10 research outputs found

    Virtual reality based stroke rehabilitation

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    Virtual reality (VR) is defined as an approach to user-computer interface that involves real-time simulation of an environment, scenario, or activity that allows for user interaction via multiple sensory channels. In recent years, virtual reality has grown immensely with rapid advancement of VR technologies in the field of stroke rehabilitation. In this paper, current VR applications to the field of rehabilitation are reviewed. In the field of stroke rehabilitation, many clinical trials related to VR-based assessment and treatment have been performed to assess and treat arm dysfunction, walking ability, visuospatial problems, cognitive dysfunction, etc. Among them, VR is beneficial in improving arm function when compared with conventional therapy with limited evidence. Whether VR improves walking, visuospatial problems, or cognitive function has not been well established yet. However, VR can simulate the real environment without the risks arising from errors, and can also give a sense of immersion in the simulated environment and a concomitant feeling of 'presence'. Moreover, VR provides the motivation of gaming factors. With these advantages, VR will be one of the major advanced technologies for assessment and managing post-stroke dysfunction in the future.ope

    Effects of Ankle Foot Orthosis on Post-stroke Hemiplegic Gait -A Meta-analysis-

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    Objective The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of ankle foot orthosis on adult post-stroke hemiplegic patients' walking ability and pattern. Method We searched for the case controlled clinical trials about the effects of ankle foot orthosis (AFO) for walking ability and pattern using quantitative gait analysis in adult post-stroke patients, which published between January 1950 and July 2012 in PubMed, and searching engine of Journal of Korean Academy of Rehabilitation Medicine. The mean standardized difference (MSD) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated for gait ability and pattern using fixed effect models. Results Sixteen of the 56 articles were included in this analysis. The selected studies involved a total of 274 patients. The walking speed, cadence, the portion of double limb supporting, stride length on affected side, the portion of swing period on unaffected side, and symmetry of swing period were improved by AFO. The oxygen cost was decreased by AFO. The AFO did improve ankle dorsiflexion at initial contact, maximal ankle dorsiflexion at swing phase, but the ankle plantar flexion at push-off did not. Conclusion The ankle foot orthosis has some evidence to improve the walking ability and gait pattern in post-stroke hemiplegic patients.ope

    Mirror Writing after Thalamic Hemorrhagic Stroke ๏ผŸA Case Report๏ผŸ

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    Mirror-writing is the process of reversing individual letter and composing word sequence in opposite direction. Unintentional mirror writing has been observed in young children learning to write and interpreted as the manifestation of different cognitive impairments. It is very rare that normal right-handed adult shows mirror writing. However, the acquired "mirror writing" may be shown in left hemispheric stroke, neurodegenerative disease, and diffuse cerebral disorders. To explain this event, some assumption have been indicated such as the motor, the visual dominance, the supplementary motor area, the visio-spatial, the visual word-form, the hemispatial factor or directional and the reflected graphemic representation hypotheses. It is reported that the lesions which causes the "Mirror-writing" are the parietal lobe, basal ganglia, thalamus and right supplementary motor area, etc. We reported a case of "mirror-writing" with left thalamic hemorrhagic stroke.ope

    ์ž๊ฐ€ํฌ์‹์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋ฐฉ์šธ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ตด

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ž์—ฐ๊ณผํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ™”ํ•™๋ถ€, 2021.8. ๋ฐ•์Šน๋ฒ”.Cells utilize stored lipids as an energy source in two ways: lipolysis and lipophagy. Lipophagy, a subset of selective autophagy, was first reported in 2009, and thereafter studies have been steadily reporting that lipophagy plays an important role in lipid metabolism. For instance, disturbances in lipophagy are highly correlated to various metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, despite this significance, the detailed regulatory mechanisms remain poorly elucidated compared to other types of selective autophagy. In addition, the lack of suitable reference compounds for studying lipophagy is one of the limitations of this research field. In this dissertation, I reported a novel lipophagy inducing small molecule, SB2301. This small molecule activates lipophagy in a different way from other autophagy inducers such as rapamycin. SB2301 was discovered from pDOS library using an image-based high throughput screening system. Further mechanistic studies revealed that SB2301 alters the phospholipid composition on the lipid droplet membrane and makes it unstable. The destabilized lipid droplets spontaneously merge and become ubiquitinated for degradation. By inducing autophagy with SB2301, I unveiled that a ubiquitin-mediated lipophagy mechanism exists and that changing lipid droplet membrane composition can induce lipophagy. This drug discovery shows potential breakthroughs for studying lipophagy.์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋ฐฉ์šธ์— ์ €์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์›์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ 2๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Lipolysis์™€ lipophagy์ด๋‹ค. Lipophagy๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์ ์ธ ์ž๊ฐ€ํฌ์‹์ž‘์šฉ์˜ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ 2009๋…„์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ์ดํ›„, ์ง€๋ฐฉ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด lipophagy์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋น„์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์„ฑ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์งˆํ™˜์ด ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , lipophagy๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ž๊ฐ€ํฌ์‹์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์กฐ์ ˆ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ lipophagy๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ lipophagy ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ํฐ ๊ฑธ๋ฆผ๋Œ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํ•™์œ„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ lipophagy๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ SB2301์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. SB2301์€ lipophagy๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ, ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฌ๋‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด pDOS ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœ๊ตด๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ์ „ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด SB2301์ด ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋ฐฉ์šธ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์ธ์ง€์งˆ ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋ฐฉ์šธ์„ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์›์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋ฐฉ์šธ์€ ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง€๋ฉฐ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋ฐฉ์šธ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ , ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋น„ํ€ดํ‹ดํ™” ๋˜์–ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋œ๋‹ค. SB2301์ด ์ž๊ฐ€ํฌ์‹์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ubiquitin-mediated lipophagy๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐํ˜”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋ฐฉ์šธ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์ธ์ง€์งˆ ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ lipophagy๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” lipophagy๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ด์ •ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.1. Introduction 1 2. Materials and methods 3 3. Results and discussion 14 3.1 Image-based high throughput screening and hit compound selection. 3.2 SB2301 induces lipid droplet coalescence. 3.3 Mega LD activates lipophagy and degrades itself. 3.4 SB2301 increases lipid metabolism. 3.5 Target identification. 3.6 The relationship between PCYT2 and LD coalescence. 4. Conclusion 49 References 52 Abstract in Korean 56์„

    Measurement and prediction modeling of unburned hydrocarbon oxidation in the exhaust port of a propane-fueled SI engine

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ,1998.Docto

    ์•ˆ์ •ํ™” ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ŠคํŠœ์–ดํŠธ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์˜ ์ œ์–ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ธฐ๊ณ„์„ค๊ณ„ํ•™๊ณผ,1998.Maste

    ์•„์ด์†Œ์ด๋ฉ”๋ฃจ๋ธŒ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ์ด์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์ฒดํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ „ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ•ญ์•”ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ™”ํ•™์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2020. 2. ๊น€์˜๊ทœ.Due to the aging of population many people have been suffered from arthritis, cancer and other diseases. To treat this problem humanity has been developed various medicine, but it has not yet been completely conquered. Menispermaceae plants have long been used as folk remedies for pain, \mmation, and digestive disorders, etc. Therefore, there were several studies carried out to identify the structure of these plant extracts, and to confirm their biological activity. Tropoloisoquinolines and azafluoranthenes were both isolated from Menispermaceae, and their structure was identified. And several studies have been conducted to synthesize them. Our group also synthesized pareitropone via radical anionic coupling.13 As an extension of the study, total synthesis of chlorine derivative of isoimerubrine was accomplished by 10 steps overall reaction from 3,4,5-trimethoxy benzyl alcohol. It was confirmed that chlorine derivatives react with methoxide to form isoimerubirne. It was also confirmed that azafluoranthene with the same origin from Menispermaceae was synthesized. This suggests that chlorinated derivatives are potentially a platform compound to synthesize of a variety of alkaloid derivatives. The synthesized alkaloid derivatives were tested for bioactivity related to anti-cancer activity. As a result, it was found that isomerubrine and its isomers have inhibitory effect on solid cancer and hematological cancer cells. However, the azafluoranthene derivatives produced during the synthesis did not have specific biological activity against cancer cells. It is believed that synthesizing various derivatives using chlorine derivatives as a platform will greatly contribute to the synthesis of new drugs in the pharmaceutical industry.์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•”๊ณผ ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์•ฝ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ •๋ณตํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ๊ธฐ๊ณผ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋ž˜์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์š”๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ†ต์ฆ, ์—ผ์ฆ, ์†Œํ™”์งˆํ™˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋“ค ๋ฐฉ๊ธฐ๊ณผ ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ™œ์„ฑ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋กœํด๋กœ์•„์ด์†Œํ€ด๋†€๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ์•„์žํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ž€ํ…์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐฉ๊ธฐ๊ณผ ์‹๋ฌผ์—์„œ ํ™•์ธ๋œ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทœ๋ช…๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋“ค์„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋˜ํ•œ ์•„์ด์†Œ๋ฐ”๋‹๋ฆฐ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ผ๋””์นผ ์Œ์ด์˜จ ์ค‘ํ•ฉ์„ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐ˜์‘์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํผ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ๋กœํฐ์„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ฐ์žฅ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ด์†Œ์ด๋ฉ”๋ฃจ๋ธŒ๋ฆฐ์˜ ์—ผ์†Œ ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ 10๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…๋œ ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํŠธ๋กœํด๋กœ์•„์ด์†Œํ€ด๋†€๋ฆฐ ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋“ค์„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฉ”ํ†ก์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ์™€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์—ผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ”ํ†ก์‹œ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜๋œ ์•„์ด์†Œ์ด๋ฉ”๋ฃจ๋ธŒ๋ฆฐ์ด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์›์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์•„์žํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ž€ํ… ์œ ๋„์ฒด ์—ญ์‹œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…๋œ ํŠธ๋กœํด๋กœ์•„์ด์†Œํ€ด๋†€๋ฆฐ ์œ ๋„์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•œ ํŠธ๋กœํด๋กœ์•„์ด์†Œํ€ด๋†€๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ์•„์žํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ž€ํ… ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋“ค์˜ ํ•ญ์•” ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•œ ์•„์ด์†Œ์ด๋ฉ”๋ฃจ๋ธŒ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด์—์„œ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์•”๊ณผ ๊ณ ํ˜•์•”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ๋…์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์•„์ด์†Œ์ด๋ฉ”๋ฃจ๋ธŒ๋ฆฐ์ด ์ด์„ฑ์งˆ์ฒด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ข€๋” ํšจ๋Šฅ์ด ์ข‹๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์•„์žํ”Œ๋ฃจ์˜ค๋ž€ํ… ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” ์•”์„ธํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ™œ์„ฑ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๋ฆฌ ํ™œ์„ฑ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด DMSO์šฉ๋งค์— ์šฉํ•ด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์„์ถœ๋˜์–ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋ง‰์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์šฉํ•ด๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•”์„ธํฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ๋…์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์—ผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ž…๋œ ํŠธ๋กœํด๋กœ์•„์ด์†Œํ€ด๋†€๋ฆฐ์„ ๋ฉ”ํ†ก์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์•Œ์นผ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์œ ๋„์ฒด๋“ค์„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์šฉํ•ด๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜์•ฝ ์‚ฐ์—…์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹ ์•ฝ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.ABSTRACTโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ1 TABLE OF CONTENTSโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ3 LIST OF FIGURESโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ4 LIST OF TABLESโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ5 LIST OF SCHEMESโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ6 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ7 1. Introductionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ8 1.1. Isoquinoline alkaloidsโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ8 1.2. Previous studyโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ11 1.3. Kende radical anionic couplingโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ13 2. Results and Discussionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ15 2.1. Synthetic strategy for platform chemicalโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ15 2.2. Retrosynthetic analysisโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ16 2.3. Synthetic routeโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ17 2.4. Biological activityโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ26 3. Conclusionโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ31 4. Experimental Detailsโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ32 4.1. General Informationโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ32 4.2. Biological activity assayโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ33 4.3. General synthetic methodsโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ35 REFERENCESโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ45 APENDICESโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ49 ABSTRACT IN KOREANโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆโ€ฆ84Maste

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    Analysis of predictive factors of functional outcome after tDCS in post-stroke hemiparetic upper limb by classification and regression trees

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘ ์ดํ›„ ์†์ƒ๋œ ์šด๋™๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์€ ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘ ์žฌํ™œ์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋น„์นจ์Šต์  ๋‡Œ์ž๊ทน ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๊ฒฝ๋‘๊ฐœ์ง๋ฅ˜์ „๊ธฐ์ž๊ทน์€ ์ž๊ทน๋ถ€์œ„์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํฅ๋ถ„์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์šด๋™๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฒฝ๋‘๊ฐœ์ง๋ฅ˜์ „๊ธฐ์ž๊ทน์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ๋‘๊ฐœ์ง๋ฅ˜์ „๊ธฐ์ž๊ทน์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ ์ดŒ์„ธ๋ธŒ๋ž€์Šค๋ณ‘์› ์žฌํ™œ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ์— ์ž…์›ํ•˜์—ฌ 2์ฃผ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋‘๊ฐœ์ง๋ฅ˜์ „๊ธฐ์ž๊ทน ๋ฐ ์šด๋™์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ 131๋ช…์˜ ์ดˆ๋ฐœ ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ํ›„ํ–ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธ๊ตฌํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์˜์ƒ์˜ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ, ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‘ธ๊ธ€-๋งˆ์ด์–ด ์ƒ์ง€์ ์ˆ˜ (Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity)์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋ฅ ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ๋‘๊ฐœ์ง๋ฅ˜์ „๊ธฐ์ž๊ทน์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ˜ธ์ „๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ‘ธ๊ธ€-๋งˆ์ด์–ด ์ƒ์ง€์ ์ˆ˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋ฅ ์˜ ์ž„์ƒ์ ๊ทน์†Œ์ค‘์š”์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ(Classification and Regression Trees, CART) ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ตฐ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ธ์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. CART ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ๋‘๊ฐœ์ง๋ฅ˜์ „๊ธฐ์ž๊ทน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ตฐ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ธ์ž๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ FMA-UE ์ ์ˆ˜, 15ms์—์„œ์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ธก ํ”ผ์งˆ๋‚ด์ด‰์ง„, ์ ญ์Šจ-ํ…Œ์ผ๋Ÿฌ ์ˆ˜์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ‰๊ฐ€ (Jebson-Taylor hand function test, JHFT) ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ 3๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ•˜์œ„๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์ธ โ€˜์ž‘์€๋ฌผ๊ฑด์ง‘๊ธฐโ€™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์ผ์ฐจ์šด๋™์˜์—ญ์˜ ์†์ƒ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ํ‘ธ๊ธ€ ๋งˆ์ด์–ด ์ƒ์ง€ ์ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 20์  ์ด์ƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ณ‘๋ณ€๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ธก ํ”ผ์งˆ๋‚ด์ด‰์ง„ ๊ฐ’์ด 100%๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ํ™•๋ฅ ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘๊ตฐ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํšŒ๊ท€ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ๋‘๊ฐœ์ง๋ฅ˜์ „๊ธฐ์ž๊ทน์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์„ ์ •์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค.ope
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