived factors were investigated. As a result of the analysis, this study found comparative trends between overseas and domestic including differences in cultural and institutional environments and profit models. This study suggested directions for domestic sharing economy business

    A Study on the Prediction in Transformation Processes of e-Business Emerging Technology Gaps - Focusing on Hype Cycles of South Korea and the U.S.

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” e๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์  ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์„ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”๊ฒฉ์ž์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ์ „๋žต์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ„ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜๋ฐธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์žก๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€๋‹จํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ ์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ธ์ œ, ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ์‹ค์„ ๋งบ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์  ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์‹  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ถœํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง„๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๊ฐ€์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ง„๋ณด๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์–ด๋–ค ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์ด๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์–ธ์ œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณ„ ํ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ง„๋ณด๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์–ด๋–ค ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์™€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋„๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งค์นญํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์ž์ฒด ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•ด ์˜จ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋™ํƒœ์ , ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. This research began with questions about what strategy South Korea should have in the position of a follower in the e-Business emerging technology market which has been led by the U.S.. Since the Korean government and enterprises have made great efforts to keep up with Silicon Valley, the author thought it would be meaningful if this study can predict when and how these efforts will bear fruit. The following three questions have been answered in a possible statistical way. First, what features does the United States have in the emergence of new technology and its progress? Second, how does South Korea differ from the United States in the progress of the same kind of technology? Third, when and how will Korea"s technology level change in the future while it is currently lower than that of the United States. This study presents that there is a significant advancement in that this technology prediction research makes a new attempt by combining different standards of existing studies into one and analyzing the transformation processes of technology gaps between two countries dynamically and quantitatively while the past studies of international technology gaps have been carried out individually in each country for its own purpose
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