화성적 기대감과 전문성이 청각피질의 반응에 미치는 영향: 뇌자도 연구

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 음악대학 협동과정음악학, 2018. 2. 이석원.however, the effect on the auditory cortex has rarely been examined. The processing of auditory stimuli depends on both afferent and efferent auditory pathways. Behavioral studies have indicated that the chords harmonically related to the preceding context are more rapidly processed than unrelated chords. P2 (the positive auditory-evoked potential at approximately 200 ms) is principally affected by musical experience, and the source of P2 is the associative auditory temporal regions, with additional contributions from the frontal area. Based on anatomical evidence of interconnections between the frontal cortex and the belt and parabelt regions in the auditory cortex, we hypothesized that musical expectations would affect neural activities in the auditory cortex via an efferent pathway. To test this hypothesis, we created five-chord progressions with the third chord manipulated (highly expected, less expected, and unexpected) and measured the auditory-evoked fields (AEFs) of seven musicians and seven non-musicians while they listened to musical stimuli. The results indicated that the highly expected chords elicited shorter N1m (negative AEF at approximately 100 ms) and P2m (a magnetic counterpart of P2) latencies and larger P2m amplitudes in the auditory cortex than the less-expected and unexpected chords. The relations between P2m amplitudes/latencies and harmonic expectations were similar between the groupshowever, the results were more remarkable for the musicians than the non-musicians. These findings suggest that auditory cortical processing is enhanced by musical knowledge and long-term training in an efferent pathway, which is reflected by shortened N1m and P2m latencies and enhanced P2m amplitudes in the auditory cortex.The present study investigated the effects of harmonic expectations and musical expertise on auditory cortical processing using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Numerous studies have demonstrated that musical experiences enhance auditory cortical processinghowever, few studies have examined the effect of harmonic expectations on auditory cortical processing. Most studies regarding auditory cortical response enhancement have investigated acoustical sound without harmonic contexts as stimuli. Studies have demonstrated that harmonic expectations are processed in the inferior frontal gyri and elicit an early right anterior negativity (ERAN)1. Introduction 1 2. Background 5 2.1. Musical Expectation 5 2.1.1. Musical Expectation and Behavioral Research 5 2.1.2. Musical Expectation and Neuroscientific Research 10 2.2. Musical Expertise and the Brain 13 2.3. Music and Auditory Cortical Responses 17 2.3.1. Auditory Cortical Responses 18 2.3.2. Auditory Cortical Responses by Acoustical Features 19 2.3.3. Enhancement of N1 and P2 by Training 21 2.4. The Efferent Pathway 25 2.5. Magnetoencephalography 29 3. Objectives and Hypothesis 31 4. Methods 32 4.1. Participants 32 4.2. Stimuli 33 4.3. Procedures 36 4.4. Magnetoencephalography Recordings 37 4.5. Data Analysis 38 4.6. Source Localization 40 5. Results 44 5.1. Auditory-Evoked Fields (AEFs) for Three Conditions at T3 (3rd Trigger) 44 5.2. Acoustical Similarity and Harmonic Expectation 51 5.2.1. P2m for Acoustical Similarity 52 5.2.2. P2m for Harmonic Expectation 56 5.3. Correlation between Auditory and Frontal Responses 57 5.4. Correlation between Training Hours and Auditory Responses 58 6. Discussion 60 6.1. Highlights of the Research 60 6.2. Implications 61 6.2.1. Shortened P2m Latencies and Increased P2m Amplitudes as a Result of Harmonic Expectations 61 6.2.2. Shortened P2m Latencies and Increased P2m Amplitudes as a Result of Musical Expertise 65 6.2.3. Reduced P2m Amplitudes by Acoustical Similarity 68 6.2.4. P2m Amplitude vs. Latency 70 6.3. Limitations and Future Directions 73 7. Conclusion 75 References 77 Abstract in Korean 97Docto

金融機關의 컴플라이언스 制度에 관한 硏究 : 국내 증권회사를 중심으로

학위논문(석사) --서울대학교 경영전문대학원 :경영학과(SNU MBA),2010.2.Maste

comparison of self-reported and accelerometer-measured data using isotemporal substitution analysis

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 보건대학원 보건학과, 2022. 8. 조성일.배경: 우울증은 전 세계적으로 정신 건강 관련 질병 부담의 주요 원인이며 한국은 경제 협력 개발 기구(OECD) 국가 중 우울증 유병률이 가장 높은 국가이다. 신체활동은 잠재적으로 수정가능한 우울증 위험 요인 중 하나로, 우울증에 대한 보호 효과가 나타나는 것으로 알려져 있다. 최근, 신뢰성 있는 연구 결과를 위한 신체 활동 측정 방법의 타당성과 신뢰성에 대해 논의가 진행되고 있으며 신체활동 측정을 위하여 주로 자기보고식 설문지와 가속도계가 사용되고 있다. 또한 등시간대체모델(ISM)이 신체 활동의 영향을 분석하기 위한 gold standard로 등장하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 자기보고식 설문 및 가속도계로 측정한 신체활동과 우울증의 연관성을 규명하며, 신체활동 대체가 우울증에 미치는 영향을 확인하고 각 측정방법의 결과를 비교하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구 방법: 본 연구는 국민건강영양조사(KNHANES) 자료를 이용한 횡단면 연구로 1,541명의 참가자가 분석에 포함되었다. 자기보고식 및 가속도계 측정 신체 활동을 모두 수행한 참가자가 분석에 포함되었다. 신체 활동은 GPAQ (Global Physical Assessment Questionnaire)와 ActiGraph GT3X+가속도계로 측정되었으며 우울증은 PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9)로 평가되었다. 모든 분석에는 SAS 9.4가 활용되었다. 결과: 우울증에 대한 신체활동의 영향은 신체활동 측정방법에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 가속도계로 측정한 신체활동에서는, 등시간대체모형에서는 SB를 MVPA (OR: 0.810, 95% CI: 0.667-0.984)로 대체하였을 때 우울증에 유의미한 보호효과를 보였다. 반면, MVPA를 덜 활동적인 SB (OR:1.235, 95% CI: 1.017-1.500) 로 대체하였을 경우에는 우울증의 위험이 높아졌다. 단일변수 모델과 파티션 모델 결과에 따르면 MVPA (OR: 0.790, 95% CI: 0.657-0.951; OR: 0.812, 95% CI: 0.671-0.982)는 우울증에 유의미한 보호효과를 나타냈다. 자기보고식 설문지로 측정한 신체활동 중 SB, walking, Work MVPA, Leisure MVPA를 모델에 투입하였을 때, 등시간대체모델에서는 SB를 Work MVPA (OR: 1.103, 95% CI:1.040-1.170)로 대체하거나 walking을 Work MVPA (OR: 1.115, 95% CI:1.017-1.234)로 대체하였을 때 우울증의 위험이 높아졌다. 반면, Work MVPA를 SB (OR:0.907, 95% CI: 0.855-0.961)이나 walking (OR: 0.897, 95% CI:0.817-0.984)으로 대체하였을 경우에는 우울증의 위험이 낮아졌다. 단일변수모델과 파티션 모델의 경우, Work MVPA (OR:1.113, 95% CI: 1.051-1.178; OR:1.122, 95% CI: 1.058-1.190)는 우울증의 위험을 높이는 것이 관찰되었다. 결론: 신체 활동과 우울증 사이에는 연관성이 존재하였으나 신체활동을 측정하는 방법에 따라 결과의 방향이 다르게 나타났다. 가속도계로 측정한 신체 활동은 우울증에 보호효과가 나타났지만, 자기보고식 설문을 통한 신체 활동은 우울증 위험을 증가시켜 신체 활동의 역설(Physical activity paradox)을 시사하였다. 이러한 동일한 대상에 대한 신체 활동의 상반된 결과는 각 측정방법의 한계점 또는 측정 기간의 불일치에 의한 것일 가능성 때문일 수 있다. 신뢰할 수 있고 타당한 신체활동 데이터를 얻기 위하여 향후 진행되는 연구에서는 객관적인 측정을 위한 가속도계 사용과 함께 신체활동 일지의 기록이 병행되어야 할 것이다.Introduction: Depression is a leading cause of mental health-related disease burden globally, and Korea has the highest prevalence of depression among Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) nations. Physical activity is one of the modifiable risk factors for depression and is known to have protective effects against depression. Recently, the validity and reliability of a method for measuring physical activity for accurate study results have been a point of discussion. A self-report questionnaire and an accelerometer are the most used methods for evaluating physical activity. Furthermore, the isotemporal substitution model (ISM) has become the gold standard for analyzing the effects of physical activity. Thus, this study aims to identify the association between depression and physical activity measured by self-reported and accelerometer, confirm the effect of physical activity substitution on depression, and compare the results of each measurement method. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and 1,541 participants were included in the analysis. Participants who conducted both self-reported and accelerometer-measured physical activity were included in the analysis. Physical activity had been measured by Global Physical Assessment Questionnaire (GPAQ)and accelerometer. Depression examination had been conducted by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). All the analyses were conducted with SAS version 9.4. Result: Depending on the physical activity measurement method, the effect of physical activity on depression differed. In physical activity measured by accelerometer, for the isotemporal substitution model, replacing SB with MVPA (OR: 0.810, 95% CI: 0.667-0.984) had a significant protective effect on depression. On the other hand, the risk of depression increased when MVPA was replaced with SB (OR: 1.235, 95% CI: 1.017-1.500) which was relatively inactive. According to the single parameter model and partition model, MVPA had a significant protective effect (OR: 0.790, 95% CI: 0.657-0.951; OR: 0.812, 95% CI: 0.671-0.982) on depression. Among the physical activities measured by the self-report questionnaire, when SB, walking, Work MVPA, and Leisure MVPA were input to the model, in the isotemporal substitution model, the risk of depression increased when SB was substituted with Work MVPA (OR: 1.103, 95% CI: 1.040-1.170) or when walking was substituted with Work MVPA (OR: 1.115, 95% CI: 1.017-1.234). In contrast, when Work MVPA was substituted with SB (OR: 0.907, 95% CI: 0.855-0.961) or walking (OR: 0.897, 95% CI: 0.817-0.984), the risk of depression was decreased. In the single parameter model and partition model, Work MVPA (OR: 1.113, 95% CI: 1.051-1.178; OR: 1.122, 95% CI: 1.058-1.190) was observed to increase the risk of depression. Conclusion: There was an association between physical activity and depression, but the direction of the result differed depending on the method that measured physical activity. Although accelerometer-measured physical activity showed a protective effect on depression, self-reported physical activity increased the risk of depression, suggesting a physical activity paradox. These contradictory results of physical activity on the same participants may be due to the limitations of each measurement method or the inconsistent measurement period. Future research should use an accelerometer for objective measurement and simultaneously record a physical activity diary to collect reliable and valid data on physical activity.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Literature review 3 1.3 Objectives 6 Chapter 2. Methods 7 2.1 Data sources and Study participants 7 2.2 Measurement 9 2.2.1 Depression 9 2.2.2 Self-reported Physical activity 9 2.2.3 Accelerometer-measured Physical activity 12 2.2.4 Covariates 13 2.3 Statistical analysis 14 Chapter 3. Results 16 Chapter 4. Discussion 46 Chapter 5. Conclusion 52 Reference 53 Summary (Korean) 57석

Nature of a Wet Electron Bound to the Water Dodecamer

Maste

A study on prostitution policies in Korea

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 사회학과, 2011.2. 정진성.Docto

풀로렌 유도체의 도핑 속성 및 KOH 용액과 선형 형태의 물에서의 양성자 이동에 관한 이론적 연구

Docto

ISG15에 의한 PCNA의 변형이 Error-Prone Translesion DNA Synthesis의 종결에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 생명과학부, 2014. 8. 정진하.In response to DNA damage, PCNA is mono-ubiquitinated and triggers translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) by recruiting polymerase-. However, it remained unknown how error-prone TLS is turned off after DNA lesion bypass to prevent mutagenesis. Here, I showed that ISG15 modification (ISGylation) of PCNA plays a key role in TLS termination. Upon UV irradiation, EFP, an ISG15 E3 ligase, bound to mono-ubiquitinated PCNA and promoted its ISGylation. ISGylated PCNA then tethered USP10 for deubiquitination and in turn the release of polymerase- from PCNA. Eventually, PCNA was deISGylated by UBP43 for reloading of replicative DNA polymerases and resuming normal DNA replication. However, ISGylation-defective Lys-to-Arg mutations in PCNA or knockdown of any of ISG15, EFP, or USP10 led to persistent recruitment of mono-ubiquitinated PCNA and polymerase- to nuclear foci, causing an increase in mutation frequency and in turn a decrease in cell survival. These findings establish a crucial role of PCNA ISGylation in termination of error-prone TLS for preventing excessive mutagenesis and thereby for the maintenance of genome stability.TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT i TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES vi BACKGROUND 1 1. Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) 1 2. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) 2 3. Ubiquitin 4 4. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) 5 5. Purpose of thesis work 11 INTRODUCTION 12 MATERIALS AND METHODS 17 1. Plasmids and antibodies 17 2. Cell culture and transfection 18 3. Immunoprecipitation and NTA pull-down analysis 19 4. Purification of proteins 19 5. Immunocytochemistry 20 6. Chromatin fractionation 20 7. supF plasmid-based mutation assay 21 8. Cell cycle analysis 22 RESULTS 23 1. UV induces ISG15-conjugating system 23 2. PCNA has two ISG15 acceptor sites 28 3. UV induces sequential modification of PCNA by ubiquitin and ISG15 39 4. EFP serves as an ISG15 E3 ligase of PCNA 52 5. Mono-ubiquitination of PCNA is required for its interaction with EFP 59 6. USP10 has a PIP box and removes mono-ubiquitin from PCNA 64 7. ISGylation of PCNA is required for its interaction with USP10 74 8. PCNA ISGylation causes the release of Pol form PCNA 77 9. PCNA ISGylation down-regulates nuclear foci formation 80 10. PCNA ISGylation blocks TLS-mediated mutagenesis 85 11. PCNA is eventually deISGylated by UBP43 104 DISCUSSION 115 REFERENCES 122 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 133Docto

Middle school students` conceptual change of respiration by questions inducing cognitive conflict and activity types

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :과학교육과 생물전공,2005.Maste

A Study on the changes in phosphorus-containing metabolites in in vivo MR spectroscopy of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast

학위논문(박사)--서울대학교 대학원 :의학과 방사선과학전공,2000.Docto