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    ๊ฐ€๊ต-์ ค ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ๋‚ด ์—ํ„ฐ ๊ณ„์—ด ์šฉ๋งค์˜ ์‚ฐํ™”์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ 4V๊ธ‰ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ๊ธˆ์†์ „์ง€ ์ ์šฉ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ™”ํ•™์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€(์—๋„ˆ์ง€ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํ™”ํ•™์œตํ•ฉ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ „๊ณต), 2021.8. ๋ฐ•์ข…์„.๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค์™€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งค์šฐ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ์š”๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๊ธฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ‘์—ฐ๊ณผ LiCoO2๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์˜จ ์‚ฝ์ž…/ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ ์ด์˜จ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผEV ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํญ๋ฐœ์  ํ™•์žฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด‰๋ฐœ๋œ ๋งค์šฐ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กœ์šด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์š”๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ ์ด์˜จ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋„์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์ค‘ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ ๊ธˆ์† ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฆฌํŠฌ ๊ธˆ์†์ด ์ƒ์šฉ ํ‘์—ฐ ์Œ๊ทน(370mAh g-1)์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’์€ ๋น„์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ (3860mAh g-1)์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋†’์€ ์ด๋ก ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฆฌํŠฌ ๊ธˆ์†์€ ์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐ€๋„ (500Wh/kg)๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Li ๊ธˆ์†์˜ ๋†’์€ ํ™˜์›์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ œ์–ด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณ„๋ฉด ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ Li ๊ธˆ์†์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง€์ƒ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ „ ์œ„ํ—˜, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐ€๋„ ์ €ํ•˜ ๋ฐ ์…€ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ ๊ธˆ์† ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋•๋ถ„์— Li ๊ธˆ์† ํด๋ฆฌ๋จธ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ธ Bollorรฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๊นŒ์ง€ ๋˜๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ '์ฐจ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ ์ด์˜จ'์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์— ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋œ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ ๋ฉ”ํƒˆ ํด๋ฆฌ๋จธ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ „์•• ๋ฆฌํŠฌ ๋ฉ”ํƒˆ ํด๋ฆฌ๋จธ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1) ๊ณ ์ฒด ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ด์˜จ ์ „๋„๋„๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ก์ฒด ์šฉ๋งค (1,2-dimethoxyethane)๋ฅผ ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ์— ํฌํ•จ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ์˜ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ ๊ธˆ์†๊ณผ ํ˜ธํ™˜์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Bollorรฉ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์—ํ…Œ๋ฅด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํด๋ฆฌ๋จธ ๋ฐ ์•ก์ฒด ์šฉ๋งค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2) ์—ํ…Œ๋ฅด ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์–‘๊ทน ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฆฌํŠฌ ์—ผ์„ ๋†์ถ•(~3.1M)ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ต๋œ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฉ๋งค ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ ๋†’์€ ์–‘๊ทน ํ‘œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด๊ธฐ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ CEI๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์–‘๊ทน์—์„œ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ณ„๋ฉด ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ CEI ์ธต์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์‹คํ—˜๊ตฐ์ด ์„ค์ •๋˜์–ด ๋น„๊ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฆฌํŠฌ์—ผ์„ DME์— ๋…น์ธ ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ, DME์™€ PEO ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž์— ๋…น์ธ ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ, DME์™€ ๊ฐ€๊ต๋œ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ์€ ์•ก์ฒด ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ, ์„ ํ˜• ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ ค ํด๋ฆฌ๋จธ ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๊ต ๋œ ์ ค ํด๋ฆฌ๋จธ ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ต๋œ ์ ค ํด๋ฆฌ๋จธ ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ์„ ์ œ์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ํ…Œ๋ฅด ๊ณ„์—ด ๋‹จ๋Ÿ‰์ฒด, ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์—ํ‹ธ๋ Œ ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์ฝœ ๋‹ค์ด ๋น„๋‹ ์—ํ…Œ๋ฅด(TEGDVE)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์–‘์ด์˜จ ๊ฐœ์‹œ์ œ ๋ฆฌํŠฌ ๋‹ค์ดํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋กœ-์˜ฅ์‚ด๋ผํ† ๋ณด๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ (LiDFOB) ์—ผ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ค‘ํ•ฉ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ต๋œ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค์—์„œ ์šฉ๋งค ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์ด ์–ต์ œ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ก์ฒด ๋ฐ ์ ค ํด๋ฆฌ๋จธ ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํŽ„์Šคํ•„๋“œ๊ตฌ๋ฐฐ ํ•ต์ž๊ธฐ๊ณต๋ช… (PFG-NMR) ๋ถ„๊ด‘ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ์—์„œ ์šฉ๋งค์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ, ์•ก์ฒด ๋ฐ ์„ ํ˜• ์‚ฌ์Šฌ ์ ค ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ต๋œ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ๋งคํŠธ๋ฆญ์Šค์—์„œ ์šฉ๋งค ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์–ต์ œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์šฉ๋งค ๋ถ„์ž๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์„ ํ˜• ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ์‚ฌ์Šฌ๋„ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ ค ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ์—์„œ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ต๋œ ์ ค ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ํ™•์‚ฐ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์šฉ๋งค ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•™์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ LiNCM ์™„์ „์…€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ถฉ/๋ฐฉ์ „ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ผ ๋†๋„์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์™„์ „์…€์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ช… ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ต๋œ ์ ค ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ์™„์ „์…€ ์ถฉ/๋ฐฉ์ „ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ํ›„ ์–‘๊ทน๊ณผ ์Œ๊ทน, ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณ„๋ฉด ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์œ ๋„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๊ต๋œ ์ ค ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ์—์„œ ์šฉ๋งค ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— CEI ์ธต์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์Œ์ด์˜จ์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. Li ๊ธˆ์† ์Œ๊ทน ์ธก์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ต๋œ ๊ฒ” ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ต์ œ๋œ ์ˆ˜์ง€์ƒ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์ „๊ธฐํ™”ํ•™์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์›๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„๊ด‘ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„๋ฉด ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ์ž…์ฆ๋œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ชฉ์ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.As the concern for climate change and highly demanding requirement for energy supply emerges simultaneously, development of high energy density batteries to store electrical energy has come into an urgent technological issue. Since conventional Li-ion batteries with intercalation chemistry employing graphite and LiCoO2 faced their limits in front of current highly demanding energy requirement stimulated by increasing EV market, various candidates for post Li-ion batteries are being challenged by battery researchers worldwide. Among them, Li metal batteries have drawn a sharp interest since the Li metal anode provides a lot higher specific capacity (3860 mAh g-1) compared to commercial graphite anode (370 mAh g-1). Due to its high theoretical specific capacity, lithium metal is highly expected to achieve the minimum target energy density of post Li-ion batteries (500 Wh/kg). However, due to highly reducing nature of Li metal, uncontrolled interfacial reaction results in dendritic growth of Li metal, and subsequently, various problems such as safety hazard by short-circuiting, degraded energy density, and increased cell impedances. Consequently, various strategic approaches have been developed and Li metal batteries have been improved to some extent. By virtue of these enthusiastic challenges, Li metal polymer batteries have been even commercialized for electric vehicle applications by French Motor company, Bollorรฉ. However, its features were far less than target energy density to become the real post Li-ion and still it left challenging limitations to overcome. Based on the serious limitations of previously commercialized Li metal polymer batteries, in this study, systematic design principles were constructed and employed comprehensively to develop high voltage lithium metal polymer batteries. 1) To resolve high cell impedance from low ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes, liquid solvents (1,2-dimethoxyethane) was incorporated into the electrolyte. To retain the electrolyte to be compatible with Li metal, ether-based polymer and liquid solvents were utilized as in the Bollorรฉ battery. 2) To compensate for the low anodic stability of ether based components, lithium salts were concentrated (~3.1M) and cross-linked polymeric matrix were employed to suppress diffusive flux of solvent molecules to reactive cathode surface, and consequently form robust inorganic-rich CEI layer for sustainable interfacial stability at cathode. Three electrolytes were prepared and comparatively studied: Li salts in DME, DME with polyethylene oxide, and DME with cross-linked polyethylene oxide in same salt concentrations. Each electrolyte represents for liquid electrolyte, gel polymer electrolyte with linear polymer chains, and cross-linked gel polymer electrolyte. To prepare cross-linked gel electrolyte, ether-based triethylene glycol divinyl ether was employed as monomer to be in-situ polymerized by cationic initiator lithium difluoro-oxalatoborate (LiDFOB) salt. To prove initial hypothesis that diffusion of solvent molecules would be suppressed in cross-linked polymeric matrix, pulsed-field gradient NMR (PFG-NMR) spectroscopic analysis was conducted for liquid and gel polymer electrolytes to evaluate diffusive motion of solvents in each electrolyte. As expected, diffusion of solvent molecules was highly suppressed in cross-linked polymeric matrix compared to that in liquid and linear chain gel polymer electrolyte. Additionally, not only solvent molecules, but also linear polymer chains were found to diffuse in corresponding gel electrolyte while the absence of polymer diffusion in cross-linked gel electrolyte was revealed by PFG-NMR analysis. To confirm the correlation between diffusion of solvent molecules and electrochemical performances, LiNCM cells with liquid and gel electrolytes were tested under constant current charge/discharge. Regardless of salt concentration, cyclic stability of LiNCM cell was the highest with cross-linked gel electrolytes. Through the respective analyses of cathode and anode after LiNCM charge/discharge cycling tests, different interfacial phenomena were induced by each electrolyte. Due to suppressed diffusion of solvent molecules in cross-linked gel electrolyte, anions contribute dominantly to the formation of robust inorganic-rich CEI layer to enhance oxidative stability of electrolyte. In the Li metal anode side, mechanically suppressed dendrite growth by cross-linked gel electrolyte contributes to stable electrochemical performance rather than chemical advantages. Finally, it was confirmed that design principles constructed and utilized in this study, worked properly as evidenced by various spectroscopic and interface analyses.1. Introduction 1 1.1 Beyond Li-ion: Lithium metal batteries 1 1.2 Non-uniform SEI & Dendrites 3 1.3 Current challenges for uniform electroplating of Li 4 1.3.1 3D conductive hosts to accommodate electrodeposited Li 5 1.3.2 Protective film and artificial SEI layer 6 1.3.3 Electrolyte modification and solid electrolytes 8 1.4 Lessons from commercialized lithium metal batteries 11 1.5 Design principles of this study: comprehensive approach for lithium metal batteries 12 2. Design of gel polymer electrolyte for high-voltage lithium metal batteries 19 2.1 Electrolyte design for enhanced oxidation stability 19 2.2 Experimental 20 2.2.1 Experiments for comparative study 20 2.2.2 Characterization 21 2.2.3 Electrochemical tests 22 2.3 Results and discussion 24 2.3.1 Formation of in-situ cross-linked polymer matrix 24 2.3.2 Enhanced anodic stability with cross-linked polymer matrix 25 2.3.3 Physically suppressed diffusion in cross-linked polymer matrix 27 2.3.4 Further proof of suppressed diffusion with electrolytes in lower concentration 28 2.3.5 Diffusion of polymer chains in electrolyte with different polymer structure 30 2.4 Summary 31 3. Interfacial phenomena resulted from suppressed diffusion of solvents in Li metal batteries 47 3.1 Electrochemical performances of each electrolytes 47 3.2 Interfacial analyses: cathodes 47 3.3 Interfacial analyses: anodes 50 3.4 Summary 53 4. Summary and Conclusions 63 5. Bibliography 66 6. ๊ตญ ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ ๋ก 71๋ฐ•

    ๋…ธํƒœ์šฐ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ~๋ฐ•๊ทผํ˜œ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ(์ •์ฑ…ํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2022.2. ๋ฐ•์ •ํ›ˆ.๋‚จํ•œ 6๊ณตํ™”์ •์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ์ •์ฑ…๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋‹จ์ ˆ์„ฑ์ด ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง„๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„, ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜์˜€๋˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์†Œ๋น„์žฌ๋“ค์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ง€์†์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ง€์†์„ฑ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๋“ค์ด ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ 6๊ณตํ™”์ •์˜ ์—ญ๋Œ€ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๋“ค์€ ์ „์ž„ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ์ •์ฑ…๋“ค์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ด์ „ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •์ฑ…๋“ค์ด ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ธ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ๋“ค์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์œ ํ˜•๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ„์ ˆํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์™”๋‹ค. ๋”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋‹ด๋ก ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ํŽธํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์œ ํ˜•๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ„์ ˆํ™”์™€ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž๊ฒฉ์š”๊ฑด๋“ค์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ™”๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๋“ค์˜ ์ฐฝ์ถœ์— ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ๋“ค ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์œ ํ˜•๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ„์ ˆํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ์ •์ฑ…๋“ค์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•œ๋‹ค.Even if the disconnection between public rental housing policies among the individual administrations of the 6th Republic of South Korea is noticeable, the public rental housing that has already been supplied are durable consumer goods, so they have long-term durability that is difficult to convert or give up quickly, and interests of stakeholders who prefer such long-term sustainability complex are formed. Therefore, even if the incumbent administrations of the 6th Republic of South Korea changed the public rental housing policies of the previous administrations, they were forced to maintain the existing public rental housing, the results of the previous related policies, and thus the fragmentation of public rental housing supply types has deepened. In addition, social discourses related to the supply and management of public rental housing show a bias to emphasize an increase in the total quantity in supply and show little interest in the creation of blind spots caused by fragmentation of supply types and consequent complexity of qualification requirements in management. However, fragmentation of public rental housing supply types undermines the effectiveness and efficiency of public rental housing policies.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 3 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 4 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์œ ํ˜•๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ„์ ˆํ™” 5 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ณต๊ณต์ž„๋Œ€์ฃผํƒ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ์˜์˜ 5 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์œ ํ˜•๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ„์ ˆํ™” ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 7 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์„ 16 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ 31 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์˜ ๋„์ถœ 31 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 31 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ 31 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 34 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๋ณ„ ๋น„๊ต 34 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์ ˆํ™” ์–‘์ƒ์˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 66 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  71 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 71 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•จ์˜ 72 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 75 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 77์„

    Efficacy and Safety of Weekly Alendronate Plus Vitamin Dโ‚ƒ 5600 IU versus Weekly Alendronate Alone in Korean Osteoporotic Women: 16-Week Randomized Trial

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    Vitamin D (vit-D) is essential for bone health, although many osteoporosis patients have low levels of 25-hydroxy-vit-D [25(OH)D]. This randomized, open-label study compared the effects of once weekly alendronate 70 mg containing 5600 IU vit-Dโ‚ƒ (ALN/D5600) to alendronate 70 mg without additional vit-D (ALN) on the percent of patients with vit-D insufficiency [25(OH)D <15 ng/mL, primary endpoint] and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH, secondary endpoint) levels in postmenopausal, osteoporotic Korean women. Neuromuscular function was also measured. A total of 268 subjects were randomized. Overall, 35% of patients had vit-D insufficiency at baseline. After 16-weeks, there were fewer patients with vit-D insufficiency in the ALN/D5600 group (1.47%) than in the ALN group (41.67%) (p<0.001). Patients receiving ALN/D5600 compared with ALN were at a significantly decreased risk of vit-D insufficiency [odds ratio=0.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.00-0.08]. In the ALN/D5600 group, significant increases in serum 25(OH)D were observed at weeks 8 (9.60 ng/mL) and 16 (11.41 ng/mL), where as a significant decrease was recorded in the ALN group at week 16 (-1.61 ng/mL). By multiple regression analysis, major determinants of increases in serum 25(OH)D were ALN/D5600 administration, seasonal variation, and baseline 25(OH)D. The least squares mean percent change from baseline in serum PTH in the ALN/D5600 group (8.17%) was lower than that in the ALN group (29.98%) (p=0.0091). There was no significant difference between treatment groups in neuromuscular function. Overall safety was similar between groups. In conclusion, the administration of 5600 IU vit-D in the ALN/D5600 group improved vit-D status and reduced the magnitude of PTH increase without significant side-effects after 16 weeks in Korean osteoporotic patients.ope

    A Case of Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome in a Patient with Diabetes Presenting as Foot Ulcer

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    Antiphospholipid syndrome is a disorder characterized by recurrent vascular thrombosis, pregnancy loss and thrombocytopenia, and the presence of the lupus anticoagulant or a positive anticardiolipin test. A link of antiphospholipid syndrome to diabetes mellitus has not been established. There have been no reports of large artery thrombosis associated with antiphospholipid syndrome or diabetes mellitus. We present a case of an adult with large artery thrombosis, elevated anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulant associated with diabetes. The patient was managed by successful primary percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent implantation, with accompanying anticoagulation therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first case where the occluded large artery was treated with primary stent implantation in primary antiphospholipid syndrome with diabetes mellitusope

    ํ•™๋‚ด ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ๋„๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณธ๋‹ค

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    ์ด๋ฒˆ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ค‘์•™๋„์„œ๊ด€๊ณผ ์ด๊ณต๊ณ„(๋ฏธ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํฌํ•จ)์‹คํ—˜์‹ค 137๊ฐœ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค๋‚ด์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์›๊ณผ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•™๋‚ด ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ๊ณต๊ธฐ์งˆ์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 2007๋…„ 5์›” 8์ผ(ํ™”)~2007๋…„ 12์›” 21์ผ(๊ธˆ)๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค๋‚ด๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ธ๋จผ์ง€(PM10), ํฌ๋ฆ„์•Œ๋ฐํžˆ๋“œ(HCHO) ๋ฐ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ์œ ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ(VOCs) ๋“ฑ์˜ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ฎ๊ธด ๊ธ€์€ ์ด๋ฒˆ์— ์ œ์ถœ๋œ ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ๋„ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์š”์•ฝํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๋‹ค

    The Effect of Growth Hormone on Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerotic Risk Factors in Obese Patients with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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    BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance in visceral obesity constitutes a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. The insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetic patients can be improved by a decrease in the visceral fat and an increase in the skeletal muscle, which may influence the insulin sensitivity. Growth hormone (GH) accelerates lipolysis and promotes protein conservation. The effects of GH therapy, with diet restriction, on lipolysis and protein anabolism, were evaluated, which may change body composition, insulin resistance and atherosclerotic risk factors in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Sixteen obese type 2 diabetic patients (31~56yrs), who had high glucose levels (glucose 12.8+/-1.7 mmol/L, HbA1c 10.2+/-2.1%), were treated with recombinant human GH (GH; 1 unit/d, 5 times/week), diet restriction (25 kcal/kg ideal body weight/day) and exercise (250 kcal/day) for 12 weeks. They underwent anthropometric measurement, bioelectrical impedance for total body fat and lean body mass, as well as computed tomography, for visceral and subcutaneous fat, at the umbilicus and muscle area at the mid-thigh levels. All subjects underwent the test for GH response to hypoglycemia. The insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was measured using insulin tolerance tests (ITT). RESULTS: 1. The visceral fat area (VFA)/thigh muscle area (TMA) ratio was more decreased in the GH-treated group than in the control group, but there was no change of body weight. 2. The ISI was significantly increased in only the GH-treated group, which was negatively correlated with the VFA/TMA ratio. The serum free fatty acid, fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were significantly decreased after the GH treatment. The serum glucose level and HbA1c remained unchanged during the GH therapy, but were significantly decreased after 3 months. 3. The total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were decreased in the GH treated group. 4. The insulin-like growth factor-I, fasting c-peptide and insulin level were all significantly increased after the GH treatment. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that in type 2 diabetic patients, with insulin resistance and uncontrolled blood sugar, GH treatment caused a decrease in the visceral fat and an increase in the muscle mass, which could result in the improvement of the ISI, atherosclerotic risk factors and dyslipidemia.ope

    [์ง€์ƒ๊ต์œก] ์พŒ์ ํ•œ ์‹ค๋‚ด๊ณต๊ธฐ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ

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    ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ˆ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ˆ์ „์—๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์š”์ฆ˜ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ •ํ™”๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ •ํ™”์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ •์ด๋‚˜ ์ง์žฅ์— ์ž๋ฆฌ ํ•œ๊ณณ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค๋‚ด๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค๋‚ด๊ณต๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์› ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ ์ž์—ฐํ™˜๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ ์‹ค๋‚ด๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ์— ์ ๊ทน ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค

    (The) health screening centre's factors affecting on the outcome of health screen program

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    ์—ญํ•™ ๋ฐ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ณด๊ฑด ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ฒ€์ง„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์„ฑ์ธ๋ณ‘ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ์‹คํƒœ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  1997๋…„๋„ ์„ฑ์ธ๋ณ‘ ๊ฒ€ ์ง„ ์‹ค์ (1์ฐจ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€์ž์ˆ˜, 2์ฐจ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€๋ฅ )์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ€์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํ˜„ํ™ฉ, ์‹œ์„ค ๋ฐ ์ธ์› ํ˜„ํ™ฉ, ๊ฒ€์ง„์‹ค ์šด์˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ๊ฒ€์ง„ ๋‹ด ๋‹น์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ, ๊ฒ€์ง„์‹œ ์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง„์ฐฐ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€๋ฅ  ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒ€์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๊ตญ์˜ ์•ฝ 2290๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ค‘ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ์ถ”์ถœ ์„ ์ •ํ•œ 188๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ํ–‰์ • ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž์™€ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ๋‹ด๋‹น์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ฌธ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ SPSS ํ†ต๊ณ„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1. ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ฒ€์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์น˜๊ณผ ์ง„์ฐฐ์‹ค์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์‹œ์„ค (์ง„์ฐฐ์‹ค, ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ๊ณผ ์ดฌ์˜์‹ค, ํƒˆ์˜์‹ค, ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์‹ค)์˜ ์ „๋‹ด๋ฅ ์ด ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์€ 80%์ด์ƒ, ์˜์›๊ธ‰์€ 50%, ๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ๋Š” 30% ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ „๋‹ด๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์žฅ, ์ฒด์ค‘๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด ๊ณ„์ธก๊ธฐ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ 80%์ด์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ง„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ดํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๊ฐ„์ ‘ ์ดฌ์˜๊ธฐ, ์‹ฌ์ „๋„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์žฅ๋น„๋Š” 50%์ดํ•˜์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ง„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ดํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ง„์‹ค ์ธ๋ ฅ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์€ ๊ฒ€์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€๋‹น ์˜์‚ฌ 1.6๋ช…, ์น˜๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ 0.6๋ช…, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ 2.7๋ช…, ์ž„์ƒ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ 1.1๋ช…, ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ1.3๋ช…, ์›๋ฌด์ง 1.8๋ช…, ๊ธฐํƒ€ 1.1๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์ด 10.8๋ช…์ด๊ณ , ์ด์ค‘ 51%๊ฐ€ ๊ฒ€์ง„์‹ค์—์„œ ์ „๋‹ด์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์•ฝ 60%์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ง„์‹ค์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ง„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์˜์›์—์„œ๋Š” 15%์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „์ฒด ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ 68%์—์„œ ์„ฑ์ธ๋ณ‘ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ์œ ์น˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ™๋ณด๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1์ฐจ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กฐํ•ฉ์— ํ†ต๋ณดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ์ „์ฒด ์‘๋‹ต๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ 70.6%์—์„œ 15์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2์ฐจ ๊ฒ€์ง„์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 73.4%๊ฐ€ 15์ผ ์ด๋‚ด์— ๊ฒ€์ง„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌ 1์ฐจ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ†ต๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ์ธ๋ณ‘ ๊ฒ€์ง„์‹œ 1์ธ๋‹น ์ด ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฒ€์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ 96.3%์—์„œ 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋‚ด์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ์ธ๋ณ‘ ์ง„์ฐฐ์‹œ ์˜์‚ฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์ง„์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ง„์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 97.2%์—์„œ 10๋ถ„ ์ด๋‚ด์˜€๊ณ  ์ด์ค‘ 74.3%์—์„œ๋Š” 5๋ถ„ ์ด๋‚ด ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€๋ณ„๋กœ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฒ€์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ 98%์—์„œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ฐฐ์— ๋ฌธ์ง„ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด์ค‘ 47.3%์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ถ€ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  50.9%์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. 1995๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1997๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ฒ€์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ 3๋…„๊ฐ„ ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ณดํ—˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ง„๋‹จ ์„ฑ์ธ๋ณ‘ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ์—… 1์ฐจ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€์ž ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€๋‹น 1995๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฒ€์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€๋‹น ์„ฑ์ธ๋ณ‘ 1์ฐจ ๊ฒ€์ง„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒ€์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. 2์ฐจ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€๋ฅ ์€ 1998๋…„์— 1997๋…„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ณ‘์›๊ธ‰์—์„œ 2์ฐจ ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€๋ฅ ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. 3. 1997๋…„๋„ ์„ฑ์ธ๋ณ‘ ๊ฒ€์ง„ 1์ฐจ ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€ ์‹ค์ ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ง„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„์‹œ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ข…๋ณ„, ๋…์ž์  ๊ฒ€์ง„์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ๊ฒ€์ง„์‹ค์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‹œ์„ค์ด ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ง„์ฐฐ์‹ค, ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ์ง„์ฐฐ์‹ค, ํƒˆ์˜์‹ค, ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์‹ค ๋“ฑ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ์‹œ์„ค์ด ์„ฑ์ธ๋ณ‘ ๊ฒ€์ง„์‹ค ์ „๋‹ด์œผ ๋กœ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ฒ€์ง„์‹ค ๋‹ด๋‹น ์ธ์›์˜์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ 1์ฐจ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€์ž์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ฑ์ธ๋ณ‘ 1์ฐจ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€์ž์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ฒ€์ง„์‹ค ๋‹ด๋‹น ์ด ์ธ์›์ˆ˜, ๊ฒ€์ง„ ๋‹ด๋‹น ์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ง„์‹ค ์ „๋‹ด๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ฒ€์ง„์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํ˜„ํ™ฉ, ์‹œ์„ค ๋ฐ ์ธ์› ํ˜„ํ™ฉ, ๊ฒ€์ง„์‹ค ์šด์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ๊ฒ€์ง„ ์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ง„์ฐฐ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ฑ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์ค‘ ํšŒ๊ท€๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋ชจํ˜•์€ 1์ฐจ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€์ž์ˆ˜์˜ ์š”์ธ์„ ์•ฝ 64% ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4. 1997๋…„๋„ ์„ฑ์ธ๋ณ‘ ๊ฒ€์ง„ 2์ฐจ ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€๋ฅ ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ง„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„์‹œ 2์ฐจ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€์ž์—๊ฒŒ 1์ฐจ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ›„ ๋ฌด๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๋ฝ์„ ์ž์ฃผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ(3ํšŒ์ด์ƒ), ์ง„์ฐฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ง„์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์งง์„ ์ˆ˜๋ก 2์ฐจ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€๋ฅ ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ดํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ ๊ฒ€์ง„๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์ธ ๊ฒ€์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํ˜„ํ™ฉ, ์‹œ์„ค ๋ฐ ์ธ์› ํ˜„ํ™ฉ, ๊ฒ€์ง„์‹ค ์šด์˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ 2์ฐจ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ 2์ฐจ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ํ†ต๋ณด ์—ฐ๋ฝ์„ ์ž์ฃผ ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก(์ ๊ทน์„ฑ) ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€๋ฅ ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจํ˜•์€ 2์ฐจ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€๋ฅ ์„ ์•ฝ 42% ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์„ฑ์ธ๋ณ‘ ๊ฒ€์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์„ฑ์ธ๋ณ‘ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ์ „๋‹ด์œผ๋กœ ์ง‘์ค‘์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ์ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ๋‚ด ํ‘œ์ง€ํŒ ๋“ฑ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€์ž์˜ ํŽธ์ด๋ฅผ ๋•๊ณ  2์ฐจ ๊ฒ€์ง„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ†ต๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ง„๊ณผ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ดํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋“ฑ ์ง„์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆ˜๊ฒ€๋ฅ ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ œ๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ฒ€์ง„๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] This study is aimed at estimating the state of medical insurance periodic health screening program conducted by health screening centers and at analyzing the factors of health screening centers that are supposed to affect the outcome of health screening program against chronic degenerative diseases in 1997 . It seeks to promote the rate of participation of recipients in the examination and analyze, by virtue of SPSS statistic programs, the questionaries derived from administrators or doctors in charge of health screening who work at randomly sampled 188 health examination facilities out of total 2290 nationwide centers. 1. For three years from 1995 to 1997, there were more examinees who were checked up in sampled health screening centers in 1997 than past years. and in this period, the general hospitals had more examinees than other sized hospitals did.. The rate of secondary examination after initial health examination, especially in general hospital, has increased in 1998 compared to 1997. 2. The number of primary health examinee is well related to the kind of health facilities, independent and well organized diagnostic equipments, sufficient and specialized work force. In multiple regression model, which was supposed to be determined by when the examination facility is a general hospital, sufficient and specialized work force, enough examination time allocation, and even considerate guidance. 3. The factors that increase the rate of secondary examination are considered as follows; when the organization notifies examinees frequently after he or she does not respond to the first call, when the shorter time was needed for examinees to line up for check-up, and when extra problems were immediately examined as soon as they are found. When the rate of further evaluation after primary check-up was analyzed by the multiple regression model, which was supposed to be determined by the frequently notification to the examinees. In conclusion, the independent, specialized and well organized equipments of health screening with sufficient work force and considerate services and rapid, frequently notification to the examinees would promote the ratio of health screening, and this model should be enforced by current health screening centers in national health care system.prohibitio

    ๋„์‹œํ˜• ์‹๋ฌผ๊ณต์žฅ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ COโ‚‚์ด์šฉ ๋ฐ NOโ‚‚์ •ํ™” ํšจ๊ณผ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์›์˜ˆํ•™๊ณผ,2000.Maste
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