47 research outputs found

    Conversion of primed porcine embryonic stem cells to a naive state through the overexpression of reprogramming factors

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : 농업생λͺ…κ³Όν•™λŒ€ν•™ 농생λͺ…곡학뢀, 2018. 2. 이창규.Establishing pig embryonic stem cells (pESCs) remains a challenge due to differences in the genetic backgrounds of mouse, human, and pig. Therefore, pig-specific pluripotency markers and their cellular signaling must be identified. In this study, doxycycline (DOX)-inducible vectors carrying Oct4, sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), Nanog, Kruppel-like family 4 (Klf4), and Myc, which are known reprogramming factors, were transduced into pESCs to analyze the pluripotent gene network. Pig ESCs were stably maintained in basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-supplemented media, when cultured without DOX. However, when treated with DOX, the cells lost their alkaline phosphatase activity and differentiated within two weeks. Subsequently, we investigated the expression of genes related to pluripotency in DOX-treated pESCs using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Expression levels of Oct4, E-cadherin, and Fut4 were significantly increased by Oct4 overexpression, and Fut4 were upregulated in the Sox2 overexpressed group. When a combination of two reprogramming factors, Oct4 or Sox2 was introduced, weak alkaline phosphatase activity remained. In addition, Oct4 and Nanog, Oct4 and Klf4, or Sox2 and Nanog combinations transduction groups could be maintained after subculturing with transgene activation. Although a long-term culture failed, pESCs transduced with Oct4 and Nanog, Oct4 and Klf4, or Sox2 and Nanog combinations could be subcultured even under transgene activation conditions. Analysis of the cause of long-term culture failure by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) confirmed that the expression of intermediate reprogramming markers such as Lin28 and Sall4 was not maintained. Given these results, additional strategies are needed to support the completion of each reprogramming phase to succeed in the conversion of the pluripotent state of pESCs. The present study improve our understanding of pluripotent networks and could be used to aid in the establishment of bona fide pig pluripotent stem cells.LITERATURE REVIEW 1 1. Overview of Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) 2 2. NaΓ―ve and primed pluripotent states 5 3. Pluripotency state conversion 9 4. Phase of reprogramming 13 5. Studies for pESCs 15 INTRODUCTION 16 MATERIALS AND METHODS 22 RESULTS 34 CONCLUSION 56 SUMMARY IN KOREAN 70Maste

    Relationship between task Difficulty and EEG Pattern in Chioce Reaction Tasks

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    [ν˜„μž₯동ν–₯] λŒ€ν•™μƒ μ€‘μ†ŒκΈ°μ—… ν˜„μž₯μ²΄ν—˜ν™œλ™ : κ°•μ˜μ‹€μ—μ„œ μ€‘μ†ŒκΈ°μ—… ν˜„μž₯μ†μœΌλ‘œ

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    1980∼90λ…„λŒ€ λŒ€ν•™κ°€μ— 방학이면 λ§Žμ€ λŒ€ν•™μƒλ“€μ΄ β€œλ†ν™œβ€μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ†μ΄Œν˜„μž₯으둜 λ– λ‚¬μ§€λ§Œ, μš”μ¦ˆμŒ 취업쀀비에 발빠λ₯Έ λŒ€ν•™μƒλ“€μ€ λ°©ν•™μ΄λ©΄β€œμ€‘ν™œβ€μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜μ—¬ μ€‘μ†ŒκΈ°μ—… ν˜„μž₯으둜 κ°€κ³  μžˆλ‹€. β€œμ€‘ν™œβ€ν•˜λ©΄ 아직 μƒμ†Œν•œ 뢄도 μžˆκ² μ§€λ§Œ, λŒ€ν•™μƒλ“€μ—κ²Œβ€œμ€‘μ†ŒκΈ°μ—… ν˜„μž₯μ²΄ν—˜ν™œλ™β€μ˜ μ€€λ§λ‘œ 널리 μ•Œλ €μ§„ κΈ°μ—…ν˜„μž₯ μ²΄ν—˜ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄λ‹€

    ν™•λ₯ μ  μ„€λͺ…에 λŒ€ν•œ 레일튼의 μ—°μ—­ 법칙적 λͺ¨ν˜•μ€ 톡계역학에 적용 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œκ°€?

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : ν˜‘λ™κ³Όμ • 과학사및과학철학전곡, 2014. 8. 쑰인래.μžμ—° ν˜„μƒμ— λŒ€ν•œ 과학적 μ„€λͺ…이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이루어져 μ™”κ³  또 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이루어져야 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” β€˜κ³Όν•™μ  μ„€λͺ…에 λŒ€ν•œ λ¬Έμ œβ€™λŠ” κ³Όν•™μ² ν•™μ˜ 전톡적인 주제 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œμ„œ μ—¬μ „νžˆ 후속 λ…Όμ˜κ°€ μ§„ν–‰λ˜κ³  μžˆμ„ 만큼 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 의미λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλ‹€. κ³Όν•™μ² ν•™μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—¬λŸ¬ μ£Όμ œλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ…Όμ˜μ—μ„œμ™€ 같이 과학적 μ„€λͺ…에 λŒ€ν•œ λ…Όμ˜ μ—­μ‹œ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 이둠이 μΆœν˜„ν•˜κ²Œ 되면 κ·Έ 이둠에 λŒ€ν•œ 문제점이 μ œμ‹œλ˜κ³ , κ·Έ λ¬Έμ œμ μ„ ν•΄μ†Œν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 이둠이 λ“±μž₯ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ „κ°œλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 과학적 μ„€λͺ…에 λŒ€ν•œ λ…Όμ˜λŠ” κ³Όν•™μ² ν•™μ˜ μ„ κ΅¬μž 쀑 ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμΈ ν—΄νŽ μ΄ 과학적 μ„€λͺ…에 λŒ€ν•œ μ—°μ—­ 법칙적 λͺ¨ν˜•, λ‚˜μ•„κ°€ κ·€λ‚© 톡계적 λͺ¨ν˜•μ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 본격적으둜 μ‹œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. 이후 ν•΄λ‹Ή λͺ¨ν˜•μ΄ κ°€μ§€λŠ” λ¬Έμ œμ λ“€μ„ λ‘˜λŸ¬μ‹Ό λ…Όμ˜λ“€μ΄ ν™œλ°œνžˆ μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆκ³  이λ₯Ό λ³΄μ™„ν•˜κ³ μž 과학적 μ„€λͺ…에 λŒ€ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬ λͺ¨ν˜•λ“€μ΄ μƒˆλ‘œμ΄ λ“±μž₯ν•˜μ˜€μ§€λ§Œ, λͺ¨λ“  κ³Όν•™μ² ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ μ˜¨μ „νžˆ λ™μ˜ν• λ§Œν•œ μ™„μ„±λœ λͺ¨ν˜•μ΄ μ œμ‹œλ˜μ§€λŠ” λͺ»ν–ˆλ‹€. 이와 같은 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ λ“±μž₯ν•œ ν™•λ₯ μ  μ„€λͺ…에 λŒ€ν•œ 레일튼의 μ—°μ—­ 법칙적 λͺ¨ν˜•μ€ ν—΄νŽ μ˜ κΈ°μ‘΄ 이둠이 κ°€μ§€λŠ” λ¬Έμ œμ λ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 자유둭고, ν˜„λŒ€ λ¬Όλ¦¬ν•™μ˜ μ£Όμš”ν•œ 좕인 μ–‘μžμ—­ν•™μ„ ν¬κ΄„ν•˜λŠ” μ„€λͺ… μ΄λ‘ μœΌλ‘œμ„œ κ³Όν•™μ² ν•™μž μƒˆλ¨Όμ˜ 극찬을 받을 μ •λ„λ‘œ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆλŠ” 이둠이라 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν•΄λ‹Ή 이둠이 κ°€μ§€λŠ” 철학적 ν•¨μ˜μ™€λŠ” μ–΄μšΈλ¦¬μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ 그에 λŒ€ν•œ 후속 λ…Όμ˜λ“€μ€ 그닀지 ν™œλ°œνžˆ μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λŠ”λ°, 그에 λŒ€ν•œ μ •ν™•ν•œ 이유λ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κΈ°λŠ” νž˜λ“€κ² μ§€λ§Œ 적어도 λ‚˜λŠ” 레일튼의 λͺ¨ν˜•μ΄ κ°€μ§€λŠ” 완전성이 κ·Έ 근거둜 μž‘λ™ν–ˆμ„ κ²ƒμ΄λΌκ³ λŠ” μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€. κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 레일튼의 λͺ¨ν˜•μ€ μ–΄λ–€ μ§€μ μ—μ„œ λΉ„νŒ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œκ°€? 이 논문은 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ 닡을 κ΅¬ν•΄λ³΄λ €λŠ” λ‚˜μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμ˜μ‹μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μΆœλ°œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έλ¬Έμ—μ„œ λ‚˜λŠ” μš°μ„  레일튼의 μ—°μ—­ 법칙적 ν™•λ₯  μ„€λͺ… λͺ¨ν˜•μ— λŒ€ν•œ 뢄석을 톡해 ν•΄λ‹Ή λͺ¨ν˜•μ΄ μ–΄λ–€ ν™•λ₯ μ , μ„€λͺ…λ ₯적 기반 μœ„μ— μ„œμžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„λ³Ό 것이닀. 그런 λ‹€μŒ κ·Έ λͺ¨ν˜•μ„ 톡계역학에 μ μš©ν•΄λ΄„μœΌλ‘œμ¨ κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ 적용 λ²”μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ λ…Όμ˜λ₯Ό μ§„ν–‰ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ”λ°, 결둠적으둜 λ‚˜λŠ” 레일튼의 λͺ¨ν˜•μ΄ λͺ‡λͺ‡ λ¬Έμ œμ μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ·ΈλŸ΄λ“―ν•œ 해결책을 μ œμ‹œν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 이상 톡계역학을 ν¬κ΄„ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμ λ“€μ€ λ³Έλ¬Έμ—μ„œ μžμ„Ένžˆ λ…Όμ˜λ  것이며, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ 이 논문은 ν•œ μ„€λͺ… λͺ¨ν˜•μ— λŒ€ν•œ λΉ„νŒμ μΈ κ²€ν† λ‘œμ„œ λ‚˜λ¦„μ˜ 의미λ₯Ό 가진닀고 ν•  수 μžˆκ² λ‹€.λͺ© μ°¨ 1. μ—¬λŠ” κΈ€ ………………………………………………………………… 1 2. μ—°μ—­ 법칙적 ν™•λ₯  μ„€λͺ… λͺ¨ν˜• ………………………………………… 5 2.1. κΈ°μ‘΄ μ„€λͺ… λͺ¨ν˜•μ˜ ν•œκ³„ ………………………………………… 5 2.2. μ—°μ—­ 법칙적 ν™•λ₯  λͺ¨ν˜•κ³Ό κ·Έ 의의 …………………………… 9 2.2.1. μ—°μ—­ 법칙적 ν™•λ₯  λͺ¨ν˜• ………………………………… 9 2.2.2. 기쑴의 λ¬Έμ œλ“€κ³Ό μ—°μ—­ 법칙적 ν™•λ₯  λͺ¨ν˜• ………………… 15 3. μ—°μ—­ 법칙적 ν™•λ₯  λͺ¨ν˜•μ˜ 기반 ………………………………… 17 3.1. ν™•λ₯ μ  기반 ……………………………………………………… 17 3.1.1. ν™•λ₯ μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬ 해석 ………………………………… 17 3.1.2. μ—°μ—­ 법칙적 ν™•λ₯  λͺ¨ν˜•μ˜ ν™•λ₯ μ  기반 ……………… 21 3.2. μ„€λͺ…λ ₯적 기반 ……………………………………………………… 23 4. μ—°μ—­ 법칙적 ν™•λ₯  λͺ¨ν˜•μ˜ 적용 λ²”μœ„μ— λŒ€ν•œ λΉ„νŒμ  κ³ μ°° ……… 25 4.1. ν™•λ₯  해석과 적용 κ°€λŠ₯μ„± ………………………………… 25 4.2. ν™•λ₯ μ  ν‰λ“±μ£Όμ˜μ™€ ν™•λ₯ μ  μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈμ£Όμ˜ ………………………… 29 4.3. λΉ„κ²°μ •λ‘ κ³Ό 에λ₯΄κ³ λ”• κ°€μ„€ ………………………………… 34 4.3.1. 에λ₯΄κ³ λ”• κ°€μ„€ …………………………………………… 35 4.3.2. 에λ₯΄κ³ λ”• 가섀에 λŒ€ν•œ 결정둠적 μ ‘κ·Ό ………………… 39 4.4. μ–‘μžν†΅κ³„μ—­ν•™ ……………………………………………………… 44 5. λ§ΊλŠ” κΈ€ ……………………………………………………………… 46 μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ ……………………………………………………………… 48 Abstract ……………………………………………………………… 50Maste
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