18 research outputs found

    The Origins of Chobo, Daily Gazette, in the Yi Dynasty

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    ํ•œ๊ตญ์ˆ˜์ž์›๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์ •์ฑ…ํ•™๊ณผ,2019. 8. ์ด์ˆ˜์˜.2018๋…„์— ์ •๋ถ€์กฐ์ง๋ฒ•, ๋ฌผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ผ์›ํ™”๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ•๋ น์ด ๊ตญํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ˆ˜์ž์›๊ณต์‚ฌ(K-water)๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฌด๋ถ€์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ตญํ† ๋ถ€์—์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๋“ฑ ๋ฌผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์€ ๋ฌผํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ K-water๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ผ์›ํ™” ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์š”์ž ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์งˆ ๋“ฑ์„ ์•„์šฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์ต์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ K-water๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์œ„์ƒ์„ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ์ฒด๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ด‘์—ญ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ’ˆ์งˆ์š”์ธ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ˆ˜๋„ ์‚ฌ์—…์žฅ(๋ถ€์„œ)์„ ๋ถ„์„๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ’ˆ์งˆ ์ธ์‹์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ, PCSI ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ด‘์—ญ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„ ์ด์šฉ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ด‘์—ญ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„ ๋งค์ถœ์•ก ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„, ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํŒจ๋„๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ , ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€์š”์ธ์ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ƒํ’ˆํ’ˆ์งˆ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ „๋‹ฌํ’ˆ์งˆ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ™˜๊ฒฝํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ „๋‹ฌํ’ˆ์งˆ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ™˜๊ฒฝํ’ˆ์งˆ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ƒํ’ˆํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šคํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ์˜ ์„ ํ–‰๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณต๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ์˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šคํ’ˆ์งˆ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์กด์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—์„œ ๋ฐํžŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ’ˆ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ ์ œ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์— ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์žฌํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ์›์ด ๊ด‘์—ญ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„ ๋งค์ถœ์•ก์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€๋Š” ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฒ•๋ น์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋…์ ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด‘์—ญ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ’ˆ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด ๋งค์ถœ์•ก์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ณผ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ๋•Œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋“ฑ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.K-water(Korea Water Resources Corporation) faces a trend of changing paradigm in water management, such as the change of the competent department from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport to the Ministry of Environment, as the legislation related to "unification of water management" such as the government organizing law and the water management basic law passed through the National Assembly in 2018. In addition, the public is demanding sustainable water management, such as emphasizing the improvement of the water environment. Accordingly, K-water should reflect the government's unification policy of water management and various needs of the people's water, so that the water management direction should be shifted from the supplier center to the consumer center and the water management should be performed from an integrated point of view including water quantity and quality. In terms of public interest and profitability, K-water believes that it is essential to understand the impact of waterworks service quality on organizational performance in order to establish a status as a truly trusted public enterprise from the people, and for its sustainable development. The purpose of this study was to identify service quality factors reflecting the characteristics of the wide-area waterworks and to analyze the relationship between waterworks service quality perception and organizational performance such as customer satisfaction(effectiveness index) and sales improvement(efficiency index). For this purpose, based on the theoretical background of previous studies, I derived a research model based on the PCSI(Public service Customer Satisfaction Index) model and set up a research hypothesis. To test this, I did basic statistical analysis, correlation analysis and panel data analysis by using the PCSI results and wide-area waterworks sales data. The empirical results of this study are summarized as follows. First, service product quality, service delivery quality, and service environment quality, which are the detailed factors of waterworks service quality, have a significantly positive impact on customer satisfaction. When comparing the size of the influence of waterworks service quality on customer satisfaction, the order of service delivery quality, service environment quality and service product quality was shown. This result is consistent with the previous research results that service quality is a leading variable of customer satisfaction. In particular, it can be confirmed that the relationship between service quality improvement and customer satisfaction enhancement revealed in previous studies related to service quality in the public sector is highly correlated. Additionally, it is found that each dimension of waterworks service quality has no significant effect on sales of wide-area waterworks, which is not consistent with previous research results. It is analyzed that this is due to the characteristics of the wide-area waterworks system which carries out exclusive business according to related laws and regulations. In this study, I could not derive empirical results that service quality improvement can increase sales. However, when we look at the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction, it is necessary to continue the efforts to improve service quality such as customer-centered service items development for the happiness of the public.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 4 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜์™€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  5 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ’ˆ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 5 1. ๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ •์˜ 5 2. ๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์œ ํ˜• 7 3. ๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ฐจ์› 9 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋…ผ์˜ 19 1. ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ์˜ ์ •์˜ 21 2. ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 24 3. ๊ณต๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ(PCSI) 25 4. ๋งค์ถœ์•ก์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋งŒ์กฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 28 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 29 1. ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ’ˆ์งˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 29 2. ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 37 3. ์ƒ์ˆ˜๋„์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ’ˆ์งˆ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์„ค 40 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ 44 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 45 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ‹€ 45 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘์  ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 46 1. ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘์  ์ •์˜ 46 2. ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 49 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 50 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„ 50 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 52 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ํŒจ๋„๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 54 1. ํŒจ๋„๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 54 2. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 55 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  59 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 59 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  60 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 63 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 65 Abstract 69Maste

    Comparison of prognostic prediction between 6th and 7th edition AJCC TNM staging system for colorectal cancer

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชฉ์ ๋Œ€์žฅ์•”์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์  ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 6ํŒ๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ๊ฐœ์ •๋œ 7ํŒ AJCC TNM ๋ณ‘๊ธฐ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฒ•์˜ ์˜ˆํ›„ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ ฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ 7ํŒ ๋ณ‘๊ธฐ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฒ•์ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋Œ€์žฅ์•” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์˜ˆํ›„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ์ง€์˜ ์ž„์ƒ์  ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•2002๋…„ 1์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2007๋…„ 12์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‹ ์ดŒ ์„ธ๋ธŒ๋ž€์Šค ๋ณ‘์› ์™ธ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์žฅ์•”์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ ํ•ญ์•” ํ™”ํ•™ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์š”๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ํ™˜์ž ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ 30์ผ ์ด๋‚ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ํ™˜์ž, ๋ฆผํ”„์ ˆ ์ „์ด์—ฌ๋ถ€ ํŒ์ •์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ Nx ๋ฐ ํš๋“๋œ ๋ฆผํ”„์ ˆ์ด 12๊ฐœ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ธ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ 2168๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ œ6ํŒ๊ณผ ์ œ7ํŒ AJCC TNM ๋ณ‘๊ธฐ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ 5๋…„ ์ „์ฒด ์ƒ์กด์œจ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒ์กด๋ถ„์„์€ Kaplan-meier ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์ƒ์กด์œจ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” log-rank test๋กœ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๊ฒฐ๊ณผ7ํŒ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ T4a์™€ T4b์‚ฌ์ด์— 5๋…„ ์ „์ฒด ์ƒ์กด์œจ์˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.(P=0.997) 7ํŒ์˜ N๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 5๋…„ ์ „์ฒด ์ƒ์กด์œจ์€ N0 90.3%, N1a 85.2%, N1b 70.4%, N2a 58.1%, N2b 38.0% ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ธ๋ถ€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.(p<0.001)7ํŒ TNM ๋ณ‘๊ธฐ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฒ•์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ‘๊ธฐ ๋ณ„ 5๋…„ ์ „์ฒด ์ƒ์กด์œจ์€ I๊ธฐ(96.9%), IIA๊ธฐ(92.1%), IIB๊ธฐ(82.7%), IIC๊ธฐ(90.0%), IIIA๊ธฐ(90.9%), IIIB๊ธฐ(81.4%), IIIC๊ธฐ(54.2%)์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, IVA๊ธฐ (32.3%), IVB๊ธฐ(17.4%)์˜€๋‹ค.์ œ7ํŒ์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ๋ณ‘๊ธฐ IIC๋Š” IIB์™€ 5๋…„ ์ „์ฒด ์ƒ์กด์œจ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ7ํŒ์—์„œ IIIC์—์„œ IIIB๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€ T3N2a์˜ 5๋…„ ์ „์ฒด ์ƒ์กด์œจ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋œ T, N ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ์ œ์™ธ์‹œํ‚จ 5๋…„ ์ „์ฒด ์ƒ์กด์œจ์—์„œ IIIB์™€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 7ํŒ์—์„œ ๋ณ‘๊ธฐ IV์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ 5๋…„ ์ „์ฒด ์ƒ์กด์œจ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด IVa 32.3%, IVb 17.4%๋กœ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.(p=0.026) ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๊ฐœ์ •๋œ ์ œ7ํŒ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ณ‘๊ธฐII์—์„œ IIB์™€ IIC๋Š” 5๋…„ ์ „์ฒด ์ƒ์กด์œจ์˜ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณ‘๊ธฐ II ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ œ6ํŒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™” ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜ˆํ›„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ N์„ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™” ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ˆํ›„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ผ๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.๋ณ‘๊ธฐ III์—์„œ T3N2a๊ฐ€ IIIC์—์„œ IIIB๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณ‘๊ธฐ IV์—์„œ IVA์™€ IVB๋Š” 5๋…„ ์ „์ฒด ์ƒ์กด์œจ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์–ด ์ œ6ํŒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์˜ˆํ›„๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋” ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ์ผ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์ƒ์กด์œจ๋งŒ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋Œ€์žฅ์•” ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ณ‘๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜ˆํ›„๊ฐ€ ์ œ7ํŒ AJCC TNM ๋ณ‘๊ธฐ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ ค๋˜๋ฉฐ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ๋‹ค ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค.ope

    (An) analysis on the appraisal of current status of health care projects conducted by the staffs of health center

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    ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด์‚ฌ์—… ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์  ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์š”์›์ด ๋Š๋‚€๋ฐ”์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ตญ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 1986๋…„ 4์›” 1์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋™์›” 30์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰ํ•œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1 .๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ ์—…๋ฌด์ค‘ ํ–‰์ •์—…๋ฌด๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐ„ ํŠน์ƒ‰์—†์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜€๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ฑ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒ•์ , ์ œ๋„์  ๋ชจ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ์ƒ์ถฉ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ์ •๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์—…๋ฌด์™€ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ด ํŠนํžˆ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. 2. ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์—…๋ฌด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์‹คํƒœ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋˜๊ณ  ํŽธ์žฌํ•œ ์‹œ ยท๊ตฌ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์—…๋ฌด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์€ ์ €์กฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฌธ ์ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ์—…๋ฌด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ์‹œ์ฑ…์—์„œ ํƒˆํ”ผํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ™œ๋™์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. 3 .์˜๋ฃŒ์—…๋ฌด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐ„ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์‹คํƒœ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‹œยท๊ตฌ์ง€์—ญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฐ์ดํ•˜์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋น„๊ต์  ๋†’๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋˜์–ด ์˜๋ฃŒ์ทจ์•ฝ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ๋Š” ์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ช…๋งฅ์€ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ถ€์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณดํ˜ธ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข… ์‹ ์ฒด๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ •๋„์— ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ทจ์•ฝ ์ง€์—ญ์ด๋‚˜ ๋นˆ๊ณค์ธต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” 1์ฐจ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ์˜ ํ™•์ถฉ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์–ด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ํ–‰์ •์—…๋ฌด์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ญํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ฑด์— ์•Œ๋งž๋Š” ๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์šด์˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์ฒด ๋ชจํ˜•๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ์ž์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ๋‹จ์œ„ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ํ™•์ถฉ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์  ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ „๊ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์—…๋ฌด์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์˜๋ฃŒ์ทจ์•ฝ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋ณด๊ฑด์†Œ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์˜ ํ™•์ถฉ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ํŽธ์žฌ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual performance of health care projects in each area based on the opinion of health center staffs. The followings are the results of the study based on the questionnaires which were filled out by health center staffs during the period of April 1 to April 30, 1986. 1. The administrative works at the health center were appeared to be functioning well as a whole, showing no particular traits among areas. It was deemed to be necessary to adjust the overall system due to contradictions embedded in laws and regulations. 2. In the public health care projects, actual performance of the projects showed differences among health centers because of regional differences in health care resources. Especially, in the city and Ku-areas, where private medical facilities are concentrated, the actual performance of projects showed Less than desirable. Because of a shortage of professional manpower and budget, It is required to actively promote for prevention, in addition to such prime object of giving medical treatment. 3. While it showed a relatively positive appraisal for the medical projects, the current conditions as medical facilities appeared different among areas. In a Kun or a smaller area, health centers remained as a primary treating institute with relatively high appraisal. In a certain area, although health center only provides service to the patients covered by the medical aid program, provides vaccination, and physical examinations, it is recommened to extend its function as the primary care institute for the medically underserved and poverty groups. In light of the above, the following conclusions were made. First, management of the health care should be made in accordance with the unique characteristics of areas. Second, through the expansion of professional manpower and budget for the public health care, preventive care projects should be emphasized in order to improve overall health status of the residents. Third, to overcome the medical maldistribution, medical care functions of the health centers in the medically underserved areas should be further expanded.prohibitio

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    Thesis (master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ™”ํ•™๊ณผ ์œ ๊ธฐํ™”ํ•™์ „๊ณต,1996.Maste

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    Preparation and Application of Hyaluronic Acid Derivative for Tissue Engineering

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    Doctor์กฐ์ง๊ณตํ•™์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์ฆ์ง„, ์ €์žฅ, ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํšŒ๋ณต์˜ ์ƒ์ฒด๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์ด๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ง๊ณตํ•™์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ, ์น˜๋ฃŒ์„ธํฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ธํฌ ์กฐ์ง์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ์ž์™€ ๊ณจ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ์ž, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋กœ์ ค, ๊ณ ๋ถ„์ž ๋‚˜๋…ธ์„ฌ์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์Šค์บํด๋“œ์ด๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒ์ฒด๋ชจ๋ฐฉ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ, ๋ถ„ํ™”์ธ์ž, ์„ฑ์žฅ์ธ์ž์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ์ง„๋ณด๋กœ ์ƒ์ฒด์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์กฐ๋˜์–ด ์ค‘๊ฐœ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜์— ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง๊ณตํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ค‘์—์„œ ํžˆ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ก ์‚ฐ ์œ ๋„์ฒด์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฃŒ์šฉ ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ์œ ์ฐฉ๋ฐฉ์ง€์™€ ๊ณจ์กฐ์ง๊ณตํ•™์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์—ฌ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํžˆ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ก ์‚ฐ์€ ์ƒ์ฒด๋ถ„ํ•ด์„ฑ, ์ƒ์ฒด์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ, ๋ฌด๋…์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ƒ์ฒด ๋‚ด์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋‹น๋ฅ˜์ด๋‹ค. 1์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š”, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ง‰๊ณผ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ ์ธ ์žฅ์ ์„ ์ทจํ•ฉํ•ด์„œ, ํ•ญ์‘๊ณ  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ํ•˜์ด๋“œ๋ก์‹œ์—ํ‹ธํ™”๋œ ๋…น๋ง๊ณผ(HES) ํžˆ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ก ์‚ฐ(HA)์„ ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ ์šฉ์•ก์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„ ์œ ์ฐฉ๋ฐฉ์ง€์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. HES/HA ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ ์šฉ์•ก์€ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์ฐฉ๋ฉด์ ์„ 6.5%๊นŒ์ง€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ HES ์˜ ํ•ญ์‘๊ณ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํžˆ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ก ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋†’์€ ๋ถ„์ž๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ํก์ˆ˜์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ง‰ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ผ์ƒ‰์กฐ์ง๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, HA/HES ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ ์šฉ์•ก์ด ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ฏผ๋ฌด๋Šฌ๊ทผ์„ธํฌ์™€ ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์นจ์Šต์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2์žฅ์—์„œ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํžˆ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ก ์‚ฐ์— PLGA๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ผํ”„ํŠธํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์ฒด์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์น˜๊ณผ์šฉ ์ฐจํ๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. HA-PLGA ์ ‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๋Š” DCC์™€ NHS๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ PLGA๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ADH๋กœ ๊ฐœ์งˆ๋œ ํžˆ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ก ์‚ฐ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ DMSO์—์„œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. HA-PLGA์ ‘ํ•ฉ์ฒด๋Š” 1H NMR, GPC, TEM์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ•„๋ฆ„ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณจ ๊ฒฐ์†๋ถ€์œ„์— ์ด์‹ ํ›„์— ์—ผ์ƒ‰์กฐ์ง๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด HA-PLGA/PLGA ํ•„๋ฆ„์—์„œ ๊ณจ ์žฌ์ƒ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณจ ๊ฒฐ์†๋ถ€์œ„์˜ 63.1% ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ƒ๋œ ๊ณจ์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ ๋ฎ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ HA-PLGA ๋งˆ์ด์…€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ „๋‹ฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š”, BMP-2/PEG ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ HA-PLGA์— ์บก์Šํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ SFF ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์Šค์บํด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. BMP-2๋Š” PEG์™€ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ , HA-PLGA ๋„๋ฉ”์ธ ๋‚ด์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์Šค์บํด๋“œ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋น„ํŠธ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ BMP-2๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. SD ์ฅ์˜ ๊ณจ๊ฒฐ์†๋ถ€์œ„์— ์Šค์บํด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ด์‹ ํ›„์— ์กฐ๊ณจ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋•๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ธํฌ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ณจ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ™”์ฒ™๋„์ธ ALP, OC, OSX ๊ณผ๋ฐœํ˜„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋‹จ์ธต์ดฌ์˜(ฮผCT)๊ณผ ์—ผ์ƒ‰์กฐ์ง๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ HA-PLGA/PEG/BMP-2 ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์Šค์บํด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณจ์žฌ์ƒ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ํžˆ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ก ์‚ฐ ์œ ๋„์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ๋‹จ๋‹จํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์กฐ์ง๊ณตํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์— ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํžˆ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ก ์‚ฐ์€ ์ค„๊ธฐ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋ถ„ํ™”์ด‰์ง„, ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ƒ์„ฑ ์กฐ์ ˆ, ๋ฉด์—ญ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹คํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ, HES/HA ๋ธ”๋ Œ๋“œ ์šฉ์•ก์€ ์‹ ํ’์ œ์•ฝ๊ณผ ๊ณต๋™์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž„์ƒ์‹คํ—˜ ์ค‘์— ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์˜ฌ ํ•ด ๋ง์— ์ƒํ’ˆํ™” ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. HA-PLGA ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.Tissue Engineering (TE) is an interdisciplinary research field toward the development of biological substitutes that improve, restore, or recover failed body parts. The three important components of TE are cells like stem cells and therapeutic cells, growth factors like tissue growth factors and bone morphogenetic proteins, and tissue scaffolds like hydrogels and polymer nanofibers. Recent scientific advances in stem cells, growth and differentiation factors, and biomimetic materials have created a unique opportunity to fabricate tissues in the laboratory for translational and clinical applications. Among various TE research fields, here, four research topics were extensively investigated focusing on post-surgical adhesion barriers and bone TE using hyaluronic acid (HA) derivatives and other biomedical nanomaterials. HA is a biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, non-immunogenic polysaccharide in the body. In Chapter 1, taking advantages of both pharmacological and barrier-based approaches, anti-coagulating hydroxyethyl starch (HES) blended with hyaluronic acid (HA) was successfully developed as a novel post-surgical adhesion barrier. The HES/HA blend solution effectively reduced the adhesion area down to 6.5% of the control in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, which might be ascribed to the inhibited blood coagulation by HES as well as highly effective barrier property of hygroscopic high molecular weight HA. Histological analysis revealed that HES/HA blend solutions effectively protected smooth muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells from muscle degeneration by the adhesion in abdominal walls of SD rats.In Chapter 2, a novel protocol for the synthesis of biocompatible and degradation controlled poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) grafted hyaluronic acid (HA-PLGA) was successfully developed for its periodontal barrier applications. HA-PLGA conjugate was synthesized in DMSO by the conjugation reaction between adipic acid dihydrazide modified HA (HA-ADH) and PLGA activated with N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). The resulting HA-PLGA conjugate was characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and treansmission electron microscopy (TEM), and exploited for the fabrication of HA-PLGA/PLGA film. After implantation to cover the calvarial bone deffect area, the bone regeneration was assessed by histological and histomorphometric analyses, which revealed the most effective bone regeneration for the case of HA-PLGA/PLGA film in comparison to the negative control and the positive control of Biogide. The regenerated bone volume was ca. 63.1% completely covering the bone defect area. The HA-PLGA conjugate could be also effectively applied for various drug delivery applications in the form of micelles.In Chapter 3, solid free-form fabrication (SFF) of tissue engineering scaffold was successfully carried out with HA-PLGA encapsulating intact BMP-2/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) complex. BMP-2 was complexed with PEG, which was encapsulated within the PLGA domain of HA-PLGA conjugate by SFF to prepare tissue engineering scaffolds. In vitro release tests confirmed the sustained release of intact BMP-2 from the scaffolds for up to a month. After confirmation of the enhanced osteoblast cell growth, and high gene expression levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), and osterix (OSX) in the cells, the HA-PLGA/PEG/BMP-2 scaffolds were implanted into the calvarial bone defects of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Microcomputed tomography (ฮผCT), and histological analyses with Massonโ€™s trichrome and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed the effective bone regeneration on the scaffolds of HA-PLGA/PEG/BMP-2 blends.Taken together, HA derivatives were thought to be successfully applied for various soft and hard tissue engineering applications. HA is known to promote stem cell differentiation, control the angiogenesis, and moderate immune responses, which make HA more feasible for various biomedical applications. Currently, clinical tests of HES/HA blends were successfully completed in collaboration with Shinpoong Pharmaceutical Co. and will be commercialized by the end of this year. HA-PLGA will be also investigated further for clinical applications

    Critical analysis On Korean Grammar textbook of 7th Curriculum

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    This Study intends to help 8th Korean Grammar textbook for senior high school which are preparing in recent year by criticizing 7th Korean Grammar textbook(the rest, 7th KGT). Most high school in Korea didn't choose Korean Grammar Subject in their curriculum because students didn't care that Subject. This Study intends to attract the care of student for innovating present circumstances. The problems of 7th KGT is divided with problems of whole aspect and problems in detail. The problems of whole aspect involved in character and form and content of 7th KGT. And the problems in detail is outlined in the order of textbook and curriculum The problems in detail are fully described in the second part of this Study. We hope to innovate the problems of this Study in the newly coming textbook And we emphasized that the innovation the 7th KGT needs more and efforts
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