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    ์„ ๋ฐ• ์ถ”์ง„์ถ•๊ณ„์˜ ์„ ๋ฏธ๊ด€ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ๋ฐœ์—ด ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ถ”์ง„์ถ•๊ณ„ ๋ฐœ์—ด์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํžˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ™”ํ•™์ œํ’ˆ ์šด๋ฐ˜์„ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์—ด์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋“ค์ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด์กฐ์„ ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ข…๋ž˜์˜ ์ถ•๊ณ„์ •๋ ฌ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์†์ƒ์€ ํ›„๋ถ€ ์„ ๋ฏธ๊ด€ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง์˜ ๋๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๊ณผ๋‹คํ•œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง์ด ๋งˆ๋ฉธ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ์— ์ถ•๊ณ„์ •๋ ฌ์€ ํ›„๋ถ€ ์„ ๋ฏธ๊ด€ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง์˜ ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ์™„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋œ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ›„๋ถ€ ์„ ๋ฏธ๊ด€ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง์€ ์ถ•๊ณ„ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ์ž์ฒด์˜ ์ •๋ ฌ์ด ์„ ๊ธ‰ํ˜‘ํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง์„ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋ณด๋งํ•˜์—ฌ ํ›„๋ถ€ ์„ ๋ฏธ๊ด€ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง์˜ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์ถ”์ง„์ถ•๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ผ์ง์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ ๋ฅด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„์ถ• ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง์˜ ์ด์ƒ๋งˆ๋ฉธ, ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ถ• ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง์˜ ๋ฌด๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ƒํƒœ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์—ด, ๊ฐ์†์น˜์ฐจ ์น˜์˜ ๋งˆ๋ฉธ, ํŒŒ์† ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ถ•๊ณ„์ •๋ ฌ์˜ ์ด๋ก ํ•ด์„์€ ์ง์„  ์ •๋ ฌ ๋•Œ์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์ง€์ง€ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง์„ ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋†’์ด๋งŒํผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๋•Œ์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘๋ณ€ํ™”๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ‰, ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง์˜ ์ •๋ ฌ์„ ์ˆ˜์ง ๋ฐ ์ „ํ›„๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์—ฐ๊ณก์„ ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ ฌ์ด์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„ ์ฒด ์ ์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‘”๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ถ”์ง„์ถ•๊ณ„ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์€ ์ข…์ข… ๋ฉ”์ธ ์—”์ง„์˜ ์˜จ๋„์ฐจ, ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ์ง€์ง€๋ถ€์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ์„ ์ฒด๋ณ€ํ˜•, ์ถ”์ง„์ถ•๊ณ„์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •๋ ฌ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ ํ•˜ํ•˜์ค‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ ์ฒด ๋ณ€ํ˜•์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ •์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์ด ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์šดํ•ญ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์ถ”์ง„์ถ•๊ณ„์˜ ๋™์  ๊ฑฐ๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ•๊ณ„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ ๋ฐ• ๊ฑด์กฐ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ถ•๊ณ„ ๋ฐœ์—ด์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ œ์ž‘ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ธด ํ”„๋กœํŽ ๋Ÿฌ, ์ƒคํ”„ํŠธ, ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง์„ ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์กฐ์„ ์†Œ์— ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™์ œํ’ˆ ์šด๋ฐ˜์„ ์˜ ์‹ค์„  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์—ด์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์›์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์žฌ๋ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์‹ค์ œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์น˜์™€ ์žญ-์—…(jack up)๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์ธกํ•œ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ถ•๊ณ„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์˜ ์ ์ ˆ์„ฑ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”ํ›„ ์œ ์‚ฌ ์„ ์ข…์˜ ์ถ•๊ณ„์ •๋ ฌ์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™์ผ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฐœ์—ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ถ”์ง„์ถ•๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐœ์š” 3 2.1 ์ถ•๊ณ„๋ฐฐ์น˜์™€ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณ„์ˆ˜ 3 2.2 ์ถ•๊ณ„๋ฐฐ์น˜์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  3 2.3 ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ถ”์ง„์ถ•๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฌธ์ œ 5 2.4 ์ถ”์ง„์ถ•๊ณ„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ 7 2.5 ์ถ”์ง„์ถ•๊ณ„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ณ„์‚ฐ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์™€ ์˜๋ฏธ 8 2.5.1 ์ถ•๊ณ„์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ 8 2.5.2 ์ถ•๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰ 8 2.5.3 ์ถ•๊ณ„๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ ๊ฒ€ 9 2.5.4 ์ถ”์ง„์ถ•๊ณ„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ณ„์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 9 2.6 ์ถ•๊ณ„์ •๋ ฌ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ 11 ์ œ3์žฅ ์œ ํ•œ์š”์†Œ๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ถ•๊ณ„ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ณ„์‚ฐ ์ด๋ก  13 3.1 ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์‹์˜ ์œ ๋„ 13 3.1.1 ํšกํ•˜์ค‘๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ถ€๋“ฑ ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋ณด์˜ ์ ˆ์  ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ 13 3.1.2 ํšกํ•˜์ค‘๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ณด์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค 16 3.1.3 ํšกํ•˜์ค‘๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋ถ€๋“ฑ๋‹จ๋ฉด๋ณด ์ ˆ์ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์˜ ํ•ด๋ฒ• 17 3.1.4 ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณ„์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ 19 3.2 ์ถ”์ง„์ถ•๊ณ„์˜ ์ตœ์ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• (์ตœ์ ํ™” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜) 21 3.2.1 ์ถ•๊ณ„์˜ ์ตœ์ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๊ณ„์‚ฐ 22 3.2.2 ์ถ•๊ณ„์˜ ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ 23 3.2.3 ์„ ํ˜•๊ณ„ํš๋ฌธ์ œ 23 3.3 ๊ฐญ(gap)๊ณผ ์ƒ‰(sag)์˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ 26 3.4 ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ • 29 3.5 ์žญ-์—…๋ฒ•(jack-up)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ์˜ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜์ค‘ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 31 3.6 ์žญ-์—…๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ๋ฐ˜๋ ฅ ๊ณ„์ธก ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 32 ์ œ4์žฅ ์‹ค์„  ์ถ•๊ณ„ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ง ๋ฐœ์—ด์‚ฌ๊ณ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 34 4.1 ์‹ค์„  ์ถ•๊ณ„ ๋ฐœ์—ด์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์ถ”์ •์›์ธ ๋ถ„์„ 37 4.1.1 ์ถ•๊ณ„์ •๋ ฌ ์ž‘์—… ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ 37 4.1.2 VGP ์ ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ค์ผ ์ ์šฉ 53 4.1.3 ์„ ๋ฐ•์„ ์šฐํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํšŒ์ „ ์‹œ 60 4.2 ์ถ•๊ณ„ ๋ฐœ์—ด์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์žฌ๋ฐœ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ๋Œ€์ฑ… 68 4.2.1 ์ถ•๊ณ„์ •๋ ฌ ์ž‘์—… ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ 68 4.2.2 VGP ์ ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ค์ผ ์ ์šฉ 70 4.2.3 ์„ ๋ฐ•์„ ์šฐํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํšŒ์ „ ์‹œ 75 ์ œ5์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  77 ์ฐธ๊ณ  ๋ฌธํ—Œ 7

    ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ œ๋„์™€์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ฒ•๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฒ•ํ•™๊ณผ,2020. 2. ์ตœ๊ณ„์˜.Recently, conflicts of interest involving members of parliament and senior office holders have been the subject of public concern. The pursuit of private interests over public interests in situations of conflict of interest undermines the integrity of the civil service as a whole and reduces public trust in government. This study showed that recent conflicts of interest in Korea have been able to occur because of the absence of a legal system for the regulation of conflicts of interest. In Korea, there is no generally accepted normative measure that effectively manages conflicts of interest among public office holders. Other mechanisms that are currently in force, including the Public Service Ethics Act and the Code of Conduct for Public Officials, do not function or serve as general norms for the regulation of conflicts of interest. To address this issue, the 19th National Assembly tried to enact legislation to regulate conflicts of interest among public office holders. However, due to a lack of careful preparation of the legislation, public concern about the system of regulation, and problems in some parts of the bill, the legislative body failed to pass the legislation. Since the failed attempts at the 19th National Assembly, the government and the National Assembly haves continued attempts to improve the regulation of conflicts of interest among public office holders. This study focuses on the conflicts of interest regulation system in Canada which ranks among the top 10 in the world according to the Corruption Perceptions Index and continues to work to strengthen its regulations. Based on an examination of the Canadian system, this paper suggests that it is necessary to make hard law and sets out the optimal methods and direction. In the light of the history and characteristics of the Canadian conflict of interest regulation system and the specific content of the Canadian Conflict of Interest Act of 2006, Korea should consider a number of steps to establish regulation addressing conflicts of interest. First, from the perspective of comparative law, it would be more effective to enact independent legislation than to amend the current the Improper Solicitation and Graft Act. Second, it is necessary to reinforce the obligations applied to public office holders in the sense of emphasizing their qualities as general norms covering all of civil society. Third, regulatory measures and coercion methods should be adopted as part of a comprehensive conflict of interest regulation system; to this end, a review is needed to determine the applicability to Korea of elements of the system that supports the implementation of Canada's Conflict of Interest Act of 2006. Fourth, given the opportunity that members of Congress have to pursue private interests and the size of these interests, members of Congress should be included as a subject of the regulation. In addition, after the enactment of the hard law, the government needs to revise legislation to allow the Conflict of Interest Prevention Act to function as a general mechanism, by adjusting and integrating the systems for regulating conflicts of interest that are scattered in other measures.์ตœ๊ทผ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญํšŒ์˜์›๊ณผ ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ณต์ง์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์ ์ด์ต์— ์šฐ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์ต์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ๊ณต์ง์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒญ๋ ด์„ฑ์„ ํ›ผ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ฏธ๋น„์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ณต์ง์‚ฌํšŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ทœ์œจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต์ง์ž ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ใ€Œ๊ณต์ง์ž์œค๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•ใ€, ใ€Œ๊ณต๋ฌด์› ํ–‰๋™๊ฐ•๋ นใ€์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์—ฌํƒ€์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ น๋“ค์€ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ทœ๋ฒ”์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€๋‚œ 19๋Œ€ ๊ตญํšŒ๋Š” ๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์ œ์ •์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ์ค€๋น„ ๋ถ€์กฑ, ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ, ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ž…๋ฒ•์ด ์ขŒ์ ˆ๋œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋‚œ 19๋Œ€ ๊ตญํšŒ์˜ ์ž…๋ฒ• ์‹œ๋„์™€ ์ขŒ์ ˆ ์ดํ›„ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๊ตญํšŒ๋Š” ๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ทœ๋ฒ”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ๋ฒ•ํ™” ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์— ๋ถ€ํŒจ์ธ์‹์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ 10์œ„๊ถŒ ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ •๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์†์  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„์  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ฐฉ์‹œํ‚จ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์˜ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ๋ฒ•ํ™” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ์ œ๋„์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ํŠน์ง• ๋ฐ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ใ€Œ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฒ•ใ€์˜๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ๋ฒ•ํ™” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ˜„ํ–‰ ใ€Œ๋ถ€์ •์ฒญํƒ ๋ฐ ๊ธˆํ’ˆ๋“ฑ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธˆ์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ใ€์„ ๊ฐœ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—๋‹ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๋ณด๋‹ค ๋…๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ž…๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์  ๊ด€์ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‹œ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๊ณต์ง์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ทœ๋ฒ”์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์˜๋ฌด์กฐํ•ญ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋‹ด์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ œ๋„์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทœ์ œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์ œ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ใ€Œ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฒ•ใ€์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ธ ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต์ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์—†๋Š”์ง€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ์‚ฌ์ต์„ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ๋นˆ๋„๋‚˜ ์ •๋„ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ •๋ฌด์ง ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์„ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ์ ์šฉ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋กœ ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ตญํšŒ์˜์›์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณ ์œ„๊ณต์ง์ž์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผœ ๊ทœ์œจํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ๋ฒ•ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ๋ฒ• ์ œ์ • ์ดํ›„ ์—ฌํƒ€์˜ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์— ์‚ฐ์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ œ๋„๋“ค์„ ์กฐ์ •ยทํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ œ์ •๋ฒ•์ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ทœ๋ฒ”์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ œ์ •๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 5 ์ œ1์žฅ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ์˜ ์˜์˜์™€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ œ๋„์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 7 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ์˜ ์˜์˜ 7 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 10 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ œ๋„์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 12 I. ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์  12 II. ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ๋ฒ•ํ™” ์‹œ๋„์™€ ์‹คํŒจ 17 1. ์ •๋ถ€ ์ œ์ถœ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 17 2. ๊ตญํšŒ ์ •๋ฌด์œ„์›ํšŒ ์‹ฌ์˜๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋“ค 19 3. ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ๋ฒ•ํ™” ์‹คํŒจ ํ›„ ์ „๊ฐœ๊ณผ์ • 24 ์ œ2์žฅ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ œ๋„ 27 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๋ณ€์ฒœ ๊ณผ์ • 27 I. ์—ฐ์„ฑ๋ฒ•(soft law) ์‹œ๊ธฐ 27 1. ์ง€์นจ(guideline)์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ 27 2. ๊ฐ•๋ น(code)์˜ ์ œ์ • 29 3. ๊ฐ•๋ น ์ œ์ • ํ›„ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ๋ฒ•ํ™” ์ „๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ 30 II. ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜ 33 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ œ๋„์˜ ํŠน์ง• 35 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ 38 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ใ€Œ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฒ•ใ€์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 40 I. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 40 II. ์ ์šฉ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž 41 III. ๊ทœ์œจ๋‚ด์šฉ 42 1. ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์˜๋ฌด ์กฐํ•ญ 42 2. ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ๋„๋“ค 44 3. ๊ด€ํ• ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋…๊ด€์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์—ญํ•  53 4. ํ–‰์ •์‹œํ–‰์ผ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌํ•ญ 54 ์ œ3์žฅ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ๋ฒ•ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์ƒ ์Ÿ์  57 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ 57 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ณต์ง์ž ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ๋ฒ•ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ 58 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋น„๊ต๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ˆ๊ณ ์•ˆ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 62 I. ๋น„๊ต๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์„ ์ • 62 II. ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ˆ๊ณ ์•ˆ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 64 1. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ด์น™๊ทœ์ • 64 2. ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ๋„ 65 3. ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๊ทœ์ • 67 4. ์ฒญํƒ๊ธˆ์ง€๋ฒ• ์›์•ˆ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์  68 ์ œ4์ ˆ ๊ณต์ง์ž ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ๋ฒ•ํ™” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 69 I. ๋น„๊ต๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ 69 II. ์ž…๋ฒ•๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ๋ฒ•ํ™” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 70 III. ์ž…๋ฒ•๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ๋ฒ•ํ™” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 74 1. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์˜๋ฌด์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 74 2. ๊ทœ์ œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๊ณผ ๊ฐ•์ œ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ 76 3. ์ •๋ฌด์ง ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์˜ ์ ์šฉ๋ฌธ์ œ 82 IV. ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ •๋น„์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 84 ์ œ4์žฅ ์š”์•ฝ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ์–ด 86 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 91 Abstract 95Maste

    A study on the regulation of conflict of interest in public life

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋ฒ•๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฒ•ํ•™๊ณผ, 2023. 2. ์ตœ๊ณ„์˜.์ผ์ฐ์ด ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋Š” ์‹ ํƒ์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏผ๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ค„์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต์ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ง๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต์ต๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ต ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ์ผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ œ์ •์„ ์ด‰๊ตฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ œ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•œ๊ตญ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํฐ ํ๋ฆ„์— ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€ํŒจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ณผ์ • ์ค‘ ๊ณต์ง์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๋Š” ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์  ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ์€ ๊ณต์ต๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ต ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์œ„๋ฒ• ๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋‹น๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋‹น์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ์˜จ๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜ค์ธ์€ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ ์–ด๋„ ๊ณต๋ฒ•ํ•™์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ดˆ๋ž˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜์‹์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๋ฒ•์ œ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ฒ•๋ฐฉ์‹, ๊ทœ์ œ๋‚ด์šฉ, ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ๋ณด๋ฉด ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์ œ์— ์‹œ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง€์ ์„ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ์ž…๋ฒ•๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฌด ๋ถ€์ฒ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๏ฝข๊ณต์ง์ž์œค๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•๏ฝฃ๊ณผ ๏ฝข๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฒ•๏ฝฃ์„ ์ด์›ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ฒ”์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชฉ์ ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์„ ์ด์›ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ œ๋Š” ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋ฌผ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฒ•์ œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฒ”์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘๋ณต๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๊ฐœ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ  ์œ ๊ถŒํ•ด์„์˜ ํ†ต์ผ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„ํ–‰ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ผ์›ํ™”ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๏ฝข๊ณต์ง์ž์œค๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•๏ฝฃ๊ณผ ๏ฝข๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฒ•๏ฝฃ์˜ ์ค‘๋ณต๊ทœ์ œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•ด์†Œ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„ํ–‰ ๏ฝข๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฒ•๏ฝฃ์˜ ๋ฒ•๋ช… ์ค‘ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ๊ณต์ง์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ์€ ๋ฐฉ์ง€์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋Š” ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ค‘ ๋งค๊ฐ์ œ๋„๋‚˜ ๋ฐฑ์ง€์‹ ํƒ ์ œ๋„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€, ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ œ๋„์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์•„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ˜„ํ–‰ ๏ฝข๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฒ•๏ฝฃ์€ ๏ฝข๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฒ•๏ฝฃ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ–ฅํ›„ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ œ์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ์„ ์ถœ์ง ๊ณต์ง์ž๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž๋กœ์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง๋ฌด์ƒ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ž…๋ฒ•๋ถ€ ๊ณต์ง์ž๋Š” ์ž์œ  ์œ„์ž„์˜ ์›์น™์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง๋ฌด์ƒ ๊ณต๊ณผ(ๅŠŸ้Ž)์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์žฌ์‹ ์ž„์„ ๋ฐ›์Œ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ •์น˜์  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์›์น™์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ํ˜„ํ–‰ ๋ฒ•์ œ, ํŠนํžˆ ๏ฝข๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฒ•๏ฝฃ์€ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€ ๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ์ง๋ฌด ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒ•์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋น„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ ์ถœ์ง ๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ์ง๋ฌด ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ์ถœ์ง ๊ณต์ง์ž์™€ ๋น„์„ ์ถœ์ง ๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ์—์„œ ๏ฝข๊ตญํšŒ๋ฒ•๏ฝฃ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์˜ ์‹œ๋„๋Š” ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ค‘ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์ œ์˜ ์ฃผ์‹๋งค๊ฐ๏ฝฅ๋ฐฑ์ง€์‹ ํƒ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ธˆ์•ก์„ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ์ง„์ž…์žฅ๋ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ง๋ฌด ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ ํŒ๋‹จ์€ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์ œ ์š”๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฒ•์ œ ์šด์šฉ์€ ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ด๋ก€์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋ณธ๋ž˜ ์ทจ์ง€์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ง๋ฌด ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ์ผ์ฐจ์  ์š”๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ, ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ธˆ์•ก์€ ๋ถ€์ฐจ์  ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์žฌ์‚ฐ๋“ฑ๋ก์ œ๋„ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ณต๊ฐœ์— ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์žฌ์‚ฐํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž…์ฒด์  ๊ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์ด ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์ œ๋Š” ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์  ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ๊ณผ ํ–‰์ •์งˆ์„œ๋ฒŒ์— ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ฒ•์ œ ์šด์šฉ์˜ ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜์—ญ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ–‰์ •์  ์ œ์žฌ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ๋ชจ์ƒ‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ํ‡ด์ง๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ์ทจ์—…๏ฝฅํ™œ๋™ ์ œํ•œ์˜ ์œ„๋ฐ˜ํ–‰์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜ ํ‡ด์ง๊ธˆ์„ ์‚ญ๊ฐํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ ์ž…๋ฒ•๋ก€๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์ œ์˜ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํ˜•์‚ฌ์  ์ œ์žฌ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์„ ํ–‰์ •์  ์ œ์žฌ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.It can be seen that the regulation of conflicts of interest began to be dealt with according to the legal principle of trust in the judicial realm, such as civil law or commercial law, and gradually moved to the public realm. Attempts to pay attention to and resolve conflicts between the public and private interests of those who perform public duties in the public domain have a long history, but attempts to approach them theoretically, analyze them systematically, and prepare systems to manage them are relatively recent. International organizations and major countries around the world are demanding, or actually enacting, norms to regulate conflicts of interest, and Korea is participating in this wider trend. It is very important to prevent corruption by preemptively regulating conflicts of interest faced by public officials during the course of corruption. In the public domain, there is a tendency to see conflicts of interest in a negative light, but conflicts of interest are conflicts between public and private interests, and seeing them in terms of legal versus illegal or just versus unjust cannot be considered fair. The misperception of conflicts of interest makes it difficult to establish a policy direction to regulate conflicts of interest. At least from the perspective of public law, it is necessary to distinguish between conflicts of interest and the actions of public officials that result from them. Based on this awareness of the problem, by comparatively examining the conflict of interest laws of major countries in terms of legislative methods, regulatory content, and means of securing effectiveness, several points can be identified relevant to Korean legislation. First, in terms of legislative method, the Korean legislative system is operated by dualizing the ๏ฝขPublic Service Ethics Act๏ฝฃ and the ๏ฝขAct on The Prevention of Conflict of Interest Related to duties of Public Servants๏ฝฃ, which come under the jurisdiction of different departments. However, laws that dualize and operate hard norms for the same purpose targeting the same perpetrators, such as the Korean law, are comparatively rare. These laws increase the probability of overlapping regulations applying to offenders, hinder the unification of authoritative interpretation, and reduce the efficiency of institutional improvement. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate and unify the two current laws. The overlapping regulations of the ๏ฝขPublic Service Ethics Act๏ฝฃ and the ๏ฝขAct on The Prevention of Conflict of Interest Related to duties of Public Servants๏ฝฃ need to be urgently resolved. The word prevention in the current ๏ฝขAct on The Prevention of Conflict of Interest Related to duties of Public Servants๏ฝฃ is not appropriate, so it needs to be revised. If conflicts of interest are viewed as a special situation faced by public officials, it is more appropriate to regard conflicts of interest as targets to be managed or regulated rather than prevented. Prevention is a term that can be used in some remedies that block the possibility of a conflict of interest before it occurs, such as a divestiture or a blind trust among regulations for conflicts of interest, but it has limitations in describing other conflicts of interest remedies. Since regulation is a concept that includes management in a broad sense, it is desirable to revise the current ๏ฝขAct on The Prevention of Conflict of Interest Related to duties of Public Servants๏ฝฃ to the ๏ฝขAct on The Regulation of Conflict of Interest Related to duties of Public Servants๏ฝฃ, which is a matter for consideration in the enactment of the integrated law in the future. Elected public officials, as representatives of the people, have various interests in the overall state affairs. In particular, it is a principle that public officials in the legislative branch assume political responsibility by receiving re-confidence regarding the merits and demerits of their duties according to the principle of free delegation.The current legislation in Korea, in particular the ๏ฝขAct on The Prevention of Conflict of Interest Related to duties of Public Servants๏ฝฃ, was reorganized around the duty characteristics of public officials in the administration and was prepared without sufficient consideration of the duty characteristics of elected officials. Therefore, considering the separation of norms, it is necessary to try an approach that discriminates between elected and non-elected public officials, and in this respect, some discriminatory approaches in the ๏ฝขNational Assembly Act๏ฝฃ can be evaluated positively. According to conflict of interest regulations, the stock divestiture and blank trust remedies under Korean legislation sets a standard amount as a barrier to entry into one regulation, while the judgment of job relevance is considered to be a requirement for exclusion from regulation. Since the operation of such a legal system is very unusual in terms of comparative law and does not correspond to the original purpose of the system, it is necessary to convert duty relevance to a primary requirement and the standard amount to a secondary factor. The property registration system is also focused on disclosing the current property of public officials, so various matters of interest that can be monitored in three dimensions, including the process of property formation, should be made public. The Korean legal system relies too heavily on criminal punishment and administrative order punishment as a means of securing effectiveness. This is a factor that reduces the effectiveness of legal operation by imposing sanctions that do not conform to the content of the conflict of interest regulation. Therefore, various means of administrative sanctions that meet the characteristics of individual conflicts of interest regulation areas must be sought. For example, foreign legislative precedents that allow pensions or severance pay to be reduced for violations of restrictions on employment and activities of retired public officials can be referred to. In addition, work should be carried out in parallel in the Korean legal system to convert unnecessary criminal sanctions into administrative sanctions.์„œ๋ก  1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 3 ์ œ1์žฅ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ์˜ ์˜์˜์™€ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  5 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํŒจ 5 โ… . ๋„์ž… 5 โ…ก. ๋ถ€ํŒจ์˜ ์˜์˜์™€ ์›์ธ 7 1. ๋ฌธ์ œ์  7 2. ๊ฐœ๋… 8 3. ๋ถ€ํŒจ์˜ ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ฑ… 12 โ…ข. ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํŒจ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 14 1. ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ์˜ ์ดํ•ด 14 2. ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ด€๊ณ„ 16 3. ์ œ๋„์„ค๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ฃผ์˜์  17 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ฐœ๋… 19 โ… . ๋…ผ์˜์˜ ์ „์ œ 19 โ…ก. ์ดํ•ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์ต์˜ ์˜์˜ 22 1. ๊ณต์ต์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 23 2. ์‚ฌ์ต์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ 26 โ…ข. ๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ์˜์˜ 27 1. ๋ฌธ์ œ์  27 2. ๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 29 (1) ์Ÿ์  29 (2) ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 31 (3) ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—… ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 32 (4) ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์ œ์™€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 33 3. ๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ๊ณต์ต ์ถ”๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด 40 (1) ์Ÿ์  40 (2) ํ—Œ๋ฒ•์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ 41 (3) ์ฃผ์ธ๏ฝฅ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ธ ์ด๋ก  43 4. ๊ณ ์œ„์ง ๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 45 (1) ์Ÿ์  46 (2) ๋ฒ•์ œ ๋น„๊ต 47 (3) ํ‰๊ฐ€ 52 5. ์„ ์ถœ์ง ๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 52 (1) ์Ÿ์  53 (2) ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 54 (3) ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 58 (4) ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  60 โ…ฃ. ์ถฉ๋Œ์˜ ์˜์˜ 65 1. ๋ฌธ์ œ์  65 2. ์˜์˜ 65 (1) ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํŒจ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ 65 (2) ๊ฐœ๋… 67 3. ๋ฒ•์ œ ๋น„๊ต 71 (1) ์Ÿ์  71 (2) ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 72 (3) ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 75 4. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 76 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  77 โ… . ๋„์ž… 77 โ…ก. ๋ชฉ์  78 1. ๋ถ€ํŒจ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ 78 2. ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ์˜ ํ™•๋ณด 79 โ…ข. ํŠน์ง• 80 1. ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๊ทœ๋ฒ” 80 2. ๋ฒ•์ •๋ฒ”์˜ ํ–‰์œ„๊ทœ๋ฒ” 83 โ…ฃ. ๋ฒ•์ œ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๊ทœ์ • 85 1. ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 85 (1) ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ 85 (2) ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ 86 2. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 88 (1) ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์ „๊ฐœ ๊ณผ์ • 88 (2) ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์˜ ๋ชฉ์  91 3. ํ‰๊ฐ€ 92 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ์ž…๋ฒ•๋ฐฉ์‹ 94 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ 94 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ์„ฑ๊ทœ๋ฒ”(่ปŸๆ€ง่ฆ็ฏ„)๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ๊ทœ๋ฒ”(็กฌๆ€ง่ฆ็ฏ„) 95 โ… . ๋„์ž… 95 โ…ก. ์ž…๋ฒ• ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 96 1. ์ „ํ†ต์  ๊ฒฌํ•ด 96 (1) ๋ช…๋ น์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•ฉ 96 (2) ๋น„๋ก€์›์น™์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ 99 (3) ์ž…๋ฒ•๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ 101 (4) ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€ 102 2. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฌํ•ด 103 (1) ์Ÿ์  103 (2) ๋ช…๋ น์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ 104 (3) ๋น„๋ก€์›์น™์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉ 105 (4) ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๋‚œ์ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ทน๋ณต ๋…ผ๊ฑฐ 106 3. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 108 โ…ข. ์—ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ์˜ ์„ ํƒ ๋ฌธ์ œ 109 1. ๋ฌธ์ œ์  109 2. ๊ฐœ๋… 109 (1) ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 109 (2) ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์—์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ 111 3. ์—ฐ์„ฑ ์ž…๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ์ž…๋ฒ•์˜ ์ฐจ์ด 112 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์ž…๋ฒ•๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ์Ÿ์  113 โ… . ๋„์ž… 113 โ…ก. ๋…์ž์  ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž…๋ฒ•๋ฐฉ์‹ 114 โ…ข. ๊ณต์ง์ž๋ณ„ ์ž…๋ฒ•๋ฐฉ์‹ 115 ์ œ4์ ˆ ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 116 โ… . ๋„์ž… 116 โ…ก. ๋ฒ•์ œ ๋น„๊ต 118 1. ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 118 (1) ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 118 (2) ์˜๊ตญ 122 (3) ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค 125 (4) ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค 127 (5) ๋…์ผ 129 (6) ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 130 (7) ์ข…ํ•ฉ 131 2. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 132 ์ œ5์ ˆ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  134 โ… . ๋„์ž… 134 โ…ก. ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 136 โ…ข. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์กฐํ•ญ์˜ ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋ฐฉ์ง€๊ถŒ์ต์œ„๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ „ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 137 โ…ฃ. ๋ฒ•๋ช…์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 139 โ…ค. ์„ ์ถœ์ง ๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ 140 ์ œ3์žฅ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ 142 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ 142 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฐฉ์‹ 143 โ… . ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹ 143 1. ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต์  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ 143 2. ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋ฐฉ์‹, ์•ฝํ™”๋ฐฉ์‹, ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์‹ 144 3. ์ •๋ถ€ ๋‚ด์  ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ์ •๋ถ€ ์™ธ์  ๋ฐฉ์‹ 147 4. ์ œ์žฌ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฐฉ์‹ 149 โ…ก. ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 149 1. ๋ถ„์„ 149 2. ํ‰๊ฐ€ 151 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ 153 โ… . ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ์˜ ์ œ๊ฑฐ 153 1. ๋งค๊ฐ 154 (1) ์˜์˜ 154 (2) ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 156 (3) ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 160 2. ๋ฐฑ์ง€์‹ ํƒ 162 (1) ์˜์˜ 162 (2) ์œ ํ˜• 164 (3) ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 165 (4) ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 169 3. ๊ฒธ์ง๊ธˆ์ง€ 171 (1) ์˜์˜ 171 (2) ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 172 (3) ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 178 4. ํ‡ด์ง๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ์ทจ์—…๏ฝฅํ™œ๋™ ์ œํ•œ 180 (1) ์˜์˜ 180 (2) ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 182 (3) ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 188 โ…ก. ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ์˜ ์•ฝํ™” 190 1. ๋ฌธ์ œ์  190 2. ํšŒํ”ผ 191 (1) ์˜์˜ 191 (2) ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 192 (3) ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 195 3. ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ฑ„์šฉ๏ฝฅ์‚ฌ์  ๊ณ„์•ฝ์ฒด๊ฒฐ ์ œํ•œ 196 (1) ์˜์˜ 196 (2) ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 197 (3) ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 200 4. ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ด์ต์ทจ๋“ ๊ธˆ์ง€ 202 (1) ์˜์˜ 202 (2) ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 203 (3) ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 205 5. ์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜• 206 โ…ข. ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ 207 1. ๋ฌธ์ œ์  207 2. ์žฌ์‚ฐ ์‹ ๊ณ ๏ฝฅ๋“ฑ๋ก๏ฝฅ๊ณตํ‘œ 210 (1) ์˜์˜ 210 (2) ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 211 (3) ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 216 3. ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ์‹ ๊ณ ๏ฝฅ๋“ฑ๋ก๏ฝฅ๊ณตํ‘œ 218 (1) ์˜์˜ 218 (2) ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 219 (3) ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 222 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  225 โ… . ๋„์ž… 225 โ…ก. ์ค‘๋ณต๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ํ•ด์†Œ 226 1. ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์  ๋ถ„์„ 226 2. ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์ œ์— ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  230 โ…ข. ๋งค๊ฐ๏ฝฅ๋ฐฑ์ง€์‹ ํƒ ์š”๊ฑด์˜ ์žฌ์„ค์ • 232 1. ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์  ๋ถ„์„ 232 2. ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์ œ์— ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  234 โ…ฃ. ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ฑ„์šฉ๏ฝฅ์‚ฌ์  ๊ณ„์•ฝ ๊ธˆ์ง€์˜ ๊ฐœ์„  236 1. ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์  ๋ถ„์„ 236 2. ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์ œ์— ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  237 โ…ค. ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ™” ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™” 240 1. ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์  ๋ถ„์„ 240 2. ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์ œ์— ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  242 ์ œ4์žฅ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด ์ˆ˜๋‹จ 245 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ฐœ๊ด€ 245 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 246 โ… . ๋„์ž… 246 โ…ก. ์œ ํ˜• 247 1. ํ˜•์‚ฌ์  ์ œ์žฌ 247 2. ํ–‰์ •์  ์ œ์žฌ 249 (1) ์Ÿ์  249 (2) ๊ธˆ์ „์  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ 250 (3) ๋น„๊ธˆ์ „์  ์ˆ˜๋‹จ 251 โ…ข. ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ตฌ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์Ÿ์  253 1. ํ˜•์‚ฌ์  ์ œ์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ œ 253 2. ํ–‰์ •์  ์ œ์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ œ 254 (1) ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ 254 (2) ํ–‰์ •์งˆ์„œ๋ฒŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ œ 256 (3) ํ–‰์ •์Ÿ์†ก์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ œ 257 โ…ฃ. ํ‰๊ฐ€ 263 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋น„๊ต๋ฒ•์  ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 265 โ… . ๋„์ž… 265 โ…ก. ์™ธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ฒ•์ œ 266 1. ๋ฏธ๊ตญ 266 2. ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค 268 3. ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค 270 4. ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ 271 โ…ข. ํ•œ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์ œ 273 1. ๊ณต์ง์ž์œค๋ฆฌ๋ฒ• 273 2. ๊ณต์ง์ž์˜ ์ดํ•ด์ถฉ๋Œ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฒ• 276 3. ํ‰๊ฐ€ 278 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  281 โ… . ๋„์ž… 281 โ…ก. ํ˜•์‚ฌ์  ์ œ์žฌ์˜ ํ–‰์ •์  ์ œ์žฌ๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜ 282 1. ๋ฌธ์ œ์  282 2. ์ „ํ™˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์กฐํ•ญ 283 3. ์ „ํ™˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ํฐ ์กฐํ•ญ 285 4. ์†Œ๊ฒฐ 286 โ…ข. ํ–‰์ •์  ์ œ์žฌ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ™” 287 ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  290 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 293 Abstract 303๋ฐ•

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    Expression and Role of the System L Amino Acid Transporter in FOB Human Osteoblast Cells

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    ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ •์ƒ ๊ณจ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ FOB์—์„œ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์†ก๊ณ„ L์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋ฐ ์ด๋“ค ์ˆ˜์†ก๊ณ„ L์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์†กํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, FOB ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ RT-PCR, western blot ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ uptake ์‹คํ—˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. FOB ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์†ก๊ณ„ L์˜ ๋‘ ์•„ํ˜•์ธ LAT1, LAT2๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ณด์กฐ์ธ์ž 4F2hc์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. FOB ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ Lโˆ’leucine_{L}-leucine์˜ ์ˆ˜์†ก์€ -๋น„์˜์กด์ ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. FOB ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ Lโˆ’leucine_{L}-leucine์˜ ์ˆ˜์†ก์€ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์†ก๊ณ„ L์˜ ์„ ํƒ์  ์–ต์ œ์ œ์ธ BCH์— ์˜ํ•ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. FOB ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•œ L-leucine์ˆ˜์†ก์–ต์ œ ์‹คํ—˜๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” Xenopus oocyte์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜์–ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด์ง„ LAT1๊ณผ LAT2 ์ˆ˜์†ก์–ต์ œ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ •์ƒ ๊ณจ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์ฃผ์ธ FOB์—์„œ ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋ฐ ์ฆ์‹์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์„ฑ ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜์†ก์— ์•„๋ฏธ๋…ธ์‚ฐ ์ˆ˜์†ก๊ณ„ L์˜ ๋‘ ์•„ํ˜•์ธ LAT1๊ณผ LAT2๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.๋ณด๊ฑด๋ณต์ง€๋ถ€ ๋ณด๊ฑด์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ง„ํฅ์‚ฌ์—…(A050142

    THE EFFECT OF ALTERED FUNCTIONAL FORCE ON THE EXPRESSION OF SPECIFIC MRNAS IN THE DEVELOPING MOUSE MANDIBLE

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    ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ผˆ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ, ์œ ์ง€ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์กฐ ์ด์™ธ์—๋„ ์น˜์•„์ด๋™, ๊ต์ •์น˜๋ฃŒ, ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ ์•…๊ต์ •์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์น˜์ฃผ์ธ๋Œ€์„ธํฌ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋“ฑ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ•˜์•…๊ณผ๋‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ICR ์ƒ์ฅ๋ฅผ 8์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ soft-diet์™€ hard-diet์˜ ์‹์ด ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ํŠน์ด ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ subtractive hybridization, northern ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ mRNA in-situ hybidization ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. Soft-diet๊ตฐ๊ณผ hard-diet๊ตฐ์˜ subtractive hybridization์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 39๊ฐœ์˜ clone์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด์ค‘์—์„œ 11๊ฐœ์˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ hard-diet๊ตฐ ํŠน์ด ํ›„๋ณด ์œ ์ „์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2. 11๊ฐœ์˜ ํ›„๋ณด ์œ ์ „์ž๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ homology ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๊ณผ northern ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ hard-diet๊ตฐ์—์„œ mRNA๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” FS-s2, FS-s5, FS-s18 ๋ฐ Fs-s22 ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3. Soft-diet๊ตฐ๊ณผ hard-diet๊ตฐ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœํ•™์  ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ soft-diet๊ตฐ์€ hard-diet๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณจ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ™œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณจ๊ฐœ์กฐ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์ €ํ•˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ํ•˜์•…๊ณผ๋‘์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์„ฑ๊ณจํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 4. FS-s2, FS-s5, FS-s18 ๋ฐ Fs-s22 ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ cRNA ํƒ์นจ์ž๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ in-situ hybridization์—์„œ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž์˜ mRNA๋“ค์€ hard-diet๊ตฐ์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ soft-diet๊ตฐ์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ FS-s2, FS-s5, FS-s18 ๋ฐ Fs-s22 ์œ ์ „์ž๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋‚˜ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์™„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ๊ฐ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š” ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค

    Expression of Chicken Cartilage Derived Matrix Protein 10(CCMP 10) in Chondrogenesis

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    ๊ฐ„์ถ”๋ฆผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹ญ ๋ฐฐ์•„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์„ฑ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ์„ธํฌ์—๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‚˜ ์ „์—ฐ๊ณจ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ํ™” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ํŠน์ดํ•˜ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์œ ์ „์ž CCMP 10์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ „์—ฐ๊ณจ์„ฑ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ํ™” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ์„ธํฌ ํŠน์ด ์œ ์ „์ž CCMP 10์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์กฐ์ง ๋ถ„ํฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ CCMP 10์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ OFP vector๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ CCMP 10์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋‚ด transfection ๊ณผ CCMP 10 ํ•ญ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฉด์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์  ์—ผ์ƒ‰ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ญ ์• ์•„์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ํ™” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ์„ธํฌ์˜ micromass culture ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ณจ๋ถ„ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ CCMP 10์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1 Transfection ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ CCMP 10 ์€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋“ค์€ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ํ•ต๊ณผ ์„ธํฌ์งˆ์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ํ•ต์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 2 ์—ฐ์—ญ์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™์  ์—ผ์ƒ‰์—์„œ CCMP 10 ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ ์—ฐ๊ณจ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „์—ฐ๊ณจ์„ฑ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ์„ธํฌ ์—ฐ๊ณจ๋ง‰ ๊ธด๋ผˆ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅํŒ์˜ ์ •์ง€์ธต๊ณผ ์ฆ์‹์ธต์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋ถ€ ์„ฑ์ˆ™ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์ธต๊ณผ ๋น„๋Œ€ ์—ฐ๊ณจ์„ธํฌ์ธต์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 3 CCMP 10 ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœ์—ฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ 3 ์ผ์—๋Š” ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์–‘ 5 ์ผ์งธ์—๋Š” ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์–‘์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค ์ œ II ํ˜• ๊ต์›์งˆ์€ ์ „์—ฐ๊ณจ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—ฝ์„ธํฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ 1์ผ ํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์–ด ๋ฐฐ์–‘ 5์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฐœํ˜„์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด CCMP 10 ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ ์„ธํฌ์งˆ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•ต์—์„œ ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณจ๋ถ„ํ™”์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค

    Scaffold์ƒ์— ์‹๋ฆฝํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์น˜์ฃผ์ธ๋Œ€์„ฌ์œ ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์น˜์ฃผ์กฐ์ง๊ณตํ•™

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    Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLF) are very important for curing the periodontal tissue because they can be differentiated into various cells. A tissue engineering approach using a cell-scaffold is essential for comprehending today's periodontal tissue regeneration procedure. This study examined the possibility of using an acellular dermal matrix as a scaffold for human periodontalligament fibroblast (hPDLF). The hPDLF was isolated from the middle third of the root of periodontally healthy teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. The cells were cultured in a medium containing Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at in humidified air with 5% . The acellular dermal matrix(ADM) was provided by the US tissue banks(USA). Second passage cells were used in this study. The hPDLF cells were cultured with the acellular dermal matrix for 2 days, and the dermal matrix cultured by the hPDLF was transferred to a new petri dish and used as the experimental group. The control group was cultured without the acellular dermal matrix, The control and experimental cells were cultured for six weeks. The hPDLF cultured on the acellular dermal matrix was observed by Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM). Electron micrography shows that the hPDLF was proliferated on the acellular dermal matrix. This study suggests that the acellular dermal matrix can be used as a scaffold for hPDLF.์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2005๋…„ ์ •๋ถ€(๊ต์œก์ธ์ ์ž์›๋ถ€)์˜ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์ˆ ์ง„ํฅ์žฌ๋‹จ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

    Evaluation Of Bone Graft Materials in The Treatment Of Artificial Bone Defects Around Dental Implant

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    To evaluate the effects of allografts, xenografts, and bone substitutes on bone formation in peri-implant bone defects, forty Avana implants were inserted into both tibiae of 10 adult rabbits and artificial bone defects (2x2x2 mm) were prepared to the right and left of the implants. The control group received no bone graft, while the defects in the experimental groups were filled with particulate dentin-plaster of Paris (tooth ash), DFDB, or Bio-Oss. The animals were sacrificed 4 or 8 weeks after surgery and specimens were observed by light microscopy. The results were as follows. New immature bone was observed at 4 weeks in the control group, and this new bone was mature lamellar bone at 8 weeks. New immature bone was observed at 4 weeks in the tooth ash group, and similar new immature bone showing good osseointegration was seen at 8 weeks. Active new bone formation was observed at 4 weeks in the DFDB and Bio-Oss groups and mature new bone that was indistinguishable from the adjacent normal bone was seen at 8 weeks. These results indicate that bone graft material accelerates new bone formation, bone maturation, and osseointegration

    A Study on the Continuity of Conservatism in the Audit Opinion

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์™ธํ™˜์œ„๊ธฐ ํ›„ ๋ถ€์‹ค๊ฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ ยทํ–‰์ •์  ์ œ์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋œ 2002๋…„์„ ์ „ํ›„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜๊ฒฌ์˜ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋ถ€์‹ค๊ฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๊ณ ์กฐ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ‡ด์กฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€์‹ค๊ฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์ดํ›„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„(2002โˆผ2010)์„ ๋‘ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„(2002โˆผ2004, 2005โˆผ2010)์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์ด์ „์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฒ•์ ์žฌ๊ฑด์‹ ์ฒญ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ง์ „๋…„๋„ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜๊ฒฌ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์†๊ธฐ์—…์กด์† ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜๊ฒฌ์˜ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๊ณ ์กฐ๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„(2002โˆผ2004)์—๋Š” ๊ณ„์†๊ธฐ์—…์กด์† ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜๊ฒฌ ๊ฐœ์ง„๋น„์œจ์ด ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ•ํ™” ์ด์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ํ›„์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„(2005โˆผ2010)์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค์€ ๋ฒ•์ ์žฌ๊ฑด ์‹ ์ฒญ๊ธฐ์—… ์ค‘ ์ง์ „๋…„๋„ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜๊ฒฌ ๊ณตํ‘œ์ผ์ด 2002๋…„ ์ดํ›„์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜๊ฒฌ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์†๊ธฐ์—…์กด์† ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์œจ์ด ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜๊ฒฌ ๊ณตํ‘œ์ผ์ด 2001๋…„ ๋ง ์ด์ „์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋” ๋†’์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ง€์†์ ์ด๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํ‰๊ท ์ฐจ์ด ๊ฒ€์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฒ•์ ์žฌ๊ฑด ์‹ ์ฒญ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ง์ „๋…„๋„ ์žฌ๋ฌด์ œํ‘œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ๊ณตํ‘œ์ผ์ด 2002โˆผ2004๋…„, 2005โˆผ2010๋…„์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒŒ์†๊ธฐ์—…์กด์† ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜๊ฒฌ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 75%, 77%๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ๊ณตํ‘œ์ผ์ด 2001๋…„ ๋ง ์ด์ „์˜ 32%์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜๊ฒฌ์˜ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ํ™” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ๊ณตํ‘œ์ผ์ด 2002๋…„ ์ดํ›„, 2002โˆผ2004๋…„, 2005โˆผ2010๋…„์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋”๋ฏธ๋ณ€์ˆ˜(TIM)๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋„์ž…ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋กœ์ง“ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ๋”๋ฏธ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ํšŒ๊ท€๊ณ„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 5%, 10%, 10%๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ(+)์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ ๊ณตํ‘œ์ผ์„ 2002๋…„ ์ „์ฒด๋กœ ํ•˜๋“ ์ง€, 2002๋…„ ์ดํ›„๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋“ ์ง€ ๊ฐ„์— ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์ธ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ ์„œ๋„ 2001๋…„ ๋ง ์ด์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ณ„์†๊ธฐ์—…์กด์† ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜๊ฒฌ ๊ฐœ์ง„๋น„์œจ์ด ๋” ๋†’๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜์˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์‹ค๊ฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ ยทํ–‰์ •์  ์ œ์žฌ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ์„œ ์™ธ๋ถ€๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์ด์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ณด์ˆ˜ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.In this study we examine whether the increased conservatism in the audit opinion since the year 2002 is sustained over time. We classify an observation as Time 1 if the audit opinion is issued prior to december 12, 2001. Time 2 represents firms with audit opinions issued during the year 2002 through 2004. Time 3 represents firms with audit opinions issued from January 1, 2005 through April 30, 2010. We examine that the probability of receiving a going concern audit opinion in Time 2 and Time 3 is higher relative to Time 1. Our empirical results are as follows. First, the proportion of prior going-concern modified audit opinion in time 2 and time 3 is significantly higher than that in time 1 respectively. Second, in the logit regression analysis the exploratory variables substituted for both Time 2 and Time 3 are significantly positive. This implies that during both Time 2 and Time 3, financial distressed firms that subsequently entered legal reconstruction procedure were significantly more likely to receive going concern audit opinion than those in Time 1. Our empirical results show that audit opinions issued after January 1, 2002 were significantly more likely to contain going concern modification for firm that subsequently entered legal reconstruction procedure compared to audit opinions issued between the year 1999 and 2001. And their trend toward more conservative in auditor reporting continue in subsequent periods. Thus our research hypothesis is accepted.ope
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