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    A Study on the Industrial Revolution of the New Century

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ตญ์ œ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ตญ์ œํ•™๊ณผ(๊ตญ์ œ์ง€์—ญํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2021. 2. ํ•œ์ •ํ›ˆ.North Korea has expended considerable effort in pursuing its goal of the Industrial Revolution of the New Century (IRNC), which is known as North Koreas latest science and technology (S&T) innovation at the same time economic development strategy. Despite its dire economic conditions, exacerbated by the recent sanctions, the country has expended considerable amounts of resources and efforts in pursuing its goal of leapfrogging through the IRNC. However, existing biases and high standards of S&T evaluation towards this lower-middle-income (LMI) state led its S&T to be considered as rather obsolete. Is North Koreas S&T too obsolete to be used as a means for economic development? This thesis explores the transition and development of North Koreas S&T policy and its capability from Kim Jong-ils S&T-oriented policy to Kim Jong-uns IRNC. It aims to explain the characteristics of the IRNC compared to the previous regimes S&T policy and how certain changes have resulted in North Koreas current S&T development. Thereby, the paper argues that the current regimes S&T policy via the IRNC has allowed the acceleration of innovation development lacked in the previous regime. It also argues that North Koreas S&T innovations since Kim Jong-uns regime do not fall behind those of other countries at similar stages of their industrial development. The current governments innovations clearly show that this time, North Korea has the potential to leapfrog. Yet, it also notes that the current regimes persistent pursuit of nuclear weapons and isolation from the international scene will limit its potential to achieve further economic growth as a socialist economic powerhouse.๋ถํ•œ์€ ๋„“๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถํ•œ์‹ 4์ฐจ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์ด๋ผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์€ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ œ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ž๊ธˆ๋‚œ์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๋ถํ•œ์€ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„ ์ „๋žต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ ๋ชป์ง€์•Š์€ ์—ด์ •์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์ง€์›์„ ์•„๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์ด ์€๋‘” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ์ž…๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹  ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‚™ํ›„๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋‚™ํ›„๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฐœ์ „ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๋งŒํผ ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๊น€์ •์ผ ์ •๊ถŒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊น€์ •์€ ์ •๊ถŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ถํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ํ˜„ ์ •๊ถŒ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ์ด์ „ ์ •๊ถŒ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ˜์‹  ์ฐฝ์ถœ์„ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ถํ•œ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ถํ•œ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์šฐ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜น์€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ฐœ์ „๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋’ค์ณ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ƒˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช… ์ „๋žต์ด ๋ถํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฒˆ๋„์•ฝ์˜ ์—ด์‡ ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„ ์ •๊ถŒ์˜ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ํ•ต ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์˜์ง€์™€ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ๋ด‰์‡„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ•๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์ „๋ง์€ ํšŒ์˜์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ถํ•œ์ด ๋น„ํ•ตํ™”๋ฅผ ์„ ์–ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœํ˜๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ•๊ตญ์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ์ง€, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํšŒ๋ณต๊ณผ ์ค‘์ €์†Œ๋“๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๊น€์ •์€์˜ ์„ ํƒ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ… . Introduction 1 โ…ก. Literature Review 6 1. North Koreas Current Economic Status 6 2. Inter-Korean S&T Cooperation Optimists and North Korean S&T Skeptic 10 3. Analytical Framework 14 โ…ข. Transition of S&T Policy Under Two Regimes 22 1. S&T Policy by Kim Jong-il 22 1-1. Policy background 23 1-2. S&T in reality: a tool for economic recovery 25 1-3. Seeking comparative advantage via IT industry 30 2. S&T Policy by Kim Jong-un 35 2-1. Policy background 35 2-2. S&T via the IRNC: objective for building socialist economic powerhouse and knowledge economy 38 2-3. Seeking comparative advantage via High Technology 42 2-4. Acceleration of innovation building: financial support and maximizing welfares in S&T 48 โ…ฃ. Innovation Outputs via the IRNC 54 1. Registration of International Academic Journals Related to S&T 55 1-1. Quantitative competitiveness of S&T journal publication 55 1-2. Journals by categories 59 1-3. Contribution of North Koreas journals to S&T academia 63 2. Patent Registrations 69 2-1. Quantitative competitiveness of patent 72 2-2. Patents by categories 78 โ…ค. Conclusion 83 Bibliography 88Maste

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