99 research outputs found
결절성 경화증 연관 신세포암의 분자유전학적 특성 및 발생기전 연구
학위논문(박사)--서울대학교 대학원 :의과대학 의학과,2019. 8. 문경철.목적: 결절성 경화증 연관 신세포암은 독특한 임상 및 조직병리학적 특징을 가지고 있으며 신세포암의 특별한 형태로 고려되고 있다. 결절성 경화증은 TSC1 또는 TSC2 유전자의 이상에 의해 발생한다. 본 연구의 목적은 TSC1 또는 TSC2 유전자의 이상에 의한 mTOR 경로의 활성화를 평가하고 결절성 연관 신세포암의 분자유전학적 특징 및 발생기전을 탐구하고자 하는 것이다.
방법 및 결과: 두 증례의 결절성 경화증 연관 신세포암을 평가하였다. 한 증례는 31세 여성이었고 다른 증례는 8세 남아였다. 면역조직화학염색 검사를 통해 mTOR 경로의 활성화를 평가하였다. 전장 엑솜 염기서열분석을 통해 유전적 돌연변이를 검색하였으며 발생기전을 분석하였다. NanoString Technologies의 nCounter platform을 이용하여 차별 발현 유전자를 평가하였다. 그 결과, 두 증례 모두에서 mTOR 경로의 활성화와 TSC2 유전자의 생식세포 돌연변이를 확인하였다. 전장 엑솜 염기서열분석에서 몇몇 암 유전자의 돌연변이를 확인하였다. 첫 번째 증례에서는 CHD8, CRISPLD1, EPB41L4A, GNA11, NOTCH3, PBRM1, PTPRU, RGS12, SETBP1, SMARCA4, STMN1, ZNRF3 유전자의 돌연변이를, 두 번째 증례에서는 IWS1, TSC2 유전자의 돌연변이가 관찰되었다. 더 나아가, 추정적인 발생기전을 평가하였다. 첫 번째 증례에서는 염색질 재구성, G 단백-결합 수용체, NOTCH 신호전달, Wnt/β-catenin, PP2A, 미세소관 동역학 경로가, 두 번째 증례에서는 mRNA 가공, PI3K/AKT/mTOR 경로가 발생기전으로 평가되었다. 또한 ALK, CRLF2 발현이 두 증례에서 모두 증가되었고 CDH1, MAP3K1, RUNX1, SETBP1, TSC1 발현이 두 증례에서 모두 감소되었다.
결론: 본 연구를 통해, 결절성 경화증 연관 신세포암에서 mTOR 경로의 활성화, 분자유전학적 특징 및 유전적 발생 경로를 밝혔다. 이를 바탕으로 결절성 경화증 연관 신세포암의 발생기전에 대해 보다 깊이 이해할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.Background. Tuberous sclerosis complex-associated renal cell carcinoma (TSC-RCC) has distinct clinical and histopathologic features and is considered a specific subtype of RCC. The genetic alterations of TSC1 or TSC2 are responsible for the development of TSC. In this study, we assessed the mTOR pathway activation and aimed to evaluate molecular characteristics and pathogenic pathways of TSC-RCC.
Methods and results. Two cases of TSC-RCC, one from a 31-year-old female and the other from an 8-year-old male, were assessed. The mTOR pathway activation was determined by immunohistochemistry. The mutational spectrum of both TSC-RCCs were evaluated by whole exome sequencing (WES) and pathogenic pathways were analysed. Differentially expressed genes were analysed by NanoString Technologies nCounter platform. The mTOR pathway activation and the germline mutations of TSC2 were identified in both TSC-RCC cases. The WES revealed several cancer gene alterations. In Case 1, genetic alterations of CHD8, CRISPLD1, EPB41L4A, GNA11, NOTCH3, PBRM1, PTPRU, RGS12, SETBP1, SMARCA4, STMN1 and ZNRF3 were identified. In Case 2, genetic alterations of IWS1 and TSC2 were identified. Further, putative pathogenic pathways included chromatin remodelling, G protein-coupled receptor, Notch signalling, Wnt/β-catenin, PP2A and the microtubule dynamics pathway in Case 1, and mRNA processing and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in Case 2. Additionally, the ALK and CRLF2 mRNA expression was upregulated and CDH1, MAP3K1, RUNX1, SETBP1 and TSC1 mRNA expression was downregulated in both TSC-RCCs.
Conclusions. We present mTOR pathway activation and molecular characteristics with pathogenic pathways in TSC-RCCs, which will advance our understanding of the pathogenesis of TSC-RCC.Abstract ......................................................................................... i
Contents ...................................................................................... iii
List of Tables .............................................................................. iv
List of Figures .............................................................................. v
Introduction .................................................................................. 1
Material and Methods .................................................................. 4
Results ........................................................................................ 23
Discussion .................................................................................. 78
References .................................................................................. 88
Korean abstract ........................................................................... 99
Acknowledgement .................................................................... 101Docto
광 다이오드 기반 인공 망막 시스템을 위한 저전력 설계 및 LCP 패키징에 대한 연구
학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 전기·컴퓨터공학부, 2017. 2. 김성준.The retinal prosthesis is an implantable electronic device that delivers electrical stimuli containing visual information to the retina for the visual restoration of the blinds. The currently available retinal prostheses have several problems in the number of pixels. They are limited in the number of pixels, which restricts the amount of visual information they can deliver. Many research groups are trying to improve their device in this aspect. In order to achieve a significant number of pixels, retinal prosthesis needs large stimulus power dissipation. A typical device consumes more than 20 mW of power to drive 1000 channels. Some of this power can lead to temperature rise which is a safety issue. As the power dissipation scales up with the increase in the number of channels, it is desired to minimize the power per channel as much as possible. Another problem is the absence of a suitable packaging material for the long-term reliable optical window. Due to the curved and narrow implant space available for this kind of device, as well as the transparency required for the incoming wavelengths of lights, it is quite difficult to choose a material that satisfies all requirements of long-term hermetic packaging with optically transparent window. Sapphire glass with titanium metal package are too bulky and rigid, and flexible transparent polymers such as polyimide and parylene-C have high moisture absorption for the implant.
This dissertation proposes strategies and methods to solve the problems mentioned above. Two stimulation strategies are proposed. One strategy is to confine the stimulus level with a threshold that cell is activated. Thus we coin it as thresholding strategy.' The other strategy is to reduce the number of stimulation channels by using only outlines of images (outline extraction strategy). Prototype ICs were designed and fabricated for the verification of the effects of these strategies. The simulation and the measurement agree to show that retinal implant with the thresholding and outline extraction strategies consumes below one-third of the stimulus power of the conventional photodiode-based devices.
Area-efficient designs of the voltage-controlled current source are also adopted to increase the number of channels. The unit pixel area of the fabricated prototype IC was 0.0072 mm2, expanding up to 1200-channels in the macular area.
Liquid crystal polymer (LCP) is proposed as the long-term implantable packaging material with an optical window. It is an inert, biocompatible, and flexible polymer material that has a moisture absorption rate similar to Pyrex glass. We showed that an LCP film with a thickness less than 10 μm allows transmission of the lights in the visible wavelengths by more than 10 %, as the rate increases with thinner films. Thus a thinning process was developed. O2 DRIE was shown effective in reducing the roughness of the film, and the corresponding light scattering. The spatial resolution of LCP with 8.28 μm thickness showed a minimum distinguishable pitch of 90 μm, allowing a 1200 channel integration within a macular area.Chapter 1: Introduction 1
1.1. Retinal Prosthesis – State of the Arts 2
1.1.1. Retinal Prosthesis with External Camera 3
1.1.2. Retinal Prosthesis with Internal Photodiode Array 5
1.2. Photodiode-based Retinal Prosthesis 8
1.2.1. Problems 8
1.2.2. Possible Solutions 12
Chapter 2: Methods 17
2.1. Thresholding 17
2.1.1. Concept 17
2.1.2. Circuit Descriptions 19
2.2. Outline Extraction 28
2.2.1. Concept 28
2.2.2. Circuit Descriptions 30
2.3. Average Stimulus Power Estimation 40
2.3.1. Stimulus Patterns Generation of Conventional and Proposed Strategies 40
2.3.2. Minimum Distinguishable Channels to Recognize 41
2.4. Virtual Channel 43
2.4.1. Concept 43
2.4.2. Circuit Descriptions 44
2.5. Polymer Packaging 51
2.5.1. LCP as a Long-term Reliable Packaging Material 51
2.5.2. Test Methods 53
Chapter 3: Results 58
3.1. Thresholding 58
3.1.1. Fabricated IC 58
3.1.2. Test Setup 60
3.1.3. Test Results 61
3.2. Outline Extraction 65
3.2.1. Simulation Results 65
3.2.2. Fabricated IC 67
3.2.3. Test Setup 68
3.2.4. Test Results 72
3.3. Average Stimulus Power Estimation 76
3.4. Virtual Channels 79
3.4.1. Fabricated IC 79
3.4.2. Test Setup 80
3.4.3. Test Results 81
3.4.4. Two-dimensional Virtual Channel Generator– Test setup and Its Result 84
3.5. Polymer Packaging 87
3.5.1. Light Transmittance according to LCP Thickness 87
3.5.2. Thickness Control of LCP 89
3.5.3. Spatial Resolution of LCP 89
Chapter 4: Discussion 92
4.1. Average Stimulus Power 92
4.2. Visual Acuity 95
4.3. Hermeticity of the Thinned LCP Film 97
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Future Directions 99
References 103
Appendix – Generated Stimulus Patterns of Various the Number of Channels 112
국 문 초 록 139Docto
An Analysis on the Streetscape Characteristics of Motel Districts
학위논문 (석사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 건설환경공학부, 2017. 2. 권영상.모텔은 집적하여 입지하는 특성이 있어 모텔촌이라는 군집을 형성한다. 이러한 모텔촌은 교육환경, 주거환경, 도시미관을 해치는 등의 이유로 꾸준히 지적받아 왔다. 특히 대부분 번화한 상업지역과 인접하여 입지하기에 공공의 입장에서는 상업지역의 이미지를 해치는 요인으로 여겨져 용도변경 장려 등의 다양한 해결책이 제시되기도 했다. 그러나 이미 형성되어 있는 모텔촌에 대해서는 법·제도 차원에서의 제재가 불가능하며, 모텔 이용에 대한 수요는 어디에나 존재하기 때문에 모텔촌 자체를 규제하는 것은 효과적이지 않다.
이러한 상황에서 모텔촌의 가로경관에 대한 관리·개선은 모텔촌의 영업에 영향을 적게 주면서도 모텔촌의 이미지를 개선하고 주변에 미칠 수 있는 부정적인 영향을 최소화 한다는 측면에서 상당히 효과적일 수 있다. 그러나 현재 국내외로 모텔촌의 가로경관관리에 대한 연구가 이루어지지 않았기에 모텔촌의 가로경관에 대한 이해 및 논의가 부족한 상황이다.
따라서 본 연구에서는 모텔촌 가로경관의 특성을 파악하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 구체적으로는, 주변 건축물들과 구별되는 모텔촌 경관의 특징적인 경관 요소를 파악하고, 모텔촌 경관의 이미지 특성을 파악하였다. 또한 이를 통해 모텔촌 경관 연구의 기초 자료를 제공하고 향후 모텔촌의 가로경관관리 방향을 시사하고자 하였다.
이를 위한 고찰, 분석 및 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.
2장에서는 모텔, 모텔촌, 경관분석 이론, 선행연구에 대한 예비적 고찰을 수행하였다. 먼저 모텔 및 모텔촌을 정의하였으며, 모텔의 외관적 특징에 대해 고찰하여 모텔 건축물 고유의 외관적 특징이 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 경관분석 이론을 검토하여 모텔촌의 가로경관을 분석하기 위한 방법으로 어의구별척(SD법)을 선정하였다. 또한 국내외의 모텔 관련 선행연구를 분야별로 분석하여 모텔 연구의 흐름을 정리하고, 본 연구의 차별성을 확인하였다.
3장에서 신촌 모텔촌의 경관요소를 분석한 결과, 입면 및 출입구에서 모텔 고유의 성질과 밀접한 관계를 띄는 경관요소들이 나타났다. 우선 입면 중 창문이 없거나 소극적으로 표현된 경우가 전체의 88%를 차지하여 모텔촌의 입면은 전반적으로 폐쇄적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 출입구 특성의 경우 58%의 모텔 건축물에서 가림막, 가림벽 등 출입자의 사적 영역을 보호하는 시설을 갖추었음을 확인하였다. 신촌 모텔촌은 주로 보행을 통해 이용됨에도 대부분의 모텔에서 주차장을 통해 바로 프론트 진입이 가능하도록 한 구조로 되어있었다. 색채를 주조색과 강조색으로 나누어 분석한 결과, 주조색은 중명도-저채도의 특성을 띄어 배경색으로의 기능을 수행하고 있었으나 강조색의 경우 배색 측면에서 조화롭지 않은 것으로 나타나 향후 색채 계획을 통한 경관 개선이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.
4장에서는 신촌 상업지역 모텔촌 및 인근 상업가로를 대상으로 경관 형용사를 이용하여 경관 특성을 비교함으로써 모텔촌 가로경관의 이미지 특성을 분석하였다. 기술통계량 분석을 시행한 결과 모텔촌의 가로경관은 경관미 측면에서 인근 상업가로에 비해 다소 떨어지며, 답답하다, 막혀있다, 멋없다, 불쾌하다, 획일적이다 등의 느낌을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 차이를 확인하기 위해 t검정을 실시한 결과, 모텔촌과 상업가로의 이미지 특성은 차이가 있는 것으로 검증되었다.
다음으로 요인분석을 수행한 결과 모텔촌의 경관 이미지 평가에는 조화성, 개방성의 두 가지 요인이 존재함을 확인하였다. 특히 개방성 측면에서 모텔촌과 인근 상업가로가 차이를 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 경관형용사를 독립변수로, 경관미를 종속변수로 하여 수행한 다중선형회귀분석의 결과, 모텔촌의 경관미에는 개방성보다 조화성이 더욱 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 보았을 때, 경관요소 분석을 통해 확인한 모텔촌의 경관요소 중 폐쇄적인 입면과 출입구는 개방성과 관련이 있어 경관미에 크게 영향을 끼치지 않는 것으로 보인다. 반면, 건축물 입면의 색채, 옥외광고물의 색채는 조화성과 밀접한 관련이 있어 향후 모텔촌의 가로경관을 관리하는 데에 중요할 것으로 사료된다.
본 연구는 그동안 이루어지지 않았던, 모텔의 가로경관에 대한 구체적인 분석을 수행하였다는 점에서 의의와 차별성을 갖는다. 또한 모텔촌의 경관요소를 밝히고, 모텔촌 가로경관의 이미지 특성을 파악하여 모텔촌 경관 연구의 기초 자료 및 향후 경관관리의 방향을 제시했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.1. 서론 1
2. 예비적 고찰 5
3. 신촌 모텔촌의 경관요소 분석 23
4. 신촌 모텔촌 가로경관의 이미지 특성 분석 45
5. 결론 61
참고문헌 65
부록 69
Abstract 76Maste
Factors affecting drug survival of an alternative TNF inhibitor and secukinumab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis switching from the first TNF inhibitor
Background: To investigate factors associated with drug survival of an alternative tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) and secukinumab (SEC) after switching from the first TNFi in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).
Methods: We included a total of 78 patients with AS who switched to an alternative TNFi (n = 56) or SEC (n = 22) from the first TNFi. Patient characteristics at the time of switching and drug discontinuation rate were compared between the two groups. Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with the risk of discontinuing the alternative TNFi and SEC.
Results: The proportion of patients with syndesmophytes was numerically lower (28.6% versus 45.5%, p = 0.155) and the C-reactive protein (CRP) level was numerically higher [3.8 (1.0-15.4) mg/L versus 1.1 (0.5-3.5) mg/L, p = 0.060] in patients who received an alternative TNFi. The drug discontinuation rate (alternative TNFi: 35.7% versus SEC: 36.4%, p = 0.957) and reasons for discontinuation were similar (primary failure, p = 0.342; secondary failure, p > 0.999; and adverse events, p = 0.670) between the two groups. A higher CRP level at switching was associated with a lower risk (adjusted HR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.87-0.99, p = 0.022) of discontinuing the alternative TNFi, and primary failure of the first TNFi was associated with a higher risk [adjusted HR (HR) = 5.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.91-14.11, p = 0.001]. Current smokers (adjusted HR = 5.77, 95% CI = 1.20-27.74, p = 0.029) and the presence of syndesmophytes (adjusted HR = 7.49, 95% CI = 1.39-40.23, p = 0.019) were associated with a higher risk of discontinuing SEC.
Conclusion: When switching the drug from the first TNFi in patients with AS, an alternative TNFi could be preferable in patients with higher CRP levels or syndesmophytes, or current smokers, whereas SEC could be a better choice in patients who presented primary failure of the first TNFi in terms of drug survival.ope
Disease-specific factors associated with cardiovascular events in patients with Takayasu arteritis
Background: To identify disease-specific factors associated with cardiovascular events in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TAK).
Methods: Patients with TAK who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of TAK and were followed up between 2006 and 2019 were included. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors and TAK disease-specific factors at the index date and incident cardiovascular events during the follow-up were retrospectively assessed. To estimate the risk of cardiovascular events according to TAK disease-specific factors, Cox regression analysis with adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors was performed.
Results: Of the total 207 patients with TAK, cardiovascular events occurred in 41 (19.8%) patients. Compared with patients who did not develop cardiovascular events, patients who developed cardiovascular events were older (38.5 ± 13.4 years vs. 43.6 ± 11.8 years, p = 0.028), more commonly had diabetes mellitus (6.6% vs. 19.5%, p = 0.029), had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (57.3 ± 17.1 mg/dl vs. 51.2 ± 15.7 mg/dl, p = 0.040), more commonly had type V vascular involvement (33.1% vs. 63.4%, p 0.001), and less commonly received methotrexate (65.1% vs. 43.9%, p = 0.013). In Cox regression analysis, type V vascular involvement was significantly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events (adjusted HR 2.852, 95% CI 1.474-5.518, p = 0.002), whereas the use of methotrexate was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events (adjusted HR 0.515, 95% CI 0.268-0.993, p = 0.047).
Conclusion: Type V vascular involvement was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, while the use of methotrexate was associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events, in patients with TAK.ope
Tumour necrosis factor inhibitor tapering in patients with ankylosing spondylitis at low disease activity: factors associated with flare
Background: To investigate factors associated with flare in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) who tapered tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) after achievement of low disease activity (LDA) with the standard dose of TNFis.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 101 patients with AS who tapered their first TNFis after achievement of LDA. The proportion of reduced versus standard doses of TNFi throughout the follow up in each patient was quantified using the time-averaged dose quotient (DQ). Clinical characteristics were compared between patients who did and did not experience flare after TNFi tapering. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with flare. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the cut-offs of these covariates that best predicted flare.
Results: Of the total 101 patients, 45 (44.6%) patients experienced flare after TNFi tapering. Compared with patients who did not experience flare, those who experienced flare had a shorter disease duration (p = 0.006), shorter LDA duration before TNFi tapering (p < 0.001) and lower time-averaged DQ (p < 0.001). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, the LDA duration [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 0.944, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.906-0.983, p = 0.006] and time-averaged DQ (adjusted HR: 0.978, 95% CI: 0.959-0.998, p = 0.032) were inversely associated with flare. The cut-off values of the LDA duration and time-averaged DQ that best predicted flares were <5.3 months and <60.6%, respectively.
Conclusion: Shorter LDA duration (cut-off value: 5.3 months) and lower time-averaged DQ (cut-off value: 60.6%) were associated with a higher risk of flare after tapering TNFi.ope
Worse Renal Presentation and Prognosis in Initial-Onset Lupus Nephritis than Early-Onset Lupus Nephritis
Purpose: To compare the clinical characteristics and renal outcomes between patients who initially had lupus nephritis (LN) at the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (initial-onset LN) and those who developed LN within 5 years after SLE onset (early-onset LN).
Materials and methods: SLE patients with biopsy-proven LN were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical parameters and renal outcomes were compared between initial-onset and early-onset LN groups. We used Cox regression analysis to estimate risk of worse renal outcomes according to the onset time of LN.
Results: Of all 136 LN patients, 92 (67.6%) and 44 (32.4%) patients were classified into the initial-onset and early-onset LN groups, respectively. The initial-onset LN group had higher prevalences of class IV LN (54.3% vs. 34.1%, p=0.027), impaired renal function (34.8% vs. 11.4%, p=0.004), microscopic hematuria (73.9% vs. 54.5%, p=0.024), and higher urine protein/creatinine ratio [4626.1 (2180.0-6788.3) mg/g vs. 2410.0 (1265.0-5168.5) mg/g, p=0.006] at LN diagnosis. Renal relapse (46.3% vs. 25.7%, p=0.039) and progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were more common (24.4% vs. 8.3%, p=0.042) in the initial-onset LN group. In Cox regression analysis, the initial-onset LN group had higher risks of renal relapse [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 3.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51-8.35, p=0.004] and progression to CKD or ESRD (adjusted HR 4.57, 95% CI 1.03-20.17, p=0.045), compared with the early-onset LN group.
Conclusion: Patients with LN at SLE onset may have more severe renal presentations and experience worse renal outcomes than those who develop LN within 5 years.ope
Non-histologic factors discriminating proliferative lupus nephritis from membranous lupus nephritis
Background: To investigate non-histologic factors that can discriminate proliferative lupus nephritis (LN) from membranous LN in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with renal manifestations.
Methods: Patients with biopsy-proven proliferative LN (class III ± V and class IV ± V) and membranous LN (class V) were included. Non-histologic factors were compared between the two groups. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with proliferative LN. To assess the accuracy of these factors in discriminating between proliferative LN and membranous LN, we performed a receiver-operating characteristic analysis.
Results: Of the total 168 patients with biopsy-proven LN, 150 patients (89.3%) had proliferative LN, and 18 patients (10.7%) had membranous LN. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, positive anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody (adjusted OR = 11.200, 95% CI = 2.202-56.957, p = 0.004) was associated with proliferative LN, while positive anti-U1RNP antibody (adjusted OR = 0.176, 95% CI = 0.040-0.769, p = 0.021) and higher glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (adjusted OR = 0.973, 95% CI = 0.951-0.994, p = 0.013) were inversely associated with proliferative LN. Among these covariates, the anti-dsDNA antibody (area under the curve = 0.806, 95% CI = 0.695-0.916) had the highest accuracy in discriminating between proliferative LN and membranous LN.
Conclusion: The positivity of anti-dsDNA antibody was associated with proliferative LN, while the positivity of anti-U1RNP antibody and GFR were inversely associated with proliferative LN. The anti-dsDNA antibody had a good accuracy in discriminating proliferative LN from membranous LN.ope
The Cardboard Print Program that Creates the Variation Utilizing a Selfname: Focused on Elementary Art Education
(A) vision-based active evasive maneuver system for mid-air collision avoidance of UAVs
학위논문(석사) - 한국과학기술원 : 항공우주공학과, 2022.8,[vii, 88 p. :]높은 성능과 신뢰성을 갖춘 무인 항공기의 등장과 맞물린 시각 기반 인지 시스템의 발전은 조종사 없이 목표에 따라 임무를 수행하는 자율비행 시스템의 등장을 예고하고 있다. 현재의 자율비행 시스템은 아직 상황 대처 능력이 완벽하지 않으며, 소형 무인 항공기의 자율 운용에서의 시급한 과제들 중 하나는 공중 충돌 상황의 예측 및 예방이다. 본 연구에서는 스테레오 카메라를 이용한 독립 이동 물체 검출 및 추적과 회피기동 결정 시스템의 설계 및 시험을 진행하며, 운동하는 카메라에서 촬영한 영상으로부터 공중 충돌 가능성을 가진 물체를 검출 및 판단하는 것을 핵심 목표로 한다. 카메라의 이동에 따른 이미지의 기하학적 구조 변화를 2차원 변환으로 근사하고, 배경 제거 기법을 이용해 독립 이동 물체의 모션 벡터를 검출한다. 시각 기반 시스템의 특성과 2차원 근사 과정에서 발생하는 잡음을 처리하기 위해 이미지 필터와 시계열 필터링을 사용한다. 여기에 군집화 알고리즘과 거리 기반 추적 알고리즘을 사용해 해당 물체의 위치를 연속적으로 추정하고 칼만 필터를 사용해 물체의 위치에 대한 최적의 통계적 예측을 수행한다. 이후 스테레오 카메라를 이용한 거리 추정을 통해 위협을 판단하고 회피 기동 여부를 결정한다. 해당 시스템을 쿼드콥터 기체에 설치해 작동을 시험하고 상황에 따른 작동 변수를 도출한다.한국과학기술원 :항공우주공학과
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